Competence Of Young Adults Research Articles

Opposing associations between sedentary time and decision-making competence in young adults revealed by functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network

How daily physical activity and sedentary time relate to human judgement and functional connectivity (FC) patterns that support them remains underexplored. We investigated the relationships between accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time to decision-making competence (DMC) in young adults using a comprehensive Adult-Decision Making Competence battery. We applied graph theory measures of global and local efficiency to test the mediating effects of FC in cognitively salient brain networks (fronto-parietal; dorsal attention, DAN; ventral attention; and default mode), assessed from the resting-state fMRI. Sedentary time was related to lower susceptibility to a framing bias. However, once global and local efficiency of the DAN were considered we observed (1) higher susceptibility to framing with more sedentary time, mediated through lower local and global efficiency in the DAN, and (2) lower susceptibility to framing with more sedentary time. MVPA was not related to DMC or graph theory measures. These results suggest that remaining sedentary may reduce neurofunctional readiness for top-down control and decrease engagement of deliberate thought, required to ignore irrelevant aspects of a problem. The positive effect suggests that the relationship between sedentary time and DMC may be moderated by unmeasured factors such as the type of sedentary behavior.

Magno App: Exploring Visual Processing in Adults with High and Low Reading Competence

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to focus on whether visual processing differs between distinct levels of reading competence in young adults, from a regular orthography. We compared the 10% highest scoring (HRC) and the 10% lowest scoring groups (LRC) of reading competence (using the word chain test, WCT) in visual processing of global coherent motion and global coherent form among young adults in Norway. Results showed that the lowest scoring reading group had higher thresholds for detecting coherent motion, than the highest scoring reading group, indicating lower motion sensitivity in adults with low reading competence of a regular orthography. There was no significant difference between the groups in the coherent form control task. These results may indicate reduced sensitivity to temporally defined stimuli such as coherent motion in the group with low reading competence possible related to vulnerability of the visual dorsal stream.

Measuring romantic competence in young adults: The Inventory of Romantic Relationship Competence

This article presents psychometric data for a 35-item self-report instrument measuring romantic relationship competence in two separate samples of young adult college students. In study 1 (N = 219), results from Parallel Analysis and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) suggested the extraction of seven domains of romantic relationship competence: relationship locus of control, perspective taking, intimacy avoidance, emotion regulation, romantic appeal, conflict resolution skills, and temperament. In study 2 (N = 907), a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) provided support for the aforementioned factor structure albeit with minor revisions (i.e., correlated errors between three pairs of items). MIMIC modeling results provided support for partial measurement invariance across gender. A CFA-based method of estimating scale reliability demonstrated acceptable to good reliability indices. Bivariate correlations with other social competence and self-esteem measures provided support for convergent and divergent validity. An excel-based applet is available to readers who are interested in using the 35-item IRRC with individual respondents (e.g., practitioners). Researchers interested in using the measure within the context of structural equation modeling should model relevant non-invariant parameters before proceeding with the evaluation of structural parameters. This instrument demonstrates promise as an instrument for measuring domains of romantic relationship competence within the emerging adult population.

Relationship between Emotional Maturity and Social Competence in Young Adults

Background: The impact of Emotional maturity starts with the maintenance and enlistment of ability. The degree to which applicant’s emotional maturity is considered in settling on top official contracting choices significantly affects a definitive achievement or disappointment of those administrators. The emotional maturity of the people doing the contracting is additionally significant for good procuring choices. Kokin Saera et al (2004) conducted a cross sectional study on “comparison of emotional maturity and social interaction in adolescents as compared to adults”. In this study, 50 adults and 50 adolescents were given social adjustment inventory and emotional competency test. The study concluded high social interaction in adolescents as compared to adults however, prevalence of emotional maturity in adults was found to be high. Purpose: To find the relationship between Emotional Maturity and Social Competence among Young male and Female Adults. Material and Methods: Sample was collected from 80 adults (40 Males and 40 Females) age ranging 18-25years both employed and unemployed from Delhi. The tools used for collecting data related to emotional maturity and social competence were Emotional maturity scale developed by Dr Yashvir Singh and Dr. Mahesh Bhargava and Social competence scale developed by Dr V.P. Sharma, Dr (Mrs) Prabha Shukla and Dr (Mrs) Kiran Shukla. Result and Conclusion: On a average, females were found to be highly emotionally mature as compared to the males at both the significance level of 0.05 and 0.1. Moreover, there was no difference in social competence level of working and non working adults as well as social competence level was found to be not dependent on gender.

College students’ consumer competence: a qualitative exploration

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate college people's perception of the competence necessary to play the consumer role and of the different socialization agents and processes involved in their consumer learning. Perception of the meaning of consumer competence seems mostly based on characteristics associated to preventive behaviours. If, on the whole, the subjects think they are competent consumers, their perception of other consumers is much less favourable. The mother appears to remain the most influential socialization agent but the father seems to play an increasing role. Young people's consumer socialization process is mainly achieved through communication, observation, and by learning through trial and error. Some of them find that consumer education in high school was useful but boring, and some others didn’t remember having received this education. The need to study further the competence of young adults and to provide consumer education is discussed.

The Effects of Divorce on Young Adults' Relationship Competence

The relationship competence of young adults was investigated to determine if those who experienced family disruption in childhood, namely divorce or conflict, differed on measures of self esteem, fear of intimacy, romantic relationship satisfaction, and beliefs about marriage. The potential moderating effect and contribution of intimate friendships on relationship competence was examined. The study compared youth who had experienced family divorce with those youth who had not. A sample of male (n = 56) and female (n = 128) undergraduates participated in this study. The results indicated that parental divorce did not affect relationship competence, but that the level of perceived family conflict did influence the self esteem, fear of intimacy and romantic relationship satisfaction of young adults. Those who reported more conflict in their childhood families also reported more fear of intimacy, less self esteem and lower romantic relationship satisfaction than those who reported lower conflict in their families. Parental divorce did, however, affect young adults' fear and expectations of divorce more than their intact counterparts. Findings also indicate that intimate friendships contributed to relationship competence, but did not act as a buffer to the negative effects of the family environment. The findings suggest that childhood family environments as well as friendship quality are important predictors in young adults' relationship competence.