Compatibility Of Protocols Research Articles

Modeling and Automation of Data Collection and Processing in a Smart Medical Ward

The study considers modeling and automating the processes of data collection and processing in a smart medical ward. We examined the existing solutions in the field of smart wards. Such solutions allow to increase patient safety, improve the quality of their treatment, optimize workflows in inpatient facilities, reduce costs and increase comfort of the patients. At the same time, these solutions are focused on particular tasks, use varied technologies and protocols, and implement single scenarios for the functioning of the ward. This is not enough to create an integrated approach to automating patient treatment in smart wards, as there are problems of compatibility and integration of heterogeneous modules, systems and protocols, which leads to growing costs and reduced profitability. To avoid these problems, the complex must be implemented within a single framework with typical components, connections, and operation scenarios. To do this, at the first stage of the work, a conceptual model of a smart room is proposed, a description of its components is given, and scenarios of their functioning are provided. An algorithm for collecting and processing data for diagnosis and stratification of diseases has also been developed, a simulation of the smart ward operation has been carried out, and it showed that the implementation of data collection and processing using smart components can reduce the processing time at least twice.

Energy-Aware Service Allocation: A Crow Search-Based Approach

The allocation of services from the cloud to edge servers in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) emerges as a promising solution for providing time-critical services by shifting computation near sensor nodes while improving the energy cost of the cloud servers and energy consumption of sensor nodes. However, allocation of services faces challenges due to– a) limited computation, storage, and energy constraint of edge servers, b) increasing brown energy consumption of cloud servers, and c) compatibility of communication protocols used by edge servers. In this work, we propose crow search-based two schemes, EAllocS and EAllocM, for allocating unsplittable and splittable services to edge servers. In contrast to existing literature, we consider energy consumption, delay, utility score of edge servers, compatibility of the communication protocols, and energy cost of the cloud servers. Extensive simulation results show that EAllocS reduces energy consumption, delay, and maximum load by 56.7%, 49.9%, and 41.4% compared to the benchmarks. EAllocM reduces energy consumption, delay, and maximum load by 58.5%, 24.8%, and 38%, respectively. The results show that proposed schemes save more energy by reducing the energy consumption of processing services. EAllocS and EAllocM also improve total device allocation cost compared to the benchmark schemes.

Compatibility of quantitative and qualitative data-collection protocols for urban soundscape evaluation

This study investigates the compatibility of soundscape evaluation results based on the data-collection protocols proposed in ISO 12913-2, Method A (questionnaire), Method B (questionnaire and open-answer), and Method C (narrative interview), as well as guidelines for evaluating urban soundscapes. We assessed the soundscapes of 10 multi-functional sites in an urban environment through the responses of 50 participants to questions on sound source identification, perceived affective quality, and overall quality. Using virtual reality technology, we reproduced a laboratory environment similar to the actual assessment sites. The responses to sound source identification were similar for each protocol. Regarding perceived affective quality, the “pleasantness-eventfulness model” derived from Method A was also found in the text-mining results of Methods B and C; additional emotional responses were discovered. Regarding overall quality, the preference for each assessment site was similar for each protocol. Method C revealed the influence of non-acoustic factors on soundscape perception. The quantitative data protocol was appropriate for a large group and for deriving a generalized model, whereas the qualitative data protocol was effective for small groups or an in-depth analysis of certain sites. The findings of this study are useful for assessing urban soundscapes and informing urban planning.

Rapid tool for cell nanoarchitecture integrity assessment

With the rapid increase and accessibility of high-resolution imaging technologies of cells, the interpretation of results relies more and more on the assumption that the three-dimensional integrity of the surrounding cellular landscape is not compromised by the experimental setup. However, the only available technology for directly probing the structural integrity of whole-cell preparations at the nanoscale is electron cryo-tomography, which is time-consuming, costly, and complex. We devised an accessible, inexpensive and reliable screening assay to quickly report on the compatibility of experimental protocols with preserving the structural integrity of whole-cell preparations at the nanoscale. Our Rapid Cell Integrity Assessment (RCIA) assay is executed at room temperature and relies solely on light microscopy imaging. Using cellular electron cryo-tomography as a benchmark, we verify that RCIA accurately unveils the adverse impact of reagents and/or protocols such as those used for virus inactivation or to arrest dynamic processes on the cellular nanoarchitecture.

The compatibility of clinical child mental health treatment and evidence-based treatment protocols.

Few children with mental health problems receive evidence-based psychotherapy, partly because of unsuccessful dissemination of evidence-based treatments (EBTs). Previous research suggests that the length and structure of EBT protocols for anxiety disorders may impede their adoption in community practice. To examine the potential discrepancy between EBT protocols and clinical practice across disorders, we examined patient diagnoses and average length of treatment for childhood psychiatric disorders in a regional medical center where child and adolescent patients from the community have access to mental health care. The findings suggest that although a large portion of youth seeking mental health care presented with symptoms consistent with those addressed by common evidence-based psychotherapy protocols, less than half of these patients ever met with a therapist and less than 10% of those attended a sufficient number of sessions to complete a full treatment protocol. These results underscore the need to develop brief and flexible EBT protocols, such as modular treatments, that introduce essential elements early in the course of treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

A new model of industrial internet of things with security mechanism—An application in complex workshop of diesel engine

Intelligent manufacturing is the future development direction of manufacturing industry. There are still some problems lurk in the traditional mode of production, such as “information island” and “network security”, which result in low productivity but high-cost production, and information leakage. With application of the new generation information technology in manufacturing field is expanded, the deep integration of information technology and manufacturing industry promotes the development of production towards intellectualization, networking, and service. Single mode of production is gradually replaced by the way of large-scale collaborative production, so the traditional industrial internet of things (IoT) and manufacturing architecture are not suitable for the needs of actual production any more. For instance, the great challenges of compatibility and coordination of interface protocols, huge data, cost, and safety. In order to solve these problems, a new model of industrial IoT with security mechanism used in intelligent workshop is proposed. Firstly, this article analyzes the current situation of manufacturing industry and information technology, a secure transmission model of industrial IoT was designed based on the new generation information technology. Secondly, combined with the structure of the IoT and the real production demands, a six-tier industrial IoT architecture based on the new generation information technology is proposed. Finally, the three dimensions of the intelligent manufacturing model are expanded according to the architecture of the IoT. Not only a six-tier intelligent manufacturing system framework based on the new generation of information technology is obtained, but also the network security mechanism is introduced. On one hand, it realizes the coordinated operation of industrial chain, supply chain, and value chain of production process, on the other hand, it also improves the networking, intellectualization, and service level of industrial production. What is more the system can also provide the reference model for the various application of IoT.

Energy optimization of sustainable Internet of Things (IoT) systems using an energy harvesting medium access protocol

The process of modelling the energy expenditure for IoT systems is distinct when compared to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), due to a number of factors and metrics. Few of such factors to mention are the IoT layers being different from the Open System Interconnection (OSI) with communication protocols like IPv6 Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN), Routing for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL) and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). This leads to the demand for designing efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols to serve the purpose of balance between the performance of the system and minimum energy consumption. The challenge of compatibility of MAC protocols for IoT deployment needs to be addressed. The proposed work is aimed at developing energy efficient framework for optimal balance between energy consumed by connected devices (sensor networks) in a complex and time-critical IoT system through performance monitoring of underlying communication technologies. It also focuses to address the trade-off between energy expenditure and performance of the network for the communicating nodes. An Energy Harvesting MAC protocol is designed and developed after modelling of the nodes using Reinforcement Learning (RL) for time critical IoT systems. The results have shown that the energy expenditure of the IoT devices is considerably minimized and the performance is increased by nearly 80% when compared to the state-of-art energy harvesting solutions for sustainable IoT systems. This research also plays a significant role in matching the energy predictions and the experimentations that validate the IoT systems in a real-world scenario.

Portability, compatibility and reuse of MAC protocols across different IoT radio platforms

To cope with the diversity of Internet of Things (IoT) requirements, a large number of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols have been proposed in scientific literature, many of which are designed for specific application domains. However, for most of these MAC protocols, no multi-platform software implementation is available. In fact, the path from conceptual MAC protocol proposed in theoretical papers, towards an actual working implementation is rife with pitfalls. (i) A first problem is the timing bugs, frequently encountered in MAC implementations. (ii) Furthermore, once implemented, many MAC protocols are strongly optimized for specific hardware, thereby limiting the potential of software reuse or modifications. (iii) Finally, in real-life conditions, the performance of the MAC protocol varies strongly depending on the actual underlying radio chip. As a result, the same MAC protocol implementation acts differently per platform, resulting in unpredictable/asymmetrical behavior when multiple platforms are combined in the same network. This paper describes in detail the challenges related to multi-platform MAC development, and experimentally quantifies how the above issues impact the MAC protocol performance when running MAC protocols on multiple radio chips. Finally, an overall methodology is proposed to avoid the previously mentioned cross-platform compatibility issues.

Law, Ethics and Men's Ambition in Case of Japanese Psychiatric Brain Bank

Human tissue and Bio-banking is a complex field and running brain banks needs to abide by several golden standards in order to avoid pitfalls in basic research:1) A donor system in which informed consent is granted for the use of the samples for scientific research, including genetic analysis and access to medical records, 2) Rapid autopsy system, 3) Compatibility of protocols for procurement, management, handling and storage, 4) A generally accepted consensus on diagnostic criteria, 5) Quality control, 6) Abiding by local/international legal and ethical guidelines for work with human material, 7) Proper safety procedures [2].

The stream-based service-centred calculus: a foundation for service-oriented programming

Abstract We give a formal account of stream-based, service-centered calculus (SSCC), a calculus for modelling service-based systems, suitable to describe both service composition (orchestration) and the protocols that services follow when invoked (conversation). The calculus includes primitives for defining and invoking services, for isolating conversations (called sessions) among clients and servers, and for orchestrating services. The calculus is equipped with a reduction and a labelled transition semantics related by an equivalence result. SSCC provides a good trade-off between expressive power for modelling and simplicity for analysis. We assess the expressive power by modelling van der Aalst workflow patterns and an automotive case study from the European project Sensoria. For analysis, we present a simple type system ensuring compatibility of client and service protocols. We also study the behavioural theory of the calculus, highlighting some axioms that capture the behaviour of the different primitives. As a final application of the theory, we define and prove correct some program transformations. These allow to start modelling a system from a typical UML Sequence Diagram, and then transform the specification to match the service-oriented programming style, thus simplifying its implementation using web services technology.

PITFALLS AND PRACTICALITIES IN COLLECTING AND BANKING HUMAN BRAIN TISSUES FOR RESEARCH ON PSYCHIATRIC AND NEULOGICAL DISORDERS

It is essential to examine brain materials for the understanding the cause and pathology of mental disorders. Recent methodological progress urges us to set up well qualified brain banks. Human tissue and Bio-banking is a complex field and the daily practice of brain banks needs to abide by several golden standards in order to avoid pitfalls in basic research: 1) A donor system in which informed consent is granted for the use of the samples for scientific research, including genetic analysis and access to medical records, 2) Rapid autopsy system, 3) Compatibility of protocols for procurement, management, handling and storage, 4) A generally accepted consensus on diagnostic criteria, 5) Quality control, 6) Abiding by local/international legal and ethical guidelines for work with human material, 7) Proper safety procedures. In the present review, the authors introduced the activities of European brain banks, and discussed on their current issues, and on the problems remain to be resolved.

Behaviour Protocols for Interacting Stateful Components

We propose a formal foundation for behaviour protocols of interacting, concurrent components with data states. Formally, behaviour protocols are given by labelled transition systems which specify the order of operation invocations as well as the allowed changes of data states of components in terms of pre- and postconditions. We study the compatibility of protocols and we consider their composition which yields a behaviour protocol for a component assembly. Behaviour protocols are equipped with a model-theoretic semantics which describes the class of all correct component or assembly implementations. Implementation models are again formalised in terms of labelled transition systems and the correctness notion is based on an alternating simulation relation between protocol and implementation which takes into account concrete control and data states. As a major result we show that our approach is compositional, i.e. that locally correct implementation models of compatible protocols compose to a globally correct implementation, thus ensuring independent implementability.

Ethical and legal issues in BTB (Brain/tissue/Bio) Banking

BTB (Brain/Tissue/Bio) Banks form essential repositories for clinical and basic research; The collection, storage, distribution and use of biological materials in research raise many legal and ethical issues which are currently not well regulated on an international level due to differences and conflicting laws and policies.Brain/Tissue/Bio Banks currently aim at the following objectives: Foster research in clinical and basic science and serve as a dynamic system with ongoing consultations on the many various daily issues of banking. Achieve standardization between banks of commonly accepted criteria for the pathological diagnosis and compatibility of protocols (SOP's) for tissue procurement, management and preparation. Facilitate multi‐center concordance studies and studies of risk factors in diseases which have genetic end environmental components. Monitor safety measures and secure storage. Abide by ethical and legal codes of conduct; the laws regulating consent and autopsy procedures and the ethical guidelines are significantly different in the various repositories. To create and develop the adequate infrastructure for these activities, we are in the process of publishing an inventory of the medico‐legal and ethical framework conform local legislation. We have also made an inventory of the ethical aspects applied in daily practice of procurement, management, dissemination, confidentiality, “Financial gain” and genetic testing.These results of the inventarisation are now being incorporated into the 3rd edition of ISBER's “Ethical Issues of Human Subjects and Animals”.

A Comparison of the Performance and Compatibility of Protocols Used by Seven Monitoring Groups to Measure Stream Habitat in the Pacific Northwest

AbstractTo comply with legal mandates, meet local management objectives, or both, many federal, state, and tribal organizations have monitoring groups that assess stream habitat at different scales. This myriad of groups has difficulty sharing data and scaling up stream habitat assessments to regional or national levels because of differences in their goals and data collection methods. To assess the performance of and potential for data sharing among monitoring groups, we compared measurements made by seven monitoring groups in 12 stream reaches in northeastern Oregon. We evaluated (1) the consistency (repeatability) of the measurements within each group, (2) the ability of the measurements to reveal environmental heterogeneity, (3) the compatibility of the measurements among monitoring groups, and (4) the relationships of the measurements to values determined from more intensive sampling (detailed measurements used as a standard for accuracy and precision in this study). Overall, we found that some stream attributes were consistently measured both within and among groups. Furthermore, for all but one group there was a moderate correlation (0.50) between the group measurements and the intensive values for at least 50% of the channel attributes. However, none of the monitoring groups were able to achieve high consistency for all measured stream attributes, and few of the measured attributes had the potential for being shared among all groups. Given the high cost of stream habitat monitoring, we suggest directing more effort to developing approaches that will increase the consistency and compatibility of measured stream attributes so that they will have broader utility. Ultimately, local monitoring programs should consider incorporating regional and national objectives so that data can be scaled up and the returns to limited monitoring dollars can be maximized across spatial scales.

Formal methods for future interoperability

Interoperability is a key challenge in software engineering, whether expressed in terms of the compatibility of different systems and protocols, in terms of compliance to industry standards, or--increasingly--in terms of the ability to share and re-use data gathered in different contexts. Formal methods are mathematical techniques for the precise description of systems properties and behaviour, and have an important role to play in the future provision of interoperable systems and data. This paper describes that role, and examines the implications for present-day training and education.

Compatibility of staining protocols for bone tissue with Raman imaging.

We report the use of Raman microscopy to image mouse calvaria stained with hematoxylin, eosin and toluidine blue. Raman imaging of stained specimens allows for direct correlation of histological and spectral information. A line-focus 785 nm laser imaging system with specialized near-infrared (NIR) microscope objectives and CCD detector were used to collect approximately 100 x 450 micro m Raman images. Principal components analysis, a multivariate analysis technique, was used to determine whether the histological stains cause spectral interference (band shifts or intensity changes) or result in thermal damage to the examined tissue. Image analysis revealed factors for tissue components and the embedding medium, glycol methacrylate, only. Thus, Raman imaging proved to be compatible with histological stains such as hematoxylin, eosin and toluidine blue.

Prospective use of RFLP analysis on amplified Cryptococcus neoformans URA5 gene sequences for rapid identification of varieties and serotypes in clinical samples.

Clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, whole blood, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with positive cryptococcal antigen latex-agglutination test, and spiked clinical material from healthy individuals, were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers amplifying C. neoformans URA5 gene sequences. To test compatibility of different DNA extraction protocols with the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, a commercial DNA extraction kit (XTRAX; Gull Laboratories, UT, USA) was used alongside with the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method on spiked biological fluids. Both methods extracted DNA from spiked clinical samples containing C. neoformans (8 +/- 2 cells ml(-1)) and generated amplification products suitable for restriction enzyme analysis. Alu I digestion differentiated the two varieties of C. neoformans. Three distinct RFLP patterns were obtained upon restriction with MspI corresponding to serotypes A, AD and B, C and D. URA5 PCR followed by RFLP analysis, coupled with a sensitive in-house or commercially available DNA extraction method from clinical samples, could be successfully incorporated into rapid routine diagnostic strategies. It could also provide an expeditious tool for epidemiology-based population genetics studies.