Competence Of Women Research Articles

Proses Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu Rumah Tangga oleh Bank Sampah “Kebumen Gemilang ‎Sejahtera” di Kelurahan II Ilir Kecamatan Ilir Timur II Kota Palembang

Women's empowerment is a good step to develop and improve women's competencies, especially for ‎housewives. This research examines the process of community empowerment in recycled waste ‎management in Kelurahan II Ilir, with a focus on the Kebumen Gemilang Sejahtera (KGS) Waste Bank. ‎There are five main processes observed, namely enabling, strengthening, protecting, supporting, and ‎maintaining which are used to create a supportive climate, increase knowledge and skills, and encourage ‎community independence and innovation in waste management for housewives. The method used is ‎analytic descriptive qualitative method. The qualitative research method is considered capable of describing ‎the process of empowering housewives by the KGS Waste Bank. As a result, the community, especially ‎housewives, managed to develop skills in waste management, become independent and innovative, and can ‎spread their knowledge to other parties. This empowerment program has succeeded in creating a positive ‎impact in protecting the environment and improving the welfare of the community.

In-depth exploration of challenges faced by women in the Turkish maritime industry: A qualitative study.

Women are underrepresented in the maritime industry compared to men. This sector continues to perpetuate gender discrimination and stereotypes, often overlooking women's physical competence. To explore the multi-faceted challenges faced by Turkish female officers, unveiling the different dimensions of these challenges, and providing a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 Turkish female officers actively working on seagoing vessels. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. The challenges faced by female officers were examined using content analysis. A total of 50 different codes were identified within 10 categories. The categories are gender inequality, violence, restriction of freedom, work-family conflict, mental health, physical differences, unsafe living space, insufficient communication with management, lack of psychometric testing and limited access to health services. By shedding light on the unique obstacles faced by female officers in Turkey, this study enhances our understanding of the underlying challenges and lays the groundwork for the implementation of effective policies and practices that promote the empowerment of women in the maritime industry.

Impact of Gender Discrimination on Women's Skill Development in the Workplace in a Northern Region of Peru – 2023

Decades, but with notable advances in access to education and labor participation, challenges remain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of gender discrimination practices on the development of women's competencies in the labor context in a region of northern Peru in 2023. An online survey was administered to 450 women selected in a nonprobabilistic manner. Results: Six research hypotheses were proposed, three of which were empirically corroborated: Workplace->Skills (?= -0.019), Skills-> Career (?=0.701), and Employment Level (?= -0.128). Conclusions: Gender discrimination practices at work, on the one hand, have a negative impact on skills development but, in turn, do not affect women's career progression in the workplace; these findings also highlight the importance of fostering skills development in organizations to increase women's career progression in the work context. Finally, this study provides a general framework for the design of policies and strategies that promote equity, reduce discriminatory practices in the workplace, and maximize the potential of the female workforce.
 
 Received: 16 December 2023 / Accepted: 16 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Can exposure to sexual objectification impact policy attitudes? Evidence from two survey experiments.

Research in social psychology has long argued that exposure to objectifying portrayals of women can lead to increasingly misogynist attitudes and behavior. We argue that such images can also impact on gendered policy attitudes. We suggest that objectifying images prime sexist attitudes and reduce perceptions of women's agency, warmth, and competence. We argue that this may translate into decreased support for reproductive rights and other gender-salient policies. Furthermore, these effects may vary by the gender of those exposed to these images. In two survey experiments with brief exposures to objectifying images, we find mixed support for these predictions. Although we find some negative effects as predicted, we also find positive effects of objectification among women in the sample that are suggestive of a backlash effect. We discuss potential explanations for this heterogeneity. Overall, our results suggest interesting avenues to further explore the effects of objectification on political outcomes.

ОБРАЗ ЖІНКИ-ТРУДІВНИЦІ НА СТОРІНКАХ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ЖІНОЧОЇ ПЕРІОДИКИ (1950-ТІ – 1980-ТІ РОКИ)

The article critically analyzes the idealized portrayal of the woman worker in the Soviet public sphere from the 1950s to the 1980s. One of the primary instruments shaping women's images within the official discourse of the Soviet state was womenʼs periodicals. These publications mirrored stereotypical perceptions of women and diverse expectations concerning their social roles, encompassing their professional engagements. Drawing upon materials sourced from prominent women’s magazines such as “Rabotnitsa,” “Sovetskaya Zhenshchina,” and “Radianska Zhinka,” the article endeavors to reconstruct the representation of a woman worker in the USSR. This representation amalgamated womenʼs activity, industriousness, selflessness, and a heightened level of motivation. Official propaganda consistently emphasized women’s emancipation in the USSR and advocated for gender equality, facilitated by the opportunity for women to work in traditionally "male-dominated" fields, including various sectors of heavy industry. The persistent promotion of this idealized image aimed to stimulate greater female involvement in production. Additionally, the positive portrayal of the woman worker was actively leveraged in propaganda rhetoric to showcase the purported "achievements" of the Soviet government in addressing the "woman question," attaining gender equality, and highlighting the "advantages" of living in a socialist state. However, the propagated image, upon closer examination, diverged significantly from reality. In their professional pursuits, women consistently encountered discrimination, exclusion from highly skilled professions, limitations in opportunities to assume leadership roles, and numerous stereotypes regarding women's competence in professional spheres.

Tantangan Dan Keberhasilan Peran Perempuan Dalam Partisipasi Politik Swedia Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Keadilan Gender Secara Global

Women's political participation is a key factor in achieving an inclusive and equitable democracy. This research aims to investigate the role of women in increasing political participation and democracy in Sweden. Qualitative research is used to understand complex and subjective cases by collecting descriptive and unstructured data. The results show that Sweden has achieved significant progress in women's political participation. The country has consistently championed gender equality and ranks fourth in the 2020 Global Gender Gap Index. The gender equality approach as a cornerstone of its politics has brought significant changes in the role of women in politics and government policy. Sweden also acts as a global change agent in promoting gender equality values. The research also identified that gender gaps still exist in Sweden, influenced by structural barriers, political institutions and political culture. Sweden has used quota mechanisms and women's competency preparation to increase women's representation in parliament. However, there is still work to be done to fully address gender inequality. Sweden is an inspiring country in the fight for gender equality and women's empowerment in politics. Quota efforts, competency preparation, and community support are important steps in increasing women's representation in Swedish politics. Gender concepts and feminist perspectives have becGender equality
 ome the basis for policies that support women to participate in politics, ensure gender equality, and create a more inclusive and fair political environment for everyone.

The rise of home-returning women's entrepreneurship in China's rural development: Producing the enterprising self through empowerment, cooperation, and networking

The phenomenon of return migration is on the rise in China as more young rural women are returning to their home communities for entrepreneurship and small business development, reshaping power structures and social identities in rural areas. This study explores the strategies of rural women entrepreneurs (RWE) in inventing and transforming themselves through personal training, professional education, capacity building, gaining individual success, and building confidence. The study draws on data collected in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, Southwestern China in June 2019 and August 2021. Specifically, the study examines how RWE strategically network with various resources, skills, knowledge, and social capital to negotiate multiple heterogeneous actors in terms of resistance, resilience, and adaptation. Additionally, the study showcases the crucial influence RWE have on maintaining family households, economic benefits, cultural inheritance, and community development.The study provides a case study to understand the life experience, capabilities, and network strategies of rural return migrant women in a fiercely competitive market and complex society, exploring the leadership of women entrepreneurs and the process of how they actively create social value and facilitate social change. This research enriches the scholarship of women's entrepreneurship in China, advancing broader debates including rural renaissance, women's competence, ability construction, gender equality, and social harnessing. It highlights how Chinese rural women use their political and social skills to network multiple actors, reflecting the dramatic social change and cultural shifts in China. The study's ethnographic findings suggest that new paths are needed for entrepreneurship to support these emerging social and economic changes in rural communities.

Porridge and misogyny: Rationalising inconspicuous misogyny in morning television shows

While in the last decade we made strides in the pursuit of gender equality, women's rights, dignity, and safety continue to be under threat around the world. There is a growing body of research documenting contemporary misogyny, mainly focused on extreme manifestations found in online environments. Conversely, we know less about how misogyny features in other spheres of our daily lives. The current study focuses on such an environment, namely segments from the British show This Morning in which guests are invited to take opposing stances on a variety of topics related to women's appearance, behaviour, competencies, and experiences with sexual harassment. Using discursive psychology, we identified two sets of argumentative discursive practices employed by guests who espoused misogynist views. First, when guests were prompted to present their controversial views, they constructed them as reasonable, strategically differentiating them from established misogynist tropes. By contrast, when guests’ views were challenged, they doubled down on their positions by drawing on scientific explanations for human behaviour that ostensibly justified bigoted views. This study sheds light onto the discursive mechanisms through which misogyny escapes eradication, and through which it mutates into subtler forms that are increasingly difficult to identify and denounce.

Qur'anic Narratives of Women's Competencies and The Consequences of Islamic Law on Their Involvement in Society

Many people continue to believe that the Islamic Law perspective of women differs from men, which tends to be based on subordinate doctrines. However, in the al-Qur'an, divine revelation proclaims that women also have Competencies which is demonstrated by various forms of narration in the language style of the Qur'an along with their prowess in the public sector based on social reality. This paper discusses the main problem, namely the competence of women in the Qur'an from the perspective of Islamic law and their work in society. This research uses a qualitative research type with the method of text analysis of the verses of the Qur'an with an interpretive science approach, as well as analysis of field data regarding the role of women in various sectors of life from the perspective of Islamic law. Data was collected through a literature study and in-depth interviews with several informants in various regions of Indonesia. The research concluded that women's competence is mentioned in the narration of the Qur’an with uslub and various language styles, showing that women have superiority and toughness according to their nature and identity. They act with the capital of intellectual, emotional, and spiritual intelligence as well as physical and psychological strength. Furthermore, women's involvement in the public sector provides clear evidence of women's abilities relevant to the verses of the Qur’an and refutes subordinate perspectives of them. Islamic law perspective recommends building a perfect mutualism symbiotic, respectful, civilized, and progressive.

Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keberdayaan perempuan

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of women's empowerment. The method used is survey research with a quantitative verification approach. The research was conducted in Indramayu Regency, using the Multiple Stage Sampling technique. Five (5) sub-districts were taken from 31 sub-districts, and 20 respondents were randomly selected from each sub-district so that the total number was 100 women respondents. Individual characteristics, competence, and availability of information are exogenous variables while the endogenous variable is the level of women's power. Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with calculations assisted by Smart PLS 4 software. The validity test was carried out to see valid indicators based on the loading factor value > 0.5, the reliability test was carried out on the research variables, and the SEM model was obtained in iteration 2. The results showed that individual characteristic variables, competence, and information availability contributed 61% to women's empowerment level. Individual characteristics have a positive effect of 0.77 and are significant on the level of women's empowerment. Women's competence needs to be increased, as well as the availability of information so that women can play an active role and increase their involvement in the economy and development.

Perspektif Islam Tentang Kepemimpinan Perempuan Pada Lembaga Pendidikan

The background of this research is the importance of studying Islamic perspectives on women's leadership in educational institutions. Given that currently many educational institutions are led by a female leader and these educational institutions are successful. The purpose of this study was to find out the Islamic perspective on women's leadership in educational institutions. The method used in this study is a library approach. The results of the study show that leadership is now more dependent on the physical and mental readiness of both men and women in a planned direction towards professionalism rather than just the skills, heritage, experience and mentality of men. To produce good quality leadership, all programs must go through a systematic process of planning, analysis and development. So as to create an appropriate leadership perspective Islam. The conclusion of this study is that women's leadership competencies can also create effective leadership in educational institutions.

Не заметив стеклянного потолка: женщины в руководстве высшим образованием в России

According to the tradition, opinion that has long been estab-lished in Russian historiography, the women's issue in Russia was resolved in the mid-1930s, and with it the equality of women and men in all spheres of society was legislated. In fact, equality was manifested only in the political and economic mobilization of women, but not at all in the availability of professions and posi-tions. However, a small "inaccuracy" about full equality turns out to be literally "a lie for salvation" when studying the biographical trajectories of individual Russians. Confident in the accessibility of any administrative heights, some educated and ambitious Russians proved by their own example the achievability of their own goals. The article substantiates the possibility of a profes-sional breakthrough based on the identification of typicalities in the social behavior of individual representatives of the Russian educated elite. The success of female rectors in post-Soviet Rus-sia undermines the belief that women are less competitive, re-veals the reasons for underestimating women's professional com-petence.

Black Women's Relational Competencies and Ethical Leadership in the Workplace

Three qualitative case vignettes illustrate Black women leaders' application of relational competencies to assert culturally informed ethical values in organizational life. Theoretical frameworks of Patricia Hill Collins' (1994) theory of motherwork and Wilfred Bion's (1991) psycho-dynamics theory of group development guide the analysis of Black women's relational competencies. Methodologically, the data derive from the authors' use of phenomenological review of over three decades of corporate and non-profit consultancies. This methodology entailed uncensored story generation relative to the topic and culling of the story set guided by a rubric to screen for story features that exemplify group and relational competencies and ethical leadership. Findings identified recurring relational leadership themes of 1) Creating Safe Space for Breaking Silences, 2) Interrupting the Unsaid in Organizational Life and 3) Framing Organizational Dynamics within His/herstories of Injustice. Implications of these case findings for Black women's ethical leadership at the level of group relational competencies for 21st century organizations are shared.

Islamic Education for Women in Madrasah Mu’allimat

Madrasah Mu'allimat was established as the first women's school to develop graduates with prophetic leadership. This study aims to examine the institution and its educational practices to develop and nurture prophetic leadership for the students. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative. Data were obtained using in-depth interview techniques, participant observation, and documentation. The analysis of data is conducted through reduction, presentation, verification, and conclusion. The results of the study show that Madrasah Mu'allimat takes into consideration five competencies for its educational service: science, personality, skills, humanity, and social movements. These five competencies are designed towards developing women's leadership competencies based on the prophetic spirit of Islam. A systematic and continuous development program for student is one of the contributing factors to the success of Madrasah Mu'allimat. The institution strives to deliver its educational service and maintain its position as the leading and oldest women's madrasah in Indonesia.

Competence of Women in the Plotline of Kambaramayanam

Women inherently are considered to be more compassionate than being haughty or autocratical. They would go to the extent of forsaking their wishes, in case they cause any inconvenience to others. The three important female characters in kambaramayana ie. kaikeyi, mandharai and soopanagai respectively would tell otherwise. These characters are automatic, unlike the stereotypical female characters. This research paper would study the power and competence of the three female characters (Kaikeyi, Mandharai and soorpanagai) with reference to the plotline of kambaramayanam.

Footsteps I would like to follow? How gender quotas affect the acceptance of women leaders as role models and inspirations for leadership

AbstractThis research examines how the method of selecting women leaders affects other women's leadership interest. The results of three experiments (N = 1,015) indicated that only when women leaders were selected due to merit, not quota‐based policies, did they boost female participants’ interest in a leadership position. These reactions were mediated by perceptions of the woman leader's deservingness of her position (Studies 1–3) and consequent acceptance as a role model (Studies 2 and 3). Accordingly, success information validating quota‐based selected leaders’ competence provided a boost in leadership interest equal to that of merit‐based selected leaders (Study 2). For male participants, quota but not merit‐based selected women leaders lowered interest in leadership due to their pessimistic assessment of the probability of being selected (Study 1). These results suggest that a wise implementation of quota regulations includes validating women's competence so they are perceived as deserving of their leader roles and can thus serve as inspiring role models.

Blame it on her 'baby brain'? Investigating the contents of social stereotypes about pregnant women's warmth and competence.

The Stereotype Content Model proposes that social stereotypes broadly exist along two dimensions: warmth and competence. This framework has been used to investigate the contents of stereotypes of gendered groups in a range of contexts. However, it has not been extensively applied to perceptions of pregnant women. This is important, given how pregnant women are typically framed by society to have 'baby brain' or reduced competence. Therefore, we investigated the contents of social stereotypes of pregnant women. In Study 1, participants (N=590) rated a target group (pregnant women) and thirteen other comparison groups on perceptions of warmth (compassion, empathy and comfort) and competence (mathematics ability, logic and memory). Pregnant women were generally stereotyped to have low competence and high warmth, relative to other groups. Study 2 (N=54) then descriptively investigated the wider contents of stereotypes related to pregnant women, new mothers, men and women using a trait generation task. Generated traits were coded within the dimensions of warmth and competence. This showed, again, that pregnant women were assigned traits related to warmth and poor competence. Taken together, these studies confirmed that perceptions of low competence and 'baby brain' in pregnancy is broadly held by a non-pregnant sample.

The perception of competence in the newsroom: Why stereotypical dress styles violate Title VII

Title VII prohibits sex discrimination in the workplace “because of sex.” Once on the job, however, courts allow employers to impose trait discrimination policies on employees, including sex stereotypical ones. Based on a survey experiment, we found that sex stereotyped dress styles for women—defined by bright colors, long hair, excessive make-up in contrast to dark suits, ties, and short hair cuts for men—sexualize women, thereby undermining viewers' perception of women's professional competence. A vast social-psychological literature explains “why.” Specifically, gender is a diffuse status characteristic that generally diminishes the perception of women’s capabilities. Sexualized dress styles augment that effect of gender by diverting viewers' attention from women's job performance to the visual attributes of women as objects. Our study confirms that women’s sexualized dress styles decrease viewers’ perceptions of women’s competence. We contend that this reduction in the perception of women’s competence disproportionately disadvantages members of a protected class, women, and, by so doing, constitutes an “adverse effect”. Notably, Title VII prohibits policies that impose adverse effects. Thus, by integrating legal standards with social psychological scholarship, this study presents a new foundation for the claim many legal scholars have sought to make, namely, why at least some trait discrimination policies violate Title VII.

Impact of leadership gender stereotyping on managing familial conflict, matrimonial strategies, divorce decisions and marital satisfaction in Qatar

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of leadership style and gender roles on managing familial conflict (MFC), as well as how such conflict resolution affects divorce decisions and overall marital satisfaction (SF) in Qatar.Design/methodology/approachA 20-item questionnaire, corresponding to 20 indicators for six latent variables, was administered to 550 married couples in Qatar. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test of sphericity were calculated. The path analysis was measured using structural equation modeling.FindingsMatrimonial strategies adopted by spouses positively affected familial conflict resolution, and successfully MFC both positively affected marital SF and reduced the inclination to seek a divorce. However, men were not found to be visionary leaders in familial relationships regarding conflict resolution. Leadership gender stereotyping did not positively influence the perception of women's competency (WC). The WC did not positively affect the managing of familial conflict.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides strategic insights regarding how MFC in Qatar influences marital SF. Understanding the determinants of divorce decisions and marital SF furthers understanding of how married couples can sustain healthy relationships.Originality/valueThis study empirically correlates three fields of family research: gender role; conflict resolution and marital SF. It explains how divorce issues have escalated in Qatar and explores the influence on modern social life of sexism, patriarchal roots and Oriental androcentrism. Many factors must be considered when examining matrimonial strategies (MSs), especially if there is debate over the ideal number of children. Strategizing models can curtail conflict that might lead to divorce.

Gender representation cues labels of hard and soft sciences

While women's representation in STEM fields has increased over the past several decades, some fields have seen a greater increase women's participation than others. In the present research, we explore how women's participation in STEM disciplines influences labeling of those disciplines as hard vs. soft sciences. Study 1 found that increasing perceived participation of women in a STEM discipline increased the likelihood that participants would label it a soft science. Study 2 found that among people who did not work in science, this tendency to associate women's participation with soft science was correlated with endorsement of stereotypes about women's STEM competency. And Studies 3A and 3B showed that labeling disciplines as soft sciences led to the fields being devalued, deemed less rigorous, and less worthy of federal funding. These studies show that stereotypes about women's STEM competency can impact perceptions of fields in which women participate, with consequences for how scientific disciplines are perceived.