Compatible Pairs Research Articles

Nuclear compensatory evolution driven by mito-nuclear incompatibilities

Mitochondrial function relies on the coordinated expression of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, exhibiting remarkable resilience despite high mitochondrial mutation rates. The nuclear compensation mechanism suggests deleterious mitochondrial alleles drive compensatory nuclear mutations to preserve mito-nuclear compatibility. However, prevalence and factors conditioning this phenomenon remain debated due to its conflicting evidence. Here, we investigate how mito-nuclear incompatibilities impact substitutions in a model for species radiation. Mating success depends on genetic compatibility (nuclear DNA) and spatial proximity. Populations evolve from partially compatible mito-nuclear states, simulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) introgression. Mutations do not confer advantages nor disadvantages, but individual fecundity declines with increasing incompatibilities, selecting for mito-nuclear coordination. We find that selection for mito-nuclear compatibility affects each genome differently based on their initial state. In compatible gene pairs, selection reduces substitutions in both genomes, while in incompatible nuclear genes, it consistently promotes compensation, facilitated by more mismatches. Interestingly, high mitochondrial mutation rates can reduce nuclear compensation by increasing mtDNA rectification, while substitutions in initially compatible nuclear gene are boosted. Finally, the presence of incompatibilities accelerates species radiation, but equilibrium richness is not directly correlated to substitution rates, revealing the complex dynamics triggered by mitochondrial introgression and mito-nuclear coevolution. Our study provides a perspective on nuclear compensation and the role of mito-nuclear incompatibilities in speciation by exploring extreme scenarios and identifying trends that empirical data alone cannot reveal. We emphasize the challenges in detecting these dynamics and propose analyzing specific genomic signatures could shed light on this evolutionary process.

Compatible weak factorization systems and model structures

In this paper, the concept of compatible weak factorization systems in general categories is introduced as a counterpart of compatible complete cotorsion pairs in abelian categories. We describe a method to construct model structures on general categories via two compatible weak factorization systems satisfying certain conditions, and hence, generalize a very useful result by Gillespie for abelian model structures. As particular examples, we show that weak factorization systems associated to some classical model structures (for example, the Kan-Quillen model structure on sSet) satisfy these conditions.

On the Parameterized Complexity of Compact Set Packing

The Set Packing problem is, given a collection of sets S\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {S}$$\\end{document} over a ground set U, to find a maximum collection of sets that are pairwise disjoint. The problem is among the most fundamental NP-hard optimization problems that have been studied extensively in various computational regimes. The focus of this work is on parameterized complexity, Parameterized Set Packing (PSP): Given parameter r∈N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$r \\in {\\mathbb N}$$\\end{document}, is there a collection S′⊆S:|S′|=r\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal {S}' \\subseteq \\mathcal {S}: |\\mathcal {S}'| = r$$\\end{document} such that the sets in S′\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal {S}'$$\\end{document} are pairwise disjoint? Unfortunately, the problem is not fixed parameter tractable unless W[1]=FPT\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\ extsf {W[1]} = \ extsf {FPT} $$\\end{document}, and, in fact, an “enumerative” running time of |S|Ω(r)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|\\mathcal {S}|^{\\Omega (r)}$$\\end{document} is required unless the exponential time hypothesis (ETH) fails. This paper is a quest for tractable instances of Set Packing from parameterized complexity perspectives. We say that the input (U,S)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$({U},\\mathcal {S})$$\\end{document} is “compact” if |U|=f(r)·poly(log|S|)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|{U}| = f(r)\\cdot \ extsf {poly} ( \\log |\\mathcal {S}|)$$\\end{document}, for some f(r)≥r\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$f(r) \\ge r$$\\end{document}. In the Compact PSP problem, we are given a compact instance of PSP. In this direction, we present a “dichotomy” result of PSP: When |U|=f(r)·o(log|S|)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|{U}| = f(r)\\cdot o(\\log |\\mathcal {S}|)$$\\end{document}, PSP is in FPT, while for |U|=r·Θ(log(|S|))\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|{U}| = r\\cdot \\Theta (\\log (|\\mathcal {S}|))$$\\end{document}, the problem is W[1]-hard; moreover, assuming ETH, Compact PSP does not admit |S|o(r/logr)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|\\mathcal {S}|^{o(r/\\log r)}$$\\end{document} time algorithm even when |U|=r·Θ(log(|S|))\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|{U}| = r\\cdot \\Theta (\\log (|\\mathcal {S}|))$$\\end{document}. Although certain results in the literature imply hardness of compact versions of related problems such as Setr\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$r$$\\end{document}-Covering and Exactr\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$r$$\\end{document}-Covering, these constructions fail to extend to Compact PSP. A novel contribution of our work is the identification and construction of a gadget, which we call Compatible Intersecting Set System pair, that is crucial in obtaining the hardness result for Compact PSP. Finally, our framework can be extended to obtain improved running time lower bounds for Compactr\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$r$$\\end{document}-VectorSum.

Probing the nucleobase selectivity of RNA polymerases with dual-coding substrates

Formycin A (FOR) and Pyrazofurin A (PYR) are nucleoside analogues with antiviral and antitumor properties. They are known to interfere with nucleic acid metabolism, but their direct effect on transcription is less understood. We explored how RNA polymerases (RNAPs) from bacteria, mitochondria, and viruses utilize FOR, PYR, and oxidized purine nucleotides. All tested polymerases incorporated FOR in place of adenine and PYR in place of uridine. FOR also exhibited surprising dual-coding behavior, functioning as a cytosine substitute, particularly for viral RNAP. In contrast, 8-oxoadenine and 8-oxoguanine were incorporated in place of uridine in addition to their canonical Watson-Crick codings. Our data suggest that the interconversion of canonical anti- and alternative syn-conformers underlies dual-coding abilities of FOR and oxidized purines. Structurally distinct RNAPs displayed varying abilities to utilize syn-conformers during transcription. By examining base pairings that led to substrate incorporation and the entire spectrum of geometrically compatible pairings, we have gained new insights into the nucleobase selection processes employed by structurally diverse RNAPs. These insights may pave the way for advancements in antiviral therapies.

Impact of single centre kidney-exchange transplantation to increase living donor pool in India: A cohort study involving non-anonymous allocation.

In India, 85% of organ donations are from living donors and 15% are from deceased donors. One-third of living donors were rejected because of ABO or HLA incompatibility. Kidney exchange transplantation (KET) is a cost-effective and legal strategy to increase living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) by 25%-35%. We report our experience with 539 KET cases and the evolution of a single-centre program to increase the use of LDKT. Between January 2000 and 13 March, 2024, 1382 deceased donor kidney transplantations and 5346 LDKT were performed at our centre, including 10% (n = 539) from KET. Of the 539 KET, 80.9% (n = 436) were ABO incompatible pairs, 11.1% (n = 60) were compatible pairs, and 8% (n = 43) were sensitized pairs. There were 75% 2-way (n = 2 × 202 = 404), 16.2% 3-way (n = 3 × 29 = 87), 3% 4-way (n = 4 × 4 = 16), 1.8% 5-way (n = 5 × 2 = 10), 2.2% 6-way (n = 6 × 2 = 12), and 1.8% 10-way KET (n = 10 × 1 = 10). Of the recipients 81.2% (n = 438) were male and 18.8% (n = 101) were female, while of the donors, 78.5% (n = 423) were female and 21.5% (n = 116) were male. All donors were near relatives; wives (54%, n = 291) and mothers (20%, n = 108) were the most common donors. At a median follow-up of 8.2 years, patient survival, death censored graft survival, acute rejection, and median serum creatinine levels of functioning grafts were 81.63% (n = 440), 91% (n = 494), 9.8% (n = 53) and 1.3 mg/dL respectively. We credited the success to maintaining a registry of incompatible pairs, high-volume LDKT programs, non-anonymous allocation and teamwork. This is the largest single-centre KET program in Asia. We report the challenges and solutions to replicate our success in other KET programs.

Automatic imitation is modulated by stimulus clarity but not by animacy

Observing actions evokes an automatic imitative response that activates mechanisms required to execute these actions. Automatic imitation is measured using the Stimulus Response Compatibility (SRC) task, which presents participants with compatible and incompatible prompt-distractor pairs. Automatic imitation, or the compatibility effect, is the difference in response times (RTs) between incompatible and compatible trials. Past results suggest that an action’s animacy affects automatic imitation: human-produced actions evoke larger effects than computer-generated actions. However, it appears that animacy effects occur mostly when non-human stimuli are less complex or less clear. Theoretical accounts make conflicting predictions regarding both stimulus manipulations. We conducted two SRC experiments that presented participants with an animacy manipulation (human and computer-generated stimuli, Experiment 1) and a clarity manipulation (stimuli with varying visual clarity using Gaussian blurring, Experiments 1 and 2) to tease apart effect of these manipulations. Participants in Experiment 1 responded slower for incompatible than for compatible trials, showing a compatibility effect. Experiment 1 found a null effect of animacy, but stimuli with lower visual clarity evoked smaller compatibility effects. Experiment 2 modulated clarity in five steps and reports decreasing compatibility effects for stimuli with lower clarity. Clarity, but not animacy, therefore affected automatic imitation, and theoretical implications and future directions are considered.

Protease-Driven Phase Separation of Elastin-Like Polypeptides.

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are a promising material platform for engineering stimuli-responsive biomaterials, as ELPs undergo phase separation above a tunable transition temperature. ELPs with phase behavior that is isothermally regulated by biological stimuli remain attractive for applications in biological systems. Herein, we report protease-driven phase separation of ELPs. Protease-responsive "cleavable" ELPs comprise a hydrophobic ELP block connected to a hydrophilic ELP block by a protease cleavage site linker. The hydrophilic ELP block acts as a solubility tag for the hydrophobic ELP block, creating a temperature window in which the cleavable ELP reactant is soluble and the proteolytically generated hydrophobic ELP block is insoluble. Within this temperature window, isothermal, protease-driven phase separation occurs when a critical concentration of hydrophobic cleavage product accumulates. Furthermore, protease-driven phase separation is generalizable to four compatible protease-cleavable ELP pairings. This work presents exciting opportunities to regulate ELP phase behavior in biological systems using proteases.

Research on the adhesion mechanism and compatibility of acrylate composite polyurethane binder − aggregate based on surface free energy theory

The raw materials selection and design of waterproof polymer concrete for steel bridge deck paving lack clarity regarding the adhesion mechanism and optimal compatibility between acrylate composite polyurethane binder (APUB) and various aggregates. This study systematically investigates these issues based on surface free energy (SFE) theory. Initially, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques are utilized to characterize chemical structure of APUB. Subsequently, obtaining the SFE parameters of APUB and aggregates through contact angle tests, and establishing the evaluation indices compatibility ratios ERs (ER1 and ER2) for the most compatible APUB-aggregate pairs. Finally, the correlation between ERs and the water stability of the APUB-aggregate pair is verified through shear tests conducted on sandwich specimens immersed in water. The findings reveal that APUB exhibits both acidic and non-polar surface properties. The SFE values of all aggregates surpasses that of APUB, indicating APUB's ability to wet the surfaces of all aggregates. Under dry conditions, non-polar basalt and limestone aggregates exhibit strong adhesion to APUB. This is primarily due to the combined effects of acid-base chemical reactions and the principle of compatibility, with the former predominating. Under wet conditions, APUB on non-polar basalt and limestone surfaces exhibits reduced susceptibility to displacement and detachment by water. The closer the polarity component of polar aggregates is to that of water, the easier water can displace APUB from the polar aggregate surfaces. Correlation analysis between the maximum shear force of the immersed specimens and the ER2 indicates that the APUB-basalt pair has the best compatibility. The cohesive work of APUB is crucial in establishing compatibility indicators for evaluating APUB-aggregate pairs. This study provides a theoretical basis for the raw material selection and design of polymer concrete for steel bridge deck paving.

New compatible pair of TCM: Paeoniae Radix Alba effectively alleviate Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation

ObjectiveDrug-induced liver injury (DILI), a type of acute inflammation, has sparked significant concern owing to its unpredictability and severity. Psoraleae Fructus (PF), an edible Chinese herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), causes liver injury. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanism underlying PF-induced liver injury and the search for more effective means of detoxification using herbal compatibility has become an urgent issue. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA), a hepatoprotective Chinese medicine, on PF-induced liver injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. MethodsA rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune stress was established to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of PF and the detoxifying effect of PRA. Subsequently, inflammatory pathways were identified using network pharmacology. Finally, the molecular mechanism by which PRA alleviates PF-induced liver injury was validated using an inflammasome activation model in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). ResultsIn vivo, hepatocytes in rats treated with LPS + PF exhibited massive inflammatory infiltration and apoptosis, and the expression of liver injury indicators and inflammatory factors was significantly upregulated, which was reversed by PRA pretreatment. Network pharmacology showed that PRA alleviated PF-induced liver injury and was associated with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, PF directly induced inflammasome activation in LPS-primed BMDMs which in turn induced caspase-1 activation and the secretion of downstream effector cytokines such as IL-1β. PRA pretreatment inhibited PF-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by mitigating the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that PRA alleviated PF induced-liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results of this study are expected to inform the prevention and control of PF-induced hepatotoxicity in clinical practice.

Compatible Pairs of Dubrovin–Novikov Poisson Brackets and Lagrangian Representations of Integrable Hierarchies

Compatible Pairs of Dubrovin–Novikov Poisson Brackets and Lagrangian Representations of Integrable Hierarchies

Liver paired exchange: A US single-center experience-Pairs, chains, and use of compatible pairs.

In the United States, the discrepancy between organ availability and need has persisted despite changes in allocation, innovations in preservation, and policy initiatives. Living donor liver transplant remains an underutilized means of improving access to timely liver transplantation and decreasing waitlist mortality. Liver paired exchange (LPE) represents an opportunity to overcome living donor liver transplant pair incompatibility due to size, anatomy, or blood type. LPE was adopted as a strategy to augment access to liver transplantation at our institution. Specific educational materials, consent forms, and selection processes were developed to facilitate LPE. From 2019 through October 2023, our center performed 11 LPEs, resulting in 23 living donor liver transplant pairs. The series included several types of LPE: those combining complementary incompatible pairs, the inclusion of compatible pairs to overcome incompatibility, and the use of altruistic nondirected donors to initiate chains. These exchanges facilitated transplantation for 23 recipients, including 1 pediatric patient. LPE improved access to liver transplantation at our institution. The ethical application of LPE includes tailored patient education, assessment and disclosure of exchange balance, mitigation of risk, and maximization of benefit for donors and recipients.

Self-Sorting of Interfacial Compatibility in MOF-Based Mixed Matrix Membranes.

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have shown great promises to overcome the performance upper limit of polymeric membranes for various gas separation processes. However, the gas separation properties of the MMMs largely depend on the MOF-polymer interfacial compatibility which is a metric difficult to quantify. In most cases, whether a MOF filler and a polymer matrix make a good pair is not revealed until the gas transport experiments are performed. This is because there is a lack of characterization techniques to directly probe the MOF-polymer interfacial compatibility. In this work, we demonstrate a self-sorting method to rank the interface compatibility among several MOF-polymer pairs. By mixing one MOF with two polymers in an MMM, the demixing of two polymers will form two polymer domains. The MOF particles will preferably partition into the "preferred" polymer domain due to their higher interfacial affinity. By scanning different polymer pairs, a rank of MOF-polymer interfacial compatibility from high to low can be obtained. Moreover, based on this ranking, it was also found that a highly compatible MOF-polymer pair suggested by this method also corresponds to a more predictable MMM gas separation performance.

Common Fixed Point Theorems for Mappings Satisfying (E.A)-Property on Cone Normed B-Metric Spaces

In this article, we demonstrate the conditions for the existence of common fixed points (CFP)theorems for four self-maps satisfying the common limit range (E.A)-property on cone normed B-metric spaces (CNBMS). Furthermore, we have an unique common fixed point for two weakly compatible (WC) pairings.

A numerical study attitude of compatibility in scintillator detectors through matching pair scintillator-photodiode materials

In a group of scintillator detectors where photodiodes have replaced photomultiplier tubes, one way to increase the efficiency of the device is proper matching between the radiation spectrum of the scintillator and the spectral sensitivity of the photodiode. This study seeks to find the most compatible pair of scintillators with photodiodes using the simulation of photodiodes in COMSOL Multiphysics. In this research, three scintillators NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), and Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO), along with three photodiodes silicon (Si) and gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP), have been studied to find the best compatible pair. Among the selected scintillators and photodiodes, the pair of Si with BGO produced the highest output current. Generating more current in a detector for constant input radiation means more sensitivity of that detector to the incident beam. In another part of this research, using the simulated photodiode in COMSOL Multiphysics, the current generated in the photodiode has been obtained for a fixed value of the ratio of the length of the photodiode to the junction depth of doping for various lengths. Then, using the Origin Pro software, the best curve corresponding to the data obtained from the simulation was determined. The results showed that these points coincide with an exponential curve with an excellent approximation. Using these types of detectors in the International Linear Collider (ILC) and in the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) field shows the unique applications of detectors.

Evaluating the role of caretaker‐rated personality traits for reproductive outcomes in a highly endangered Hawaiian corvid

AbstractPersonality studies are increasingly relevant and applicable to a broad range of conservation issues, including a role for selecting compatible mates in conservation breeding programs (CBPs). Choosing compatible breeding pairs is essential for maximizing reproductive success in CBPs, which provide assurance populations for species facing extinction and candidates for translocation to support wild populations. We investigated the value of caretaker‐assessed personality ratings of the critically endangered ‘Alalā (Hawaiian Crow, Corvus hawaiiensis) in predicting reproductive outcomes: nest quality, fertile egg production, and hatchability in the ‘Alalā CBP. Caretakers used well‐defined operational definitions to rate 22 personality traits for 69 male and 59 female ‘Alalā, achieving high inter‐rater agreement (ICC ≥ 0.85) for 8 traits – aggressive, bold/fearless, fearful, imprinted/abnormal, inept, submissive, territorial, and tendency to feather pluck (a stereotypic behavior) – used in a principal components analysis to distill intercorrelated variables into three principal components. While we did not find that personality influences nest quality or hatchability (based on limiting inferences to fixed effects with high relative importance scores; ≥0.8), we found some evidence that pairs with males that were more territorial/aggressive and fearful than their mates had a higher probability of egg fertilization, but there was substantial variability in this relationship, with confidence intervals overlapping zero. These personality traits may influence pair dynamics, enhancing compatibility, may predict better pair coordination on the nest, or both. Our results highlight the ability of caretakers to successfully identify ‘Alalā personality traits and provide some support for integrating personality into the pairing process; however, further research is needed to understand the value of ‘Alalā personality as a mate selection tool. The application of similar approaches to enhance CBP performance in other taxa is promising, but will require overcoming methodological challenges surrounding the complexity of data collection and interpretation of consistency among raters.

Common Fixed Points for Multiplicative Contractions in Multiplicative Metric Spaces

The study delves into multiplicative contractions, exploring the existence and uniqueness of common fixed points for a weakly compatible pair of mappings. Those mappings adhere to specific multiplicative contraction conditions characterized by exponents expressed as fraction multiplicative metric spaces. It is noted that a metric can induce a multiplicative metric, and conversely, a multiplicative metric can give a rise to a metric on a nonempty set. As an application, another proof of the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a multiplicative initial problem is given.

Learning by selective plasmid loss for intracellular synthetic classifiers

We propose a learning mechanism for intracellular synthetic genetic classifiers based on the selective elimination (curing) of plasmids bearing parts of the classifier circuit. Our focus is on a two-input, two-plasmid classifier scheme designed to solve a simple proof-of-concept learning problem. The problem is formulated in terms of Boolean variables, and the learning process boils down to selecting the classification rule from three options, given a set of training examples. We begin with a Boolean description of the classifier circuit, demonstrating how it implements the required learning algorithm. We then transition to a continuous steady-state model and establish conditions on its parameters to ensure that the learning process and the classifier output correspond to the Boolean description, at least approximately. The approach to intracellular classifier learning presented here essentially relies on two key prerequisites: (i) compatibility among the plasmids constituting the classifier, such that they have independent or weakly interacting copy number control systems, and (ii) conditional elimination mechanism in each plasmid triggered by a signal from the gene network. The feasibility of this approach is supported by recent experimental findings on engineering compatible pairs and triplets of plasmids and controlled selective plasmid curing. While learning by plasmid loss has certain limitations in universality, we anticipate that it provides greater persistence of a trained classifier to internal and external fluctuations and to degradation over time, as compared to alternative intracellular learning mechanisms outlined in the literature, such as based on gene network dynamics or on variable copy numbers of plasmids sharing a common copy number control system.

Evaluation of Intravenous Drug Incompatibilities in the Intensive Care Units of Mitiga Military Hospital and Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya

This study aimed to evaluate intravenous (IV) drug incompatibilities in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of Mitiga Military Hospital (MMH) and Tripoli University Hospital (TUH). It sought to gather data on the compatibility of the most commonly used drugs when infused through the same line. Additionally, it attempted to generate a compatibility drug chart with reliable and updated information to improve safety in the administration of drugs to critically-ill patients. This was a retrospective clinical study. Data were obtained from 200 prescriptions in the MICUs of MMH and TUH. The study focused on IV drugs routinely administered in the ICUs at the same time. Consideration was given to the variables of age, gender, total number of medications, total number of IV medications, as well as types of IV medications. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 26. Demographic findings showed that major age groups were (46-55), (56-65), (66-75) years, mean age was 61.61 years and 1.12:1 were male female ratio. Findings also revealed that, 6 IV drug pairs were categorized as drug incompatibilities out of 10. 11.5% of patients were given incompatible drug pairs, followed by 21% of patients who were given compatible pairs while 25.5% were given drug pairs with no confirmed data. The most frequent incompatible drug was Pantoprazole and the most frequent incompatible pair was Pantoprazole and Furosemide. In conclusion, the incidence of drug incompatibilities in ICUs was predominant. Pantoprazole, Furosemide and Meropenem were identified as the most frequent drugs involved in IV drug incompatibilities.

Coincidence and common fixed points for F-Contractive mappings

The purpose of this article is to establish the existence and uniqueness of coincidence and common fixed point of discontinuous non-compatible faintly compatible pair of self maps in non-complete metric space without using containment requirement of range space of involved maps satisfying Ciric type F-contraction and Hardy-Roger type F-contraction. Some illustrative examples associated with pictographic validations are provided to demonstrate the main results and to show the genuineness of our results. We consider the application of our results to the study of a two-point boundary value problem related to second order differential equation, solve the two-point boundary value problem of the second-order differential equation arising in electric circuit equation, and also apply our results to Volterra type integral equation using Ciric type F-contraction as well as Hardy Roger type F-contraction. Mathematics subject classification: 47H10; 54H25; 54E50

Estimation of the hourly solar radiation

Hybrid facility investments from renewable energy sources have increased in recent years. In general, solar power is the secondary energy source in hybrid systems. The reason why solar energy is most commonly used in hybrid power systems is that it is cheaper than other types of renewable energy. Solar-Hydroelectric (SHE) is one of the foremost compatible hybrid energy pairs, as solar and hydroelectric power generation profiles complement one another. Hybrid systems consisting of solar and hydropower have complementary characteristics due to the shared use of infrastructure systems and different periodicities in power generation. Energy management is important for SHE-integrated facilities. Since only a limited amount of energy can be injected into the grid from transformer capacities, energy management in hybrid systems is of great importance. To manage energy in hybrid energy systems, the amount of energy that can be produced each hour must be determined. In hybrid energy plants, there is usually already another renewable energy plant in place, and solar energy is added on top and optimized. Since there are no pyrometers in the existing plants, the daily radiation data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is used, but the daily energy production amount may be insufficient for accurate energy management. To realize this, it’s necessary to reveal the energy generation on an hourly basis. During this study, the quantity of radiation on an hourly basis was determined to calculate solar power generation. Empirical and econometric models utilized in radiation amount determination were performed, and the most appropriate method was clarified by comparing them with one another. Hourly-based radiation is achieved with an empirical method by using National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) daily radiation.