Compatibility Perspective Research Articles

Emergence of Social Robot Technology and Its Friction-Free Diffusion in Society: From Engineering Aesthetics and Compatibility Perspective

Emergence of Social Robot Technology and Its Friction-Free Diffusion in Society: From Engineering Aesthetics and Compatibility Perspective

Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures for Unmanned Aerial Spraying in Rice: A Physical Compatibility Perspective

The use of drone spraying technology has shown great promise in overcoming the limitations of manual spraying in agriculture. However, ensuring the physical compatibility of pesticide mixtures for drone applications remains a crucial aspect. In this study, we conducted an experiment to investigate the physical compatibility of five insecticides viz, chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, tetraniliprole 200 SC, cartap hydrochloride 50% SP, flubendiamide 39.35% SC, and acephate 50% + imidacloprid 1.8% SP with five fungicides viz, picoxystrobin 7.5% + tricyclazole 22.5% SC, azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC, tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG, picoxystrobin 7% + propiconazole 12% SC, and prochloraz 23.5% + tricyclazole 20% SE at drone and taiwan spraying concentrations by jar compatibility test. Among the 25 combinations tested only seven combinations at drone spraying concentration showed foaming ranging from 15-20 ml/l. Furthermore, none of the pesticides or their combinations shown alkaline pH. Thus, all the pesticide combinations demonstrated resistance to alkaline degradation, potentially leading to the formation of sedimentation when these pesticides are combined.

Surface Activation of Wax-Based Additives to Enhance Asphalt Rheological Properties via Rotating Plasma Treatment

Wax-based additives have been widely used in asphalt pavement for their preferable environmental benefits. However, poor compatibility between wax-based warm mix additives and asphalt easily leads to precipitation of wax and cracking of asphalt pavement. Plasma treatment can effectively modify the surface of various materials. This study applies plasma treatment to improve the surface properties of wax-based additives for compatibility improvement in asphalt binder. Compatibility of two different wax-base additives in asphalt binder before and after surface treatment is investigated via cigar tube test and morphology test. In parallel, rheological properties of wax-modified asphalt are characterized from the perspectives of rotational viscosity, rutting resistance, and fatigue performance. Results show the enhanced surface roughness and chemical activity of wax-based additives after plasma treatment. The adhesion between waxes and the asphalt matrix is significantly improved. Waxes within binder are uniformly dispersed after plasma treatment. The incorporation of surface activated wax helps to promote the viscosity reduction of asphalt binder. Furthermore, the high-temperature performance of wax-based asphalt after surface activation treatment of wax is significantly improved, especially for fatty acid amide waxes. As for fatigue performance, plasma treatment improves the fatigue resistance from a compatibility perspective. Therefore, plasma has great promise for facilitating wax-modified asphalt properties from a compatibility perspective.

The Differential Impact of Democracy on Tax Revenues in Developing and Developed Countries

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the extent to which democracy affects tax revenues in developing countries in comparison to developed countries across various categories of tax revenues. Based on a sample consisting of 30 developed and 29 developing countries for 2006–2013, the authors find that while democracy has a positive association with tax revenues in developed countries, the association is generally negative for developing countries compared to their counterparts. This study finds that the tax revenues most negatively affected by democracy in developing countries are corporate. The positive findings for developed countries support predictions of the compatibility perspective: that democracy results in economic growth. For developing countries, the relationship is either negative or weaker, matching the predictions of the conflict perspective that democracy results in various groups increasing rent-seeking activities from the state. These findings have implications for tax-related public policies.

AC railway electrification systems — An EMC perspective

Railways are electrified in many different ways. In this article, the main options for electrifying a high speed AC railway are reviewed from an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) perspective. Firstly, the trend of increasing the usage of electrified trains to replace conventional diesel locomotives is pointed out. On this basis, the significance of considering EMC in the railway environment is explained, with a view to preventing the malfunction of the railway system. Secondly, different electrification options are introduced, namely the rail-return, booster-transformer and auto-transformer systems. The benefits and drawbacks of each electrification option are considered based on the interference level to the trackside railway signaling and telecommunication systems. The discussion of each electrification system is verified using electromagnetic simulations. By comparing the different electrification schemes, it is shown that the auto-transformer system has better EMC performance and delivers higher power to the train.

A Case Study to Address a Gap in the Device-to-Vial Interface Stopper Push-in by Chemo Spikes.

This case study is the first to address the risk, at the device-to-vial interface, of a spike pushing a stopper into a vial. It was performed after healhcare workers at cancer care hospitals complained about the risk of possible exposure to hazardous injectable drugs during the transfer if the spike pushed the stopper into the vial. This case study took a three-step approach to understand the device-to-vial interface and the factors that determine stopper push-in force threshold and spike puncture force, respectively. The results show that the stopper push-in force threshold varies with the spike size, stopper properties, and stopper design, while the spike puncture force is determined by spike design, spike surface lubricity, stopper properties, and stopper design. This case study suggests that to mitigate the risk of stopper push-in, the spike puncture force needs to be significantly lower than the stopper push-in force threshold, measured with a flat-tip test probe having the same outside diameter as typically used spikes. In addition, although some factors that impact stopper push-in force threshold also impact spike puncture force in the same trend, such as stopper material, other factors that impact stopper push-in force threshold do not impact spike puncture force and vice versa. For example, the spike length and cross-section area contribute to stopper push-in force threshold but do not have significant impact on puncture force. It would be misleading to just compare the absolute values of spike puncture forces but neglect the dimensional factors. From the stopper and spike compatibility perspective, this case study provides a methodology to quantify the risk of the stopper being pushed into the vial by the spike and suggests a process to prevent the stopper push-in from occurring. The study also shows that the human factor is another important element in the stopper push-in issue. It emphasizes the need for a joint effort for risk mitigation across the board among stopper manufacturers, spike manufacturers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, device manufacturers, and hospitals (pharmacies and healthcare workers). Device and drug developers need to properly select and test stoppers and containers with intended spikes. Healthcare workers need to use compatible stoppers and spikes and need to use them correctly.LAY ABSTRACT: It is critical to protect healthcare workers from exposure to hazardous drugs such as cancer drugs. Since the 1970s, much work has focused on the development of closed-system drug-transfer devices (CSTD) to ensure the containment of spills, sprays, and vapors. However, other gaps in the cancer drug transfer process have been overlooked. For example, one gap at the device-to-stopper interface is the compatibility of vial stopper and spike. This case study is the first to address the risk at the device-to-vial interface of stopper push-in by the spikes during the transfer of hazardous injectable drugs. It serves to understand the issue of spikes pushing stoppers into the vial. It shows that the push-in force threshold varies with the spike diameters, stopper materials, and design. The spike puncture force is impacted by spike design, surface lubricity, stopper materials, and design. To prevent the stopper from being pushed into the vial, causing splashes and exposure to the drug, it is important to coordinate the stopper push-in force threshold and spike puncture force and optimize the spike dimensions. The human factor also affects the drug transfer. This case study provides a methodology to quantify the stopper push-in risk from a force and dimensional perspective.

Does Entrepreneurial Leadership Foster Creativity Among Employees and Teams? The Mediating Role of Creative Efficacy Beliefs

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how entrepreneurial leadership relates to workplace creativity in organizations from the compatibility perspective. Drawing on social cognitive theory, we propose that individual creative self-efficacy and team creative efficacy beliefs mediate the relationships between entrepreneurial leadership and individual and team creativity. This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and creativity through creative efficacy. Survey data were collected from multiple sources, including 43 leaders and 237 employees in eight Chinese companies. Cross-level relationships are tested by means of a hierarchical linear modeling analysis (HLM). The results reveal that entrepreneurial leadership is positively related to employee and team creativity, and these relationships are found to be mediated by both employee creative self-efficacy and team creative efficacy. Furthermore, team creative efficacy is found to exert a cross-level mediating influence on the entrepreneurial leadership-employee creativity relationship. This study suggests that employees and teams led by entrepreneurial leaders are likely to produce creative outcomes. The findings further confirm the important role of creative efficacy beliefs in explaining how entrepreneurial leadership relates to employee and team creativity, as such beliefs serve as a within-level and cross-level mediating mechanism in these relationships. Our study is among the first to empirically investigate the concept of entrepreneurial leadership in a broader organizational context. We examine how entrepreneurial leadership contributes to workplace creativity. Our study shows that creative efficacy beliefs exert both within-level and cross-level mediating influences in the entrepreneurial leadership-creativity relation.

An ex-ante assessment procedure for science and technology policy cycle through institutional compatibility perspective

An ex-ante assessment procedure for science and technology policy cycle through institutional compatibility perspective

An ex-ante assessment procedure for science and technology policy cycle through institutional compatibility perspective

It is essential to consider policy assessment in the policy cycle. However, the ex-ante evaluation has been rarely investigated in the policy evaluation literature. The purpose of this article is to propose a five-step procedure for the ex-ante science and technology (ST) policy assessment in the policy cycle. This assessment procedure measures the compatibility level of policy instruments with institutions through three stages as policy formulation, policy implementation and policy evaluation. Then, in order to determine the proposed procedure, we utilise the grounded theory through interviews and document reviews. At the end, we select and review a ST policy in Iran as a case. The results show that policies will not be successfully implemented if we do not consider involved institutions in society. This procedure is applicable for the ex-ante evaluations in the context of Iranian science and technology policy and other similar contexts.

Sociocultural Theories, Academic Achievement, and African American Adolescents in a Multicultural Context: A Review of the Cultural Compatibility Perspective

Several suggest that African American culture facilitates academic achievement, but others suggest that identifying with Black culture contributes to the gap by undermining the academic performance among youth. These opposing perspectives are labeled compatibility theories and incompatibility theories, respectively. A previous review of the cultural incompatibility perspective reveals limited support for those theories. The current review of the literature complements the previous review with substantial support for the cultural compatibility perspective. Implications for theory, research, and practice addressing the racial gap in by considering the cultural underpinnings of academic behavior in African American youth are discussed. Keywords: adolescence, African American, gap, multicultural context, racial disparities, sociocultural There is substantial evidence of differential patterns of between Black and White students in our nation's educational system - commonly referred to as the achievement gap. African American students tend to underperform in terms of lower grade point averages (GPA) and weaker aptitude test scores than White students. The 2007 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) revealed higher rates of school readiness for White children than African American students (Aud, Fox, & KewalRamani, 2010). Research has also demonstrated that African American students have higher dropout rates from high school (National Center for Education Statistics, 2002; Osborne & Walker, 2006). Even when African American students graduate from high school, according to Aud and colleagues (2010), they are less likely to enroll in and graduate from college. The long-lasting effects that academic gaps between African American and White students have had in the larger society warrant continued theoretical and empirical analysis of the issue. Academic is positively correlated with educational attainment (Hansen, Heckman, & Mullen, 2004) and educational attainment has a positive correlation with one's socioeconomic status (Pallas, 2000). Therefore, the continued existence of academic gaps will contribute to the persistence of racial inequality in other areas of life. Finally, empirical tests of to account for the Black-White academic gap have been growing, and increasing the knowledge base could have implications for policy and public opinion about reducing racial disparities in educational outcomes. Of particular interest and in need of further analysis are sociocultural about the Black-White gap in academic performance. These can be divided into competing explanations: some theorists suggest African American culture facilitates academic (Oyserman, Gant, & Ager, 1995; Spencer, 1999; Whaley, 2003); whereas others suggest that identifying with Black culture contributes to the gap by undermining academic performance (Fordham & Ogbu, 1986; Steele, 1997). The authors have categorized the conceptual frameworks reflecting these opposing perspectives as compatibility theories and incompatibility theories, respectively. In this article, the cultural compatibility perspective will be defined and evaluated by a review of the evidence in support of the following three major theories: (a) socially contextualized model of African American identity (Oyserman, Gant, & Ager, 1995); (b) phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory (Spencer, 1999; Spencer, Dupree, & Hartman, 1997; Spencer, Noll, Stoltzfus, & Harpalani, 2001); and (c) the cultural-cognitive model of African American identity (Whaley, 2003, Whaley & McQueen, 2010). This review will include studies that assess the role of culture in a broader multicultural context. Finally, implications drawn from the empirical evidence for the Black-White gap will be discussed. …