Logic Compensator Research Articles

Integrated sensor FTC using integral sliding mode control

In this paper, a sliding mode sensor fault tolerant control scheme which involves a first order sliding mode observer, fault compensation logic and an integral sliding mode controller, is proposed for a class of uncertain linear parameter-varying systems. The proposed scheme has the capability to retain near nominal fault-free performance in the face of a class of sensor faults/failures. In particular, the closed-loop stability of the sensor fault tolerant scheme involving the sliding mode observer and the sliding mode controller in the presence of faults and uncertainty, is rigorously analysed. Furthermore, the paper proposes an algorithm to simultaneously synthesize the design freedom associated with the observer gains and control law despite the lack of a separation principle in the closed loop system overall caused by the uncertainty. The proposed scheme is validated using a commercial aircraft model. Good simulation results show the efficacy of the scheme.

A Legal Appraisal on Liability and Compensation Logic to Address the Impact of Climate Change

A Legal Appraisal on Liability and Compensation Logic to Address the Impact of Climate Change

Logic adaptive optimization model for dynamic temperature compensation of heating furnace based on proportion‐integral‐derivative position algorithm

AbstractIn order to improve the adaptive compensation control ability of the furnace dynamic temperature compensation logic, an adaptive optimal control model of the furnace dynamic temperature compensation logic based on proportion‐integral‐derivative (PID) position algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the constraint index model of the dynamic compensation logic control of the heating furnace temperature is constructed, and the target structure analysis of the electric heating furnace temperature control is realized by using the PID control mode. The platinum resistor is used to collect the temperature in the feedback link, and the controlled equipment converts electrical energy into heat energy for release. As the temperature rises, the difference between the two is sent to the fuzzy controller. The model fuzzy controller outputs an analog value, and the PID control system outputs different control parameters, thus realizing the parameter analysis and optimization design of the control law of the heating furnace temperature dynamic compensation logic control. The test results show that the method has good accuracy, with an error of 0.01 to 0.02, and has certain application value.

Optimization proposals to the payment clearing

<abstract><p>In recent years, the amount of payment transactions have exponentially increased and with them, new abstract payment methods and techniques have emerged. In this paper, we provide two new interesting optimization problem solutions aimed to reduce the amount of money needed in a multilateral set-off system. The presented concepts—built upon solutions of relatively new but well-known graph theory and mathematical optimization theory—show how the use of some payment transaction methods can improve the traditional compensation logic behind a payment transaction. These theoretic optimizations solutions can lead to an increase of payment transactions of a specific market area with a common monetary union and system of payments—be it a country, a group of countries, etc—and a specific range of time —be it a year, a month, etc—. Thus, improving, in economic terms, the existing competition, economic activity and welfare.</p></abstract>

Modeling and Control of Delayed, Nonlinear, Uncertain, and Disturbed Air Heater Employing Fuzzy PDC-L 1 Adaptive Scheme

In this article, we proposed a scheme of modeling an air heater system with a long airflow duct, predominantly available in many industrial plants to maintain the desired temperature by simultaneously befitting the transport delay, nonlinearities, model uncertainties, and nonuniform disturbances. At first, the nonlinear delayed air heater system is formulated by combining linear fuzzy system models utilizing fuzzy parallel distributed compensation (PDC) logic. Then, a newly developed L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> adaptive control strategy is modified by replacing its conventional state feedback controller with fuzzy PDC control logic to maintain the desired temperature by nullifying nonlinearities, transport delays, uncertainties, and disturbances. The novelty of the proposed work lies in the fact that the proposed fuzzy PDC law augmented L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> adaptive scheme explicitly deals with the delays and nonlinearities by means of fuzzy PDC logic as well as eliminates time-varying uncertainties and disturbances utilizing L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> adaptive control strategy. The results obtained from real-life laboratory-scale experiments suitably demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.

An Improved Modulation Method for Suppressing High Frequency Common-Mode Voltage in SiC Motor Drive System

High-frequency common-mode voltage generated by inverters causes severe negative effects, particularly in silicon carbide (SiC) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs)-driven motors. Additionally, common suppression strategies would increase hardware expenses or sacrifice the switching speed of SiC devices. This article proposes an improved no-zero vector modulation strategy to suppress high-frequency common-mode voltage without increasing the cost of hardware. In this method, only nonzero vectors are utilized to reduce common-mode voltage. Firstly, the influence of different switching states on the characteristics of SiC MOSFETs has been studied by double-pulse tests, which explains why zero vectors will cause more serious voltage oscillations. Secondly, common-mode voltage suppression failure caused by the high-frequency dead zone effect has been analyzed in detail. Based on traditional Active Zero State Pulse Width Modulation (AZSPWM), complementary device conduction logic and dead-zone compensation methods are proposed. In switching moments, different turn-on logic is selected to ensure that only one switch acts, and different dead zone compensation methods are selected to deal with the common-mode suppression failure, which effectively avoids high-frequency common-mode voltage spikes. Finally, simulation and experimental results verify that the improved modulation algorithm can effectively suppress high-frequency common-mode voltage.

A SVR Control Method with Switching Multiple LDC Parameters Using Measurement Data of Distribution Systems

The voltage regulation in distribution systems becomes more important these days due to the more complicated power flow profile caused by the integration of variable renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV). Step voltage regulator (SVR) and load ratio controlled transformer (LRT) have been mainly used for the voltage regulation conventionally based on decentralized control methods using line drop compensation (LDC) logic for estimation of voltage drop at secondary side of the SVR. Here, it has been required for distribution system operator to determine LDC parameters properly to estimate the voltage drop based on locally measured information. Hence, in this paper, we proposed an advanced LDC logic in which the parameters can be flexibly switched based on the power flow conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified using 41-node distribution system model with PV.

FPGA-Based Hybrid Control Strategy for Resonant Inverter in Induction Heating Applications

An implementation of a fully digital control system for driving resonant power converter is a challenging task. Furthermore, solving discrete-time equations on a digital platform like field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device being used for its fast response characteristic along with the real-time validation is an additional prominent challenge. This article aims at solving both the challenges for a series resonant inverter used in solid-state induction heating (IH) application. The proposed hybrid control strategy is aimed at phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation to achieve output power regulation and pulse frequency modulation control to maintain soft switching for dynamic load conditions, simultaneously. The performance of the controller is investigated under varying load and power conditions. An improvement in the overall control performance is ensured by introducing a dynamic slope compensation logic with digital blocks. The simulation-based modeling of control system and proportional–integral–differential tuning methods are presented. Furthermore, the proposed controller is validated by hardware-in-the-loop simulation for FPGA implementation and tested experimentally on a laboratory prototype of 5-kW IH system for metal melting applications, using Zynq XC7Z020-1clg484 FPGA platform.

Energy Optimality in Electric Vehicles Along Uphill-Downhill Roads

In this paper, an energy optimal controller is designed with torque, speed and battery constraints, and detailed sensitivity analyses are performed. The design is tested on the gross motion mathematical model of the vehicle moving on a variable-slope road in scenarios including uphill and downhill road sections of various slopes and lengths. The tests are repeated along roads with icy slopes, and the superiority of the energy optimal controller is verified for roads with low friction coefficients. A skidding compensation logic is proposed, and it is observed that the energy optimal solution is insensitive to such compensation methods. Further sensitivity analyses are performed, and it is shown that as a representative of different passenger seating arrangements, the sensitivity of the energy optimal controller to the changes in mass and its distribution is small in magnitude. The tests with different initial state-of-charge of the battery demonstrate that the superiority of the energy optimal controller becomes significant especially when battery characteristics limit the charging capability during regenerative braking.

CEOs Poverty Experience and Corporate Acquisitions

In this study we examine whether a CEO’s poverty experiences in early life affect corporate strategy of acquisitions. Drawing upon insights of imprinting theory and inferiority-compensation logic, we argue that CEOs growing up in poverty environment, compared to their counterparts growing up in non-poverty environment, may experience a feeling of inferiority because of their disadvantageous background, which motivates them to undertake acquisitions so as to seek for compensation in material wealth, self-esteem, and social standing. We therefore posit that CEOs with poverty background (i.e., grew up in poverty environment) are likely to demonstrate a higher level of acquisitiveness. We further propose that the inferiority compensation logic will be strengthened when CEOs experienced famine or when their firms are located in more affluent regions. Evidence from public-listed manufacturing firms in China largely supports our predictions.

Temperature Compensation of Crystal References in NB-IoT Modems

The low-cost nature of NB-IoT modems encourages them to deploy uncompensated crystal oscillators (XOs) as frequency references. The frequency offset of an uncompensated XO, however, makes network acquisition inefficient under low network coverage. In the worst case, the bulk of an NB-IoT modem’s power is consumed in network acquisition. This work demonstrates a discrete frequency synthesizer prototype that employs its phase-locked loop to compensate for the frequency offset of its reference XO. We propose an accurate crystal model and a compensation logic that are suitable for 32-bit microprocessors, commonly available in NB-IoT modems. Alternatively, when synthesized in a commercial 65-nm process in 24-bit precision, the proposed compensation logic is simulated to require a total area of 0.029 mm2 and power of 290 nW at a refresh rate of 1.4 kHz. Moreover, the XO model requires only 0.16 kB of RAM. The prototype achieves a compensation error level of down to 27 ppb ( $3\sigma $ ) over the temperature range from −40 to 85 °C. The dominant error sources of the prototype are discussed in detail. In addition, we show that an NB-IoT modem can use the information acquired from sequential network acquisitions to compose and update its XO model in the field. This support for field calibration removes the need for XO characterization in production and ensures the validity of the model over the NB-IoT modem’s lifespan. The prototype achieves a compensation error level of down to 50 ppb ( $3\sigma $ ) in an emulated in-field calibration test, sufficient to ensure energy-efficient low-latency network acquisition under low network coverage.

Research on Regional Ecological Compensation Mechanism Based on Improved Footprint Model and Ecosystem Service Value

In order to solve the problem that the compensation and environment in the ecological compensation are separated from each other and the theoretical compensation amount is excessively high, it is of great significance to study the establishment of a reasonable and feasible ecological compensation mechanism. From the perspective of ecosystem service value, this paper substitutes and replaces the sustainable ecological profit and loss index calculated by the “consumption-output” ecological footprint model and compensation correction coefficient on the calculation idea based on the unit area value equivalent factor. The new ecological compensation standard and the accounting method of compensation priority are obtained, and the empirical analysis is carried out in Linxiang City as an example. Results are as follows: (1) The total value of ecosystem services in Linxiang City is higher, but the regional distribution is different, and the supply and demand are not balanced in space. (2) The regional ecological compensation standard model of Linxiang City has certain rationality. The ecological compensation standards of all regions are smaller than the upper limit of ecosystem service value. (3) Chengfeng Township first obtained ecological compensation, Chang`an town paid compensation first, and Taolin Town finally received compensation. The ecological compensation standard revised by the “consumption-output” model is economically reasonable within the regional GDP tolerance. The compensation is based on the “high non-market value output” and low GPD output area as the priority to obtain compensation logic. And the logic is in line with the concept of reality.

Institutional complementarity, firm behavior, and firm heterogeneity: A cross-national analysis

AbstractHow do political economic institutions and different types of institutional complementarity in particular influence firm behavior? Existing studies do not offer much help in answering this question. In this research, we systematically connect institutional complementarity and its two distinct logics (the logic of reinforcement and the logic of compensation) to firm performance. Using a sample of more than fourteen thousand firms from twenty advanced industrial democracies, our empirical analysis finds that institutional complementarity is related to firm performance in a distinct way. That is, the different logics of institutional complementarity apply only to specific segments of the economy. While the logic of reinforcement works for small firms and labor-intensive firms, the logic of compensation favors large firms and capital-intensive firms. The empirical novelty of our research lies in offering a cross-national, firm-level and large-n analysis of institutional complementarity. Theoretically, our finding of firm heterogeneity helps in establishing the boundary conditions of institutional complementarity and hence advances the general understanding of the subject.

Shouldn’t, Wouldn’t, Couldn’t? Analyzing the Involvement of Oligarchs’ Philanthropy Foundations in the Ukrainian Protests of 2013-14

This article analyzes the agency of wealthy businessmen-politicians’ philanthropy foundations during the Ukrainian Maidan protests of 2013-14 in which crowdfunding and grassroots mobilization constituted key distinctive features. As the role of these philanthropy foundations remains obscure, this article aims to bridge this gap in our knowledge of Ukrainian politics and society. The protesters strived to achieve social change and democratization similar to what was being purported by wealthy businessmen-politicians’ foundations during the years leading up to the protests. However, since the protesters specified one particular aim as “de-oligarchization,” the involvement of these organizations is puzzling. What did these foundations do at this critical point? To what extent can their actions or inactions be explained by the institutional and framework constraints of the foundations, the strategies of the wealthy businessmen-politicians behind the foundations, and the lack of the foundations’ legitimacy in the eyes of the civic sector activists? The analysis covers different types of foundation and is based on semi-structured interviews involving the foundations’ representatives, think-and-do tank analysts, and Maidan activists, over the years 2011 to 2017. The findings show that the organizational entities were largely directed by their respective founders. This indicates a dependence of the philanthropic organization on the political affiliation of the founder, rather than on the framed ambition of the foundation. Similar to the impact of philanthropic organizations in other institutional contexts, the impact of philanthropy foundations on the Maidan social movement proved marginal. Since oligarchs could not be invisible during the political turmoil, they tried to retain a position from which they could deny responsibility for specific actions. The logic of commitment compensation and the logic of flexibility advanced by Markus and Charnysh proved useful for analyzing the strategies of these businessmen-politicians.

From a Distance: Teju Cole, World Literature, and the Limits of Connection

Abstract This essay challenges recent theories of world literature that argue that the global anglophone novel, in particular, instantiates empathic, ethical connection across and beyond nation-states. Taking cues from Teju Cole's Open City, it understands the urge to connect as a psychological logic of compensation that operates in cosmopolitan readers to keep less pleasant feelings such as guilt, depression, futility, or isolation at bay. Cole's work interrogates the imperative to always connect, intimating all the while certain possibilities for distance as a mode of relationality. The role Cole accords storytelling lies less in its power to forge international contact zones or imagined communities than in its caution against a facile instrumentalism equating knowing with social transformation. Instead, Open City juxtaposes the urge for harmonious cross-cultural connection with a conscious critique of that very desire.

Design of Model-based Controller with Disturbance Estimation in Steer-by-wire System

The steer-by-wire system is a next generation steering control technology that has been actively studied because it has many advantages such as fast response, space efficiency due to removal of redundant mechanical elements, and high connectivity with vehicle chassis control, such as active steering. Steer-by-wire system has disturbance composed of tire friction torque and self-aligning torque. These disturbances vary widely due to the weight or friction coefficient change. Therefore, disturbance compensation logic is strongly required to obtain desired performance. This paper proposes model-based controller with disturbance compensation to achieve the robust control performance. Targeted steer-by-wire system is identified through the experiment and system identification method. Moreover, model-based controller is designed using the identified plant model. Disturbance of targeted steer-by-wire is estimated using disturbance observer(DOB), and compensate the estimated disturbance into control input. Experiment of various scenarios are conducted to validate the robust performance of proposed model-based controller.

The Flexible Few: Oligarchs and Wealth Defense in Developing Democracies

Based on an original large- N dataset of individual Ukrainian oligarchs and qualitative evidence, this article tests competing perspectives on the political power of big capital. We find, surprisingly, that neither the assumption of direct power by the oligarchs nor the mobility of oligarchic assets helps tycoons protect their fortunes against shocks. Instead, the indirect strategies of party support and media ownership significantly enhance business wealth. Empirically, we profile postcommunist oligarchs by examining the political and economic activities of 177 oligarchs from 2006 to 2012. Theoretically, we contribute to the literatures on instrumental and structural power of capital, and on the interactions between extreme wealth, rule of law, and democracy. In doing so, we contrast the logic of flexibility, according to which oligarchs benefit from political adaptability and deniability, with the logic of commitment compensation, according to which oligarchs benefit from direct power when the rule of law is weak.

A LRT Control Method Using Sensor Information in Distribution Systems with a Large Amount of PVs and EVs

SUMMARYIt is of prime importance to maintain voltage profile within the proper range in distribution systems with a large amount of photovoltaics and electric vehicles (EVs). In particular, there is a possibility that line drop compensation (LDC) logic, which is utilized for the control of load ratio tap transformer (LRT) does not work properly when reverse power flow is included partially. Hence, in this paper, we have developed a new LRT control method based on the sensor information supposing that some section switchgears with sensors are introduced in the future distribution systems. Specifically, the extreme value of voltage profile is estimated by convergence calculation in the section between the section switchgear with sensor and LRT. Moreover, the voltage at the end node can be estimated by LDC method using sensor information of section switchgear. The proposed method was tested using a distribution system model and its effectiveness was shown.

A Mixed Signal DC Offset Cancellation for VGA of Zero-IF Receiver

This paper proposes a mixed signal DC offset cancellation (DCOC) which does not cause the near-DC rejection for zero-IF receiver. To achieve low output offset efficiently, the DCOC consisting of a comparator, a digital logic controller and compensation voltage generators is used. It utilizes current sources arrays that are controlled by thermometer code to generate the compensation voltage. The proposed DCOC is implemented in GF 0.18 [Formula: see text]m CMOS process. The measurement results show that the proposed calibration method can reduce the offset residue to less than 80 mV and the total calibration time is less than 13 [Formula: see text]s. It only drains 60 [Formula: see text]A from a 3.3 V supply.

Idempotent Weighted Aggregation Based on Binary Aggregation Trees

We propose weighted aggregation algorithms for creating general idempotent weighted aggregators of n variables derived from related symmetric idempotent aggregators of two variables. This computational method, together with interpolative aggregation, can be used for the development of general idempotent logic aggregators that satisfy a variety of conditions necessary for building decision models in the area of weighted compensative logic.