Compatibility Concepts Research Articles

Surprise!

Measures of information and surprise, such as the Shannon information value (S value), quantify the signal present in a stream of noisy data. We illustrate the use of such information measures in the context of interpreting P values as compatibility indices. S values help communicate the limited information supplied by conventional statistics and cast a critical light on cutoffs used to judge and construct those statistics. Misinterpretations of statistics may be reduced by interpreting P values and interval estimates using compatibility concepts and S values instead of "significance" and "confidence."

Markov Chains on Graded Posets

We consider two types of discrete-time Markov chains where the state space is a graded poset and the transitions are taken along the covering relations in the poset. The first type of Markov chain goes only in one direction, either up or down in the poset (an up chain or down chain). The second type toggles between two adjacent rank levels (an up-and-down chain). We introduce two compatibility concepts between the up-directed transition probabilities (an up rule) and the down-directed (a down rule), and we relate these to compatibility between up-and-down chains. This framework is used to prove a conjecture about a limit shape for a process on Young’s lattice. Finally, we settle the questions whether the reverse of an up chain is a down chain for some down rule and whether there exists an up or down chain at all if the rank function is not bounded.

Adapting Smart Grid, RES Penetration, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Energy Efficiency Concepts to Electric Ship Power Systems

This paper deals with the adaption of Smart Grid, RES penetration, Electromagnetic Compatibility and Energy Efficiency concepts from land to ship power systems. It presents a review on the state-of-art on those areas as regards the land power systems and attempts to propose some of those advances and how they can be adapted to ship power systems. Ship power systems have many resemblances mainly with autonomous land power systems. Thus, autonomous power systems will be used as a model for an accurate and successive adaption of those concepts.

Fifty years of character compatibility concepts at work

In the mid 19th century, systematic biologists realized that observable similarities and differences among a group of related species could be the basis for hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships among the species and their ancestors. Such hypotheses can be expressed as characters. A character is comprised of two or more character states of species considered to be similar with respect to a basis for comparison. The states of a character may also be arranged into a character state tree to hypothesize speciation events associated with changes from one character state to another. In the mid 20th century, some systematists realized that sometimes pairs of characters (or character state trees) could be incompatible as hypotheses, i.e., they could not both be true. Through the 1950s, '60s and '70s, tests for, and ways to resolve, incompatibilities were used to estimate an ancestor rela- tion based on mutually compatible characters. An estimate was often shown as a diagram connecting ancestors to their immediate descendants (not quite correctly) called a phylogenetic tree. More recently, other applications of compatibility concepts have been developed, including: identify characters that appear to be random in the context of their data set; combine estimates of ancestor relations for subsets of taxa in a larger collection into a single estimate (a so-called supertree) for the whole collection; and interpret geographic patterns in an evolutionary context.

Structural Strength of Bridge Decks Reinforced with Welded Wire Fabric

The feasibility of using welded wire fabric in concrete bridge slabs was investigated by testing 15 slabs up to their ultimate capacity. The experimental and analytical studies showed that simply supported slabs reinforced with welded wire fabric are less ductile than slabs reinforced with conventional reinforcing steel. However, slabs with partial or fixed supports have a comparable load-deflection behavior when reinforced with either type of reinforcement. The load-deflection curves were predicted by using the finite element method and an analytical method which uses the strain compatibility concepts. The experimental measurements showed that the analytical results were accurate up to the point when the concrete begins to crush. It was concluded that the reinforcement ratio, transverse wire orientation, and boundary conditions are the major factors that affect the behavior of concrete slabs reinforced with welded wire fabric.

The Effect of Modifying Resins on the Viscoelastic Properties of Styrenic Block Copolymers

Abstract Viscoelastic data from dynamic measurements show that modifying resins produce complex changes in the properties of styrenic block copolymers. These property changes are generally consistent with compatibility concepts. Resins which are compatible with the midblock of these polymers, Resins AL-1, Al-2, and RE, will increase the tan δ peak temperature and reduce plateau modulus, as is observed with other elastomers. They will also reduce the temperature of entry into the terminal zone. This is believed to result from a reduction in the concentration of the endblock phase as well as dilution of the entanglement network at elevated temperatures. A resin which is incompatible with the midblock, Resin AR, has no effect on the tan δ peak temperature but does cause an increase in the plateau modulus of S-B-S and S-EB-S, as seen with typical high molecular weight rubbers. However, in the S-I-S polymers, Resin AR appears to be at least partially compatible at the low volume fractions examined. It does not increase the plateau modulus, but appears to reduce it slightly. The aromatic resin, Resin AR, has no effect on the G′, G″ crossover temperature of S-EB-S or S-I-S(20) at the concentration examined. However, it increases the temperature of the high diblock S-I-S(40) and lowers the temperature of S-B-S, suggesting at least partial compatibility at elevated temperatures. G′(tan δmin ) data are useful for estimating the compatibility of resins with styrenic block copolymers. Minimum and maximum values, calculated from rubber elasticity theory and filler effects, can serve as reference points for compatibility.