Compelling Conclusion Research Articles

DISEÑO CONSTITUCIONAL DE SOCIEDADES

Objective: This paper sets out to explore the intricacies of the "Constitutional Design of Heterogeneous Society" utilizing the analytical lens of deconstruction. The primary objective is to dissect and comprehend how the constitution in diverse societies functions as a state consensus, offering legitimacy to agencies and institutions that represent the state. The focus extends beyond the mere governance of self-government, aiming to understand how this constitutional framework ensures democratic principles rooted in human rights. Theoretical Framework: Embedded within the theoretical framework are perspectives from both liberianists and communitarianists. The paper delves into the ideologies of these schools of thought, seeking to understand their implications for the modern constitutional design in heterogeneous societies. The exploration unfolds as we scrutinize the constitution's role in regulating not only the satisfactions of being free but also navigating the delicate balance between individual desires and the collective vision of the society. Methodology: Employing deconstruction analysis as the chosen methodology, this paper aims to unravel the layers embedded in the constitutional design of heterogeneous societies. Deconstruction, as a critical tool, allows us to dissect the elements that constitute the constitution, unveiling the nuanced relationships between state agencies, institutions, and citizens. Through this methodological approach, we endeavor to offer a comprehensive and insightful examination of the complex dynamics at play. Results: The analysis reveals a profound conclusion regarding the constitution in heterogeneous societies. It emerges as a state consensus meticulously documented to provide legitimacy for agencies and institutions, portraying them as an "artificial man" vested with the power to regulate citizens. The emphasis lies not solely on self-government but, significantly, on guaranteeing democratic principles anchored in human rights. This exploration draws from the perspectives of liberianists and communitarianists, asserting that the modern constitutional design serves as a constitution in the narrow sense, meticulously regulating the satisfactions of being free. Conclusion: In the culmination of this paper, we arrive at a compelling conclusion regarding the constitutional design of heterogeneous societies. The constitution, far from being a mere legal document, emerges as a pivotal state consensus. It provides legitimacy to institutions, portraying them as artificial entities tasked with the responsibility of exercising power to regulate citizens. Crucially, the focus of this regulation extends beyond self-government to encompass democratic principles grounded in human rights. As espoused by liberianists and communitarianists, the modern constitutional design is revealed to be a meticulous regulator of the satisfactions of being free, distinguishing it from the unbridled pursuit of individual desires. Originality/Value: The originality and value of this paper lie in its innovative use of deconstruction analysis to illuminate the nuanced dimensions of constitutional design in heterogeneous societies. By amalgamating perspectives from liberianists and communitarianists, this work contributes to the discourse by offering a unique perspective on the constitution's role in regulating freedom and democracy within diverse social contexts. It brings to light the significance of democratic principles rooted in human rights and emphasizes the delicate balance between individual liberties and collective well-being. In doing so, this paper adds a fresh layer of understanding to the evolving landscape of constitutional studies.

General anesthesia versus local anesthesia for deep brain stimulation targeting of STN in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is a viable therapeutic for advanced Parkinson's disease. However, the efficacy and safety of STN-DBS under local anesthesia (LA) versus general anesthesia (GA) remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to compare them using an expanded sample size. The databases of Embase, Cochrane Library and Medline were systematically searched for eligible cohort studies published between 1967 and 2023. Clinical efficacy was assessed using either Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) section III scores or levodopa equivalent dosage requirements. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess complications (adverse effects related to stimulation, general neurological and surgical complications, and hardware-related complications). Fifteen studies, comprising of 13 retrospective cohort studies and 2 prospective cohort studies, involving a total of 943 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicate that there were no significant differences between the 2 groups with regards to improvement in UPDRS III score or postoperative levodopa equivalent dosage requirement. However, subgroup analysis revealed that patients who underwent GA with intraoperative imaging had higher UPDRS III score improvement compared to those who received LA with microelectrode recording (MER) (P = .03). No significant difference was found in the improvement of UPDRS III scores between the GA group and LA group with MER. Additionally, there were no notable differences in the incidence rates of complications between these 2 groups. Our meta-analysis indicates that STN-DBS performed under GA or LA have similar clinical outcomes and complications. Therefore, GA may be a suitable option for patients with severe symptoms who cannot tolerate the procedure under LA. Additionally, the GA group with intraoperative imaging showed better clinical outcomes than the LA group with MER. A more compelling conclusion would require larger prospective cohort studies with a substantial patient population and extended long follow-up to validate.

Cost-effectiveness and economic growth potential evaluation of olive pomace gasification process to sustainable fuel: Comparison study of different gasifying agent

This research addresses the growing global demand for sustainable and renewable energy solutions, focusing on biomass gasification (BG) as a promising avenue. Olive pomace is explored as a primary feedstock, assessing its potential as a plentiful and renewable energy source. The study aims to bridge existing gaps in the literature, particularly in the simultaneous and comparative examination of CO2, steam, and air as traditional gasifying agents. Utilizing Aspen Plus, a validated simulation tool, the research models the gasification process (GP) while considering key parameters such as gasifying agent, feed composition, and temperature. Through meticulous simulation and validation against experimental data, the goal is to develop a robust model tailored for gasification. A thorough sensitivity analysis evaluates critical parameters' impact on exergy efficiency, levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH), and molar flow of hydrogen (H2). Parameters include temperature variations (600°C to 1000°C), equivalence ratio (ER) for the air agent (0.15–0.3), C/CO2 ratio for the CO2 agent (1–2.5), and SBR for the steam agent (0.5–2). The aim is to provide a nuanced understanding of these parameters and their influence on system performance, offering valuable insights for process optimization. The response surface methodology is employed to optimize critical parameters for distinct gasification agents, aiming to identify the most economically efficient agent. The study's findings are crucial for enhancing BG efficiency and developing sustainable energy systems. An economic evaluation underscores the cost-effectiveness of the GP, emphasizing its potential for economic growth in the renewable energy sector and long-term savings. In the concluding phase, optimization of the GP aimed at minimizing LCOH and maximizing molar flow of H2 and exergy efficiency was conducted. Upon scrutinizing the optimization results, a compelling conclusion arose: The steam agent emerged as the most suitable, with 48% exergy efficiency, 1.77 €/kg LCOH, and an optimal temperature of 884°C. Notably, steam showcased remarkable exergy efficiency, even when subjected to lower temperatures, positioning it as a superior choice.

Investigation into potential TEC changes due to 9 seismic tremors of 2021–2022

This research document delves into the analysis of alterations in Total Electron Content (TEC) as identified through GPS observations leading up to nine earthquakes that transpired between the late months of 2021 and 2022. The comprehensive study investigates the TEC variations and provides a detailed examination of heat maps centred around the earthquake epicentres. These heat maps, characterized by diverse latitudes and longitudes, play a pivotal role in validating the precise locations of the earthquake epicentres. Notably, the examination of these maps unveils discernible GPS TEC variations several days before the occurrence of each earthquake. In addition to the TEC analysis, the research sheds light on the fluctuations in solar magnetic parameters. The study elucidates instances where TEC peaks surpassed normal values, particularly during periods characterized by minimal solar radiation effects. This correlation between solar magnetic parameters and TEC fluctuations adds a nuanced layer to the understanding of the complex interplay of factors leading to seismic events. The cumulative findings derived from the investigation point towards a compelling conclusion: GPS TEC observations and the analysis of heat maps serve as indispensable indicators for identifying precursory signs that precede an impending earthquake. This multidimensional approach enhances our comprehension of the temporal and spatial aspects of seismic activity and underscores the potential significance of solar magnetic parameters in influencing such geophysical events.

Three-dimensional modelling of maximum fluid load on horizontally rotating cylinder

It is a well-known fact that when a rod coated with a viscous liquid such as honey is rotated at a sufficiently high speed, the liquid will stop draining. However, when the liquid is left on the rod for a sufficiently long time, fluid will accumulate in bands around the cylinder. When these bands reach a sufficiently large amplitude, the fluid will drain from the rod. While previous literature has explored the formation and growth of these bands, none has explored the conditions under which the fluid in these bands will drain. In this paper, we make use of linear stability analysis to find the growth rate of the band and hence, the time taken for the band to reach the critical amplitude before draining occurs. We verify this approximation with full 3D simulations. Afterwards, this is used to plot a phase plot to identify if the fluid is draining at a specific point in time. We come to the compelling conclusion that the inevitable formation of bands on the rod will invariably lead to fluid drainage. This has important implications for rolling-coating operations where a uniform fluid coating is required as the coating will need to be complete before the fluid accumulates in bands.

Systematic and unsystematic determinants of liquidity risk in the Islamic banks in the middle east

Liquidity risk (LR) is a concern in Islamic banks and may lead to major problems if not managed appropriately and planned, due to the lack of external liquidity sources for Islamic banks. However, the purpose of this article is to look at the factors that affect liquidity risk in Middle Eastern Islamic banks. To arrive at a substantial and compelling conclusion, the cross-sectional data from 30 Islamic banks was gathered between 2011 and 2022. The random effect regression model, GMM, and fixed effect regression model were all utilized. According to the report, Islamic banks in the Middle East have safe levels of liquidity. It also demonstrates how the financing-to-deposit ratio, inflation, economic growth, and return on assets all have a favorable impact on Islamic banks' liquidity risks. Furthermore, the study discovered that non-performing financing, capital sufficiency, operational effectiveness, and scale had no bearing on the liquidity issues associated with Islamic banks. This paper provided guidance regarding liquidity risk management procedures and systems in Islamic banks in order to design banking liquidity risk management policies. To avoid liquidity risks in Islamic banks, the optimal level of financing to deposit ratio must be determined, maintaining the quality of financing, reducing the non-performing loan ratio to the lowest possible level, and enabling Islamic banks to benefit from the central bank as a last resort for liquidity.

Comparing the RSA and elgamal encryption methods

In the realm of computer science, the speed and efficiency of data processing vary depending on the chosen algorithms and programming languages. This article delves into an exploration of which combinations can yield the highest overall performance. Starting with an introduction to the selected algorithms and languages, the underlying mathematical foundations and principles of each algorithm are presented. The research then shifts its focus to the practical aspect translating these algorithms into executable code. Three specific combinations are tested: RSA algorithm implemented in Python, Elgamal algorithm implemented in Python, and RSA algorithm executed in C++. To ensure reliable results, each combination underwent 30 test iterations, with empirical data subsequently gathered. Two primary comparisons were conducted: the first pitting the Python-based RSA against the Python-based Elgamal, and the second contrasting the Python-based RSA with its C++ counterpart. From these tests, a compelling conclusion emerges. When it comes to transmitting encrypted messages and subsequently decrypting them, the RSA algorithm paired with Python emerges as the most optimal choice. Readers will gain a deeper understanding of the strengths and potential limitations of each pairing, equipping them to make more informed decisions in their cryptographic endeavors.

‘The rain soaked sky is leaden’: Welsh Identity and Dystopian Impulses inThe Doctor of Myddfai

AbstractThe Doctor of Myddfai(1995), Peter Maxwell Davies's third full-scale opera and his first collaboration with David Pountney, is a work that occupies an important position within the composer's output for the opera house and theatre. However, whereas a significant amount of scholarly attention has been afforded to Davies's music-theatre works of the 1960s and the operasTaverner(1962–8) andResurrection(1986–7),The Doctor of Myddfaihas been somewhat neglected by comparison. This article examines the opera from two perspectives. The first addresses the work's dystopian setting and argues that key issues highlighted in the libretto – especially in relation to certain political concerns and environmental anxieties – have a strong contemporary resonance. The second focuses on the opera's articulation of Welsh identity, particularly through the use of Welsh folklore, native landscape and place, and indigenous musical signifiers. The intersection of these two elements – the work's celebration of Welshness and its dystopian qualities – imbues the opera with an intrinsic yet highly productive sense of tension and opposition: characteristics that drive the work towards its compelling conclusion.

Environmental DNA: State-of-the-art of its application for fisheries assessment in marine environments

Fisheries management involves a broad and complex set of tasks that are necessary to prevent overfishing and to help the recovery of overfished stock. Monitoring fishing activities based on two main sources, landings data and scientific surveys, is a challenging task. Fisheries collection data is often limited, which compromises the accuracy of the results obtained. Therefore, several emerging applications of molecular methods have the potential to provide unique understanding of ecological processes in marine environments and to build stronger empirical underpinnings for the Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a complex mixture of genetic material shed by those organisms that inhabit a given environment, whereby DNA is extracted from an environmental sample without accessing the target organism. eDNA studies can be categorized into two main approaches, i) eDNA metabarcoding or semi-targeted (community) approaches and ii) species-specific or targeted approaches (single). Although both categories are often discussed, they differ drastically in their methodology, interpretations and accuracy. Both approaches involve a series of steps that include eDNA capture, preservation, extraction and amplification. This detection will depend on the affinity to the targeted taxa sequences and completeness and accuracy of DNA reference collection databases. The eDNA method applied in marine environments are probably the most challenging aquatic environments for applying this technique. This is because of the extreme relationship between water-volume to biomass, dynamics and the physical and chemical properties of seawater that affect dispersion, dilution and preservation. Here, we review the present application of this novel method in fishery assessment in marine environments. To date, many studies suggest that this method offers the potential to revolutionize fisheries monitoring, which will contribute to improving the range of tasks involved in fisheries management. The compelling conclusion is that the methodological steps including in eDNA surveys should be standardized and that research efforts should focus on developing appropriately validated tests to address environmental and sampling factors that may affect eDNA detection in marine environments in order to draw reliable conclusions. This bioassessment tool can assist fisheries professionals in achieve their research, management, and conservation objectives, but not as a replacement for time-proven assessment methods.

Global Perspectives on Orchestras: Collective Creativity and Social Agency

Global Perspectives on Orchestras: Collective Creativity and Social Agency

Nesantuokinių vaikų motinos Vilniaus dekanate XVIII a.: socialinis statusas ir geografinė kilmė

MOTHERS OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY VILNIUS DEANERY: SOCIAL STATUS AND GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN This article explores the mothers of illegitimate children in the eighteenth-century Vilnius deanery from a perspective of historical demography. While historians in the Western world have produced many studies focused on the phenomenon of illegitimacy, the Lithuanian scientists have not done much in exploring illegitimacy in early modern Vilnius. This article is one of the first attempts to explore illegitimacy and its patterns of historical demography by paying attention to the women who had children outside the wedlock. The analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers firstly revealed the mystery of illegitimate maternities: while we do not have any information about at least a quarter of these mothers’ social and geographical origin, this issue reveals the dominant negative attitude towards these women at the time. Collected data from parish books led to the anticipated conclusion that the majority of mothers had lower social status, although some of them were part of the nobility. The analysis of given surnames of these mothers showed that the majority of them were unmarried. This fact suggests that for some mothers their illegitimate pregnancy was the first pregnancy. While the scarcity of sources limits our knowledge about the social circumstances of illegitimate births, the analysis of given surnames of these mothers, combined with other sources, leads to a likely conclusion that illegitimate births could occur as a product of failed promises of marriage, sexual violence or adultery. The analysis of mothers’ geographical background showed that the majority of them belonged to parishes where they chose to baptize their illegitimate children. While there is a possibility that some of these women received help from the fathers or relatives, the author of this article argues that the research findings demonstrate the lack of social and economic support of mothers rather than community acceptance and tolerance towards these women. A minority of the mothers were from distant places and this data allowed the author to form a compelling conclusion that some women, due to the lack of support, were forced to seek better opportunities in other parishes. Keywords: mothers of illegitimate children, illegitimate children, social status, geographical origin, the eighteenth century, Vilnius deanery.

Incalculably Diffusive

Incalculably Diffusive

The Nature of the Page: Poetry, Papermaking, and the Ecology of Texts in Renaissance England by Joshua Calhoun

Reviewed by: The Nature of the Page: Poetry, Papermaking, and the Ecology of Texts in Renaissance England by Joshua Calhoun Maral Attar-Zadeh Joshua Calhoun, The Nature of the Page: Poetry, Papermaking, and the Ecology of Texts in Renaissance England (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020), 288 pp., 30 ills. As he meditates on an old Bible, the narrator of Henry Vaughan's "The Book" (1655) has strange and beautiful visions: he imagines the lives of the plants, animals, and humans who have contributed to the material making up the book––the boards and the sheepskin, the rags and linen that were recycled into paper for its pages––and then imagines these same creatures resurrected in the afterlife, trees and sheep restored alongside with men. These visions reveal the old book to be not just a textual object but also an ecological meeting place, embedded in natural cycles of creation and corruption. This is a manner of looking and reading, a way of telling "natural" stories about the "cultural" artifact of the book, which Joshua Calhoun has taken up in his new book, The Nature of the Page: Poetry, Papermaking, and the Ecology of Texts in Renaissance England. With early modern handmade paper as his "marvelous but flawed protagonist" (8), Calhoun tells a story about bibliographic innovation, production, use, and decay in which human and nonhuman agency are always entangled, where the materiality of texts does not recede in the process of literary analysis but rather opens up new poetic and interpretative possibilities. Two main lines of argument emerge from this narrative: first, that the historical readers of Renaissance books––including Shakespeare, Donne, and the translators of the King James Bible––had a fuller understanding of the natural origins of their books and of bookmaking practices, and developed a poetics of paper that was rooted in, and referred back to, the very material on which it was written; and second, that recovering the aesthetics of paper production, quality, and decay draws from and brings into dialogue contemporary debates in the fields of book history and ecocriticism, constituting an "ecology of texts"—what Calhoun calls "a necessary and timely extension" of D. F. Mackenzie's sociology of texts (19). The book is organized into two parts: "Legible Ecologies" and "Indistinct Ecologies." In the first chapter, Calhoun sketches out a history of paper with a special emphasis on material scarcity, the movement of ideas and resources, and the human and ecological cost of the push for increasingly cheaper means of paper production. Chapter 2 is centered on "The Book," exploring Vaughan's "palimpsestic reading strategy," which allowed him to attend to the traces of plant, animal, and human life in a book––visible on the surface of the page as pieces of unprocessed linen or embedded hair, and in its text as metaphors with "vegetable origins" (80). The fascinating third chapter considers blots in early modern books––and one in particular, in a Folger Library copy of 2 Henry IV––as "accidentals": not just accidents but drawing the eye and supplementing the meaning of the text, changing the color and timbre of the reading as a musical [End Page 227] accidental would. The second part of the chapter dwells on the language of blotting and erasure in the King James Bible, exploring how the coexistence of parchment (which could be razed) and paper (which had to be blotted) in this period contributed to the formation of two competing aesthetics of error and correction, two theological models for the forgiveness of sins. Chapter 4, "Sizing Matters," focuses on animal sizing, a mostly invisible and often overlooked part of early modern bookmaking. As with the previous case studies, the chapter brings the poetic tropes referring to this aspect of the book's ecological makeup together with a material history of sizing practices. From this ecopoetic investigation, Calhoun draws a surprising and compelling conclusion about the effect of sizing on historical book use and rates of book survival—as opposed to the intuitive and widely accepted view that books that were most heavily used and annotated would be most vulnerable to decay and less likely to survive, he suggests that the presence and quality of...

Does a sum of toxic units exceeding 1 imply adverse impacts on macroinvertebrate assemblages? A field study in a northern Japanese river receiving treated mine discharge.

In ecological risk assessment, sum-of-toxic-unit approaches based on measured water quality factors such as trace metals are used to infer ecological impacts in the environment. However, it is uncertain whether the use of such approaches yields accurate risk predictions. To address this issue, we investigated and compared (1) water quality, including trace metals, and (2) benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a northern Japanese river receiving treated discharge from an abandoned mine and in a nearby reference river. As a sum-of-toxic-unit approach, we employed a cumulative criterion unit (CCU), namely, the sum of the ratios of the dissolved concentrations of a metal (Cu, Zn, Cd, or Pb) divided by the US Environmental Protection Agency hardness-adjusted environmental water quality criterion for that metal. Compared with the reference sites, at the metal-contaminated sites, the richness, abundance, and structure of macroinvertebrate communities were little affected, with CCUs of 1.7 to 7.4, suggesting that CCU values exceeding 1 do not always indicate marked adverse impacts on these metrics. Further study is still required to derive a more compelling conclusion on the generally applicable relationships between CCUs and ecological impacts on river invertebrates. This would lead to better ecological risk assessments based on sum-of-toxic-unit approaches.

High performance work practices and their associations with health, happiness and relational well-being: are there any tradeoffs?

Employee well-being is a multidimensional construct, hence high performance work practices (HPWPs) may have diverse effects on its various dimensions. However, extant research does not provide any compelling conclusion regarding the possibility of such tradeoff effects since researchers have usually focused on single well-being dimensions while using diverse research designs (e.g. samples from different countries, different conceptualizations and measures of HPWPs and employee well-being). Diversely, this paper explores the relationship between employees’ perception of HPWPs and three well-being dimensions (health, happiness, and relational well-being) using a probabilistic sample (n = 1,364 employees), from a single country (i.e. Germany), and a set of uniform measures of HPWPs and employee well-being. The findings show that some HPWPs indeed present tradeoff effects on different dimensions of employee well-being. Therefore, we argue that it is necessary to adopt an analytic view on the relationships between HPWPs and employee well-being.

Editors Note: Your Article Benefits From A Compelling Conclusion

In this era of Internet-based, open-access journals, the careful construction of a powerful conclusion section is vital to publishing an influential and highly cited paper. The most compelling opening paragraphs for the conclusion section clearly provides: (i) the overarching question that the study is trying to answer; (ii) a simplified statement about the method used to gather evidence; (iii) an unambiguously clear answer to the research question; (iv) a paragraph about why we as a community should care about these results; and (v) a specific listing of what the next fruitful steps are needed by the broader research community. By following this simply five-step formula, authors are much more likely to provide readers—and peer reviewers—with a compelling conclusion section that results in a more frequently cited and widely influential paper.

Remember Little Rock by Erin Krutko Devlin

Reviewed by: Remember Little Rock by Erin Krutko Devlin Adrienne Chudzinski (bio) Remember Little Rock. By Erin Krutko Devlin. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2017. Pp. xi, 242. $90.00 cloth; $28.95 paper) Focusing much needed attention on public memories of the 1957 desegregation crisis at Little Rock's Central High School, Erin Krutko Devlin's Remember Little Rock serves as a powerful reminder of the contemporary limits of civil rights-era achievements. In five well-paced chapters and a conclusion, Remember Little Rock chronicles the afterlife of integration at Central High as it played out locally in Arkansas and in various political, social, and legal realms throughout the United States. Devlin argues that a "triumphal narrative of passive progress" dominates public memories of the civil rights era (p. 3). This narrative, Devlin explains, has important political and legal implications as it effectively masks the nation's enduring problems of racial injustice and inequality and gives the false impression that the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision has been successfully implemented in school districts throughout the United States. Devlin begins the important work of dismantling this celebratory narrative by pointing out key distinctions in the meaning of "successful integration" as defined by southern school administrators and civil rights activists. Using Superintendent Virgil T. Blossom's It HAS Happened Here (1959) and local NAACP leader Daisy Bates's The Long Shadow of Little Rock (1962) as lenses into the desegregation crisis, Devlin reveals a pattern of "passive resistance" among local school administrators (p. 20). Unlike those who joined the campaign of massive resistance and protested vocally in front schools selected [End Page 133] for integration, Blossom and other administrators worked to curb the scale and scope of desegregation by meeting minimal compliance guidelines and by discouraging African American students from participating in the voluntary transfer programs that initially facilitated integration. Remember Little Rock expands its focus to policy decisions related to education and equality at the state and federal levels. During the debates over the constitutionality of busing in the 1970s, activists invoked imagery associated with the Little Rock Nine "to draw historical parallels between the events of 1957 and 1974" (p. 51). Yet, with this and other instances of civil rights activism to follow, critics attempted to challenge or minimize the connection to past battles over inequality, and instead, emphasize the progress that had been since the passage of Brown. This narrative of "passive" (i.e. in the past) progress, Devlin persuasively argues, has allowed many to envision cotemporary inequality as a new struggle unrelated to the civil rights activism of the late 1950s and early 1960s (p. 47). At times, Devlin explains, this limited understanding of the Little Rock crisis and the larger civil rights movement bled into books and films about the contentious struggle to integrate Central High. Though books and televised films like Crisis at Central (1981) brought the story of integration effort to national audiences, they were narrated from the perspective of whites; reflections of the actual Little Rock Nine were conspicuously absent. By focusing attention on the actual students who helped to integrate Central High, Remember Little Rock sheds light on these fundamental perspectives of the 1957 crisis. Yet, Devlin misses an important opportunity to assess public remembrance of the event by failing to discuss public appearances of the Little Rock Nine and the students who once opposed their presence at Central High. Also absent is discussion of the "reconciliation" photograph and meetings of Elizabeth Eckford (one of the Little Rock Nine) and Hazel Bryan Massery (a white student who protested integration) that marked the 40th anniversary of desegregation at Central High. Given Devlin's attention to the progressive celebratory narrative of the [End Page 134] integration crisis along with her discussion of Eckford's hesitance to participate in ceremonies commemorating the event, it is surprising that these tensions were left unexplored. Yet these omissions should not detract from the larger significance of Remember Little Rock. In a compelling conclusion, Delvin presents the Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site as a space that exists "at the intersection between public memory and educational policy" (p. 179). Because this site also serves as...

Supply chain - a service delivery enhancement or an impediment

Supply chain management in the Republic of South Africa is a cause for concern. The Auditor General South Africa, year in and year out, raises corruption fears emanating from supply chain. The Public Protector, Special Investigation Unit and National Prosecuting Authority also lamented government officials flouting supply chain procedures for their own enrichment. Supply chain management enhanced service delivery by procuring quality goods and services transparently and cost effectively. Paradoxically, often than not, the same supply chain is perceived to be actually halting service delivery because of the collusion between corrupt individuals in the system and those in the civil society and the private sector. Case studies employed drew primary and secondary data from documented sources to validate the argument whether supply chain enhanced or impeded service delivery and thus informed response mechanism and compelling conclusion. The study analysed supply chain case studies and determined at the end that supply chain enhanced service delivery, but impeded in the way it was implemented.

Voluntary simplicity strongly backed by all three main normative-ethical traditions

We examine the growing ‘Voluntary Simplicity’ (VS) movement from the perspectives of Utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, and Virtue Ethics. We argue that, from each of these three diverse perspectives, there is a compelling argument to the conclusion that citizens of the ‘developed’ world ought to embrace such simplicity in their own lives, and to facilitate its greater adoption societally and globally. We conclude by asking why it is that this compelling conclusion has not already been more widely found and acted upon. In reflecting on this question we outline some arguments for why a culture of voluntary simplicity may be needed to drive political and macroeconomic change.

Dihydrofolate reductase and membrane translocation: evolution of a classic experiment: Classic landmark papers, irrespective of their age, can teach students how best science is practiced and inspire new experiments.

Any PhD student or postdoc, who scrambles to write and submit a publication before getting scooped, can testify that science is a fast‐moving endeavor. Given our limited time and the ever‐increasing pace with which scientific studies are published, few students and postdocs—and PIs as a matter of fact—have time to keep up with the literature. “Reading” a manuscript often means just skimming through the abstract, having a quick glimpse at the figures and searching the PDF file for keywords of immediate interest. Notwithstanding these constraints, I would argue that the scientific literature is a treasure trove of information and ideas that go beyond contemporary papers to include classical publications. However, it can be difficult to motivate students and postdocs to read old landmark publications that reported groundbreaking discoveries and opened up new avenues of research. Many think that these papers are of merely historic interest and have little to contribute to scientists expected to use cutting‐edge methods to produce high‐impact publications. > Reading a manuscript often means just skimming through the abstract, having a quick glimpse at the figures and searching the PDF file for keywords of immediate interest. However, classic papers still have a lot to offer. For once, they withstood the test of the time, as the reported results have shown to be correct and reproducible. This is unfortunately not the case for many high‐impact publications today, which, owing to the hype of selling it to the highest impact factor journal, just tell a cool story that in reality may be much less clear‐cut than reported. Furthermore, classic scientific publications often impress by a conceptual clarity and in many cases simplicity and thereby offer valuable lessons of how best science should be practiced. These are qualities I miss in many of today's papers that contain exceedingly large data sets …