Comparison Of Women Research Articles

Histological Change of Placenta in Diabetic Pregnant Women in Comparison to Normal Pregnant Women

Background: The placenta is a foeto-maternal organ and its alterations is directly related to the disease’s length and severity. The human placenta experiences a number of functional and structural pathologic alterations when complicated by metabolic disorder such as diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted over a period of threeyears from January 2019 to December 2021 at the Department of Anatomy, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and Diabetic Hospital Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The study was carried out on 70 pregnant women, among them 35 diabetics and 35 non-diabetics. The fibrinoid necrosis, syncytial knot and immature villi of the placenta were studied in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women. SPSS software, version-24 was used for data analysis, with a p-value < 0.05 indicating statistically significance for all tests. Results: The diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women groups were almost identical in terms of attachment of umbilical cord to placenta with marginal attachment being more often found in either group (p = 0.829). Histological examination of placenta showed that fibrinoid necrosis was common in placenta of diabetic mothers than that of the normal mothers (p < 0.001). Syncytial knot and immature villi were higher in the former group than those in the latter group, here p values were also less than .001. Conclusion: Histological findings (fibrinoid necrosis, syncytial knot and immature villi) were more in placenta of diabetic mother and they were highly significant different between the groups. EWMCJ Vol. 12, No. 1&2, January-July 2024: 27-33

Comparison of Women’s Perceptions of Violent Extremism between Ambon City and Yogyakarta City

Comparison of Women’s Perceptions of Violent Extremism between Ambon City and Yogyakarta City

A Comparison of Women's Image in Women's Films in Chinese and Western Cultures from a Female Perspective --Carol and Woman-Demon-Human

In the different cultural backgrounds of China and the West, the trend of feminism and related films is different. The image of women is an important part of Chinese and Western culture and a special product of the times, which is extremely important for the understanding of female subjects and social development. Based on the films Woman-Demon-Human and Carol, this paper aims to explore the survival status of women and the manifestation of feminist awakening in different times from the aspects of feminism, self-consciousness, and gender differences, to show the dilemmas and struggles faced by women in modern China and the West, as well as the impact of gender manifestation on women. Women who can break through the inherent pattern, get rid of the fate of the male gaze, and have independent subjective consciousness are particularly valuable. The American movie Carol, with Carol and Therese as the main characters, tells the story of women with different personalities who have found themselves in life and have the courage to resist the pressure of the world and the oppression of patriarchal society. Woman-Demon-Human, directed by Huang Shuqin, tells the story of Qiuyun, who is obsessed with the art of opera, plays a male role, and dedicates her life to the stage. These two films portray the image of a true woman who can be autonomous and self-controlled, and deserve to be compared and analyzed in detail in terms of feminist awakening.

Daily social comparisons among women in midlife with elevated risk for cardiovascular disease: A within-person test of the identification/contrast model.

Women age 40-60 are disproportionately affected by health problems that increase their risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD; e.g. hypertension). Social comparisons (i.e. self-evaluations relative to others) are known to influence health in this and other groups, but their nature and consequences in daily life are poorly understood. We conducted an ecological momentary assessment study over 10days (5x/day) with 75 women ages 40-60 who had ≥1 CVD risk conditions (MAge = 51.6years, MBMI = 34.0kg/m2). Using a mix of frequentist and Bayesian analytic approaches, we examined characteristics of women's naturally occurring comparisons and tested predictions from the Identification/Contrast Model within-person (e.g. identifying with an upward target results in positive affect, whereas contrasting results in negative affect). Comparisons occurred at 21% of moments, with considerable within-person variability in response. In line with predictions from the Identification/Contrast Model, women were more likely to experience positive affect after upward identification or downward contrast and more likely to experience negative affect after upward contrast or downward identification, though observed nuances warrant additional consideration. Overall, findings support the Identification/Contrast Model to describe women's comparison experiences as they occur in daily life. Future work should determine pathways between the immediate consequences of comparisons and longer-term health outcomes.

Obstetric Care for Gestational Diabetes in Refugee and Immigrant Women in Comparison to Non-Immigrant Women in Berlin: an Analysis of Quantitative Data of the Pregnancy and Obstetric Care for Refugees (PROREF)-study

Are there differences in the frequency of gestational diabetes between women of self-defined refugee status (SDRS), immigrant women, and women born in Germany? Does the perinatal data of women with gestational diabetes (GDM) differ depending on the migration status? For the Pregnancy and Obstetric Care for Refugees (ProRef) study between June 2020 and April 2022, data was collected with the Migrant Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire (MFMCQ) among women on the postpartum ward in three perinatal centers in Berlin. The data concerning GDM was statistically analyzed. Women of SDRS were tested for GDM (3.2%, p=0.0025) significantly less often than immigrant women (1.4%) or women born in Germany (0.6%). The rate of GDM was higher among immigrant women (19.6%, p=0.001) than among women born in Germany (15.0%) and women of SDRS (14.1%). The rate of GDM varied depending on the country of origin. Vietnam (OR 3.41) and Turkey (OR 2.18) as countries of origin, corrected for age and body mass index, increased the chance of gestational diabetes. The perinatal outcome data among women with GDM did not differ depending on the migration status. As women of SDRS are tested for GDM less frequently, this potentially suggests a supply gap in the health care system. However, the perinatal outcome data does not differ for women of SDRS.

Placental Morphological Pattern in Diabetic Pregnant Women in Comparison to Non-diabetic Pregnant Women

Placental Morphological Pattern in Diabetic Pregnant Women in Comparison to Non-diabetic Pregnant Women

Comparison of Women’s Labor Market Participation between Types of Childcare Policies Based on Policy Tool Mix

This study examines the effect of state-centered childcare policies on women’s labor market participation. It applies the fuzzy-set qualitative method to OECD member countries and classifies countries into seven types based on the mix of childcare policy tools in terms of the state’s directness of funding, directness of service creation, and coerciveness of service quality regulation. This helped identify an effective combination of childcare policy tools for increasing women’s labor market participation. Thus, providing childcare services that policy consumers can trust by increasing the government’s enforcement of qualitative regulations on childcare services is critical.

Case Study: Comparison of Women and Men with Internet Addiction in College Students

Internet addiction sudah menjadi fenomena yang tidak bisa dielakkan dari perkembangan teknologi industri 4.0 ini. Hal tersebut mendorong peneliti untuk meneliti mengenai bagaimana internet addiction perempuan dan laki-laki di kalangan mahasiswa. Internet addiction adalah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui internet addiction mahasiswa laki-laki dan mahasiswa perempuan. Peneliti menganalisis internet addiction yang disampaikan informan setelah melihat bagaimana jenis-jenis aplikasi yang digunakan mahasiswa laki-laki dan perempuan, apa yang membuat mereka lebih memilih untuk menggunakan internet dibanding belajar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis. Berdasarkan data yang ditemukan diketahui bahwa informan perempuan menghabiskan waktunya membuka aplikasi sosial media seperti instagram, whatApp, tiktok dan Whatpadd. Sedangkan informan laki-laki membuka aplikasi game (mobile legend, fifa fayer, tiktok, bahkan ada yang bermain slot.

A Comparison of Women's and Men's Web-Based Information-Seeking Behaviors About Gender-Related Health Information: Web-Based Survey Study of a Stratified German Sample.

Gender-sensitive approaches to health communication aim to integrate gender perspectives at all levels of communication, as an individual's biological sex and socially assigned gender identity have an impact on whether and how one acquires what type of health information. Due to the fast and low-cost opportunity to search for a wide range of information, the internet seems to be a particularly suitable place for gender-related health information about diseases of sex-specific organs and diseases where biological differences are associated with different health risks. This study aims to inform gender-related information provision and acquisition in 2 ways. The first objective was to provide a theory-driven analysis of web-based health information-seeking behavior (HISB) regarding gender-related issues. Therefore, the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM), which is one of the most integrative models of HISB, was adapted and applied. Second, we asked for gender-specific motivational determinants of gender-related web-based HISB comparing the predictors in the groups of women and men. Data from a stratified web-based survey of the German population (N=3000) explained gender-related web-based HISB and influencing patterns comparing women and men. The applicability of PRISM to gender-related web-based HISB was tested using structural equation modeling and a multigroup comparison. The results revealed PRISM as an effective framework for explaining gender-related web-based HISB. The model accounted for 28.8% of the variance in gender-related web-based HISB. Gender-related subjective norms provided the most crucial explanatory power, followed by perceived seeking control. The multigroup comparison revealed differences in the model's explanatory power and the relevance of predictors of gender-related web-based HISB. The share of explained variances of web-based HISB is higher in men than in women. For men, norms were a more relevant promoting factor, whereas web-based HISB of women was more strongly associated with perceived seeking control. The results are crucial for gender-sensitive targeting strategies and suggest gender-related health information interventions that address gender-related subjective norms. Furthermore, programs (eg, web-based learning units) should be developed and offered to improve individuals' (perceived) abilities to perform web-based searches for health information, as those with higher control beliefs are more likely to access web-based information.

A Comparison of Women in the Time of Prophet Muhammad and Andalusian Period in Terms of Participation in Social and Political Life

The political presence of Muslims in al-Andalus had remained from Tariq bin Ziyad’s conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711, untill the fall of Ghirnata in 1492. Despite all the political struggles, rebellions, occupations and wars, the history of al-Andalus means more than political history. Because at this period of Muslims’ presence in medieval Iberia, al-Andalus became the center of “convivencia”, that means “the art of living together of all differences”. This convivencia refers to people with different colors, religions, sects, languages and ethnicities. Among these differences, Andalusian women also played an active role in social life, science and politics. Although it is not very far in the temporal plane, al-Andalus, which has fallen to the west of the lands where Islam was born, has been a region shaped by its unique dynamics within Islamic civilization. In this context, a comparison based on the social and political aspects of women between the lands where Islam was born and the furthest point it has reached will be instrumental in our better understanding of the Andalusian woman. Hereby, our aim is to compare the role of women in the social and political life of the Islamic society, which was shaped by the message of Prophet Muhammad, with the activities of Andalusian women and their visibility in social life.

Comparison of Women’s Abortion Rights between China and the United States

Comparison of Women’s Abortion Rights between China and the United States

Periodontal and Gingival Health of Pregnant Women in Comparison to Non-Pregnant Women

Objective: To assess pregnant women's periodontal and gingival health compared to non-pregnant women.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study.
 Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Gynecology, Sharif Medical and Dental College, and Raiwind Polyclinic Lahore (Outreach program of the Sharif Medical and Dental College, from Mar 2019 to Aug 2019.
 Methodology: The periodontal and gingival health of 44 pregnant and 52 non-pregnant females was evaluated using the community periodontal index of treatment needs and gingival index. 
 Results: A total of 44 pregnant and 52 non-pregnant were evaluated. The periodontal health and pregnancy status were significantly associated (p=0.008). The periodontal health and the trimester of pregnancy were not significantly associated (p=0.787). There was no significant association between the gingival health of the females with the status of pregnancy (p=0.773). Maximum calculus deposition in the oral cavity of pregnant women was during the third trimester (36.4%).
 Conclusion: The pregnant females had a higher percentage of bleeding gums, while calculus deposition was higher in non-pregnant females. Pregnant females had more periodontal pockets of 4-5 mm, while pocket depths of 6mm or more were seen in non-pregnant females only.

A Comparison of Women’s Motivations to Enter the Police Profession in the Caribbean

Absent from the criminological literature on policing in the Caribbean are studies on female’s motivations to become police officers, studies using female police recruits and studies using a comparative approach. As a result of this gap, data were gathered from female police recruits in Jamaica ( N = 37) and Trinidad and Tobago ( N = 60) in July 2017 via a standardised, self-administered questionnaire in order to determine their motivations for entry into policing. The main motivation for female’s entry into policing in both jurisdictions was job security. Revenge and the desire for power and authority were the least cited motivations for entry into the police profession in both jurisdictions. The importance of females as police officers, study limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.

Satiety does not alter the ventral striatum's response to immediate reward in bulimia nervosa.

Individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) cycle between periods of binge-eating and compensatory behavior and periods of dietary restraint, suggesting extremes of under and overcontrol that may be metabolic-state related. This study examined the influence of hunger and satiety on impulsivity and neural responding during decision-making. Twenty-three women remitted from BN (RBN) and 20 healthy comparison women (CW) performed a delay discounting task after a 16-hr fast and following a standardized meal during functional neuroimaging. A dual-systems approach examined reward valuation (decision trials where the early reward option was available immediately) and cognitive control (all decision trials). Interactions of Group × Visit (Hungry, Fed) for immediate reward revealed that CW had greater activation when hungry versus fed in the ventral striatum and dorsal caudate, whereas RBN had greater response when fed versus hungry in the dorsal caudate. Compared to CW, RBN showed decreased response when hungry within the left dorsal caudate and ventral striatum and increased response when fed in bilateral dorsal caudate. No differences were found within cognitive control regions or with choice behavior. Reward sensitivity is normally increased when hungry and decreased when fed; our findings in CW provide further support of hunger-based reward sensitivity within the striatum. However, RBN showed no differences for hunger and satiety in the ventral striatum and greater activation in the dorsal caudate when fed compared to hungry. This suggests RBN may be less sensitive to reward when hungry but do not devalue reward when satiated, indicating altered metabolic modulation of self-regulatory control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Accuracy and Reliability of Visual Shade Color Discrimination by Men and Women in Comparison to Digital Shade Selection: A Comparative Study

Accuracy and Reliability of Visual Shade Color Discrimination by Men and Women in Comparison to Digital Shade Selection: A Comparative Study

Comparison of Women from Georgia and Contiguous States Who Obtained Abortions in Georgia, 1994\u20132016

ObjectivesTo determine trends for Georgia and contiguous state residents seeking abortions in Georgia between 1994 and 2016.MethodsWe analyzed aggregate vital statistics data, collected in Georgia, on Georgia residents (n = 675,995) and contiguous state residents (Alabama, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee) (n = 76,232) obtaining abortion and delivery services in Georgia between 1994 and 2016. We examined demographic, pregnancy, and abortion characteristics using counts, ratios, and χ2 tests of proportion.ResultsOf the data analyzed, 10.1% of all abortions were for contiguous state residents. The number of abortions in Georgia for contiguous state residents increased 35.3% from 1994 to 2016 (from n = 3115 to n = 4216) while it decreased for Georgia residents by 11.1% (from n = 32,934 to n = 29,264). Contiguous state residents exhibited a higher abortion ratio (1115) compared to Georgia women (224). These populations exhibited statistically significant differences across all variables and time points. Both populations demonstrated similar trends in ethnicity, race, education, marital status, and age. However, contiguous state residents were more likely to obtain an abortion at ≥ 20 weeks gestational age (13.8%) and obtained a lower proportion of suction curettage abortions (60.0%) and a higher proportion of dilation and evacuation procedures (31.9%). They were also less likely to be primigravid.Conclusions for PracticeWomen from neighboring states seek abortions in Georgia later in gestation and may therefore lack affordable, safe, early abortion care in their home states. Understanding trends in travel for abortion can allow providers and policymakers to better respond to the needs of patients.

Comparison of Women’s Intergenerational Perceptions of Men’s Makeup

Comparison of Women’s Intergenerational Perceptions of Men’s Makeup

Adequacy of Nutrients Intake among Jordanian Pregnant Women in Comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes.

Objective: Maternal nutrition is considered an important pillar in the pregnancy outcomes for both mother and infant. A mother’s malnutrition and inadequate nutrient intake is associated with many undesirable pregnancy outcomes. Hence, assessing the nutritional status of the mother in the early stages of the pregnancy and preventing any inadequacy can preclude many health problems for both mother and infant. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the adequacy of nutrient intakes among Jordanian pregnant women as compared to their corresponding dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a major University Hospital in Jordan. Three hundred pregnant women were invited to participate in the study and 286 agreed to participate. Fifty pregnant women were enrolled at week 9, then 96 pregnant women were at week 20 and 137 pregnant women were at week 30 of pregnancy. The participants completed the interview-based demographic questionnaire, pregnancy physical activity questionnaire, and quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: The mean energy intake was 2768.9 ± 767.8 kcal/day and it was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester (p < 0.05). Women in the 3rd trimester consumed significantly more protein, carbohydrates, and sugar than women in the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p < 0.05). The pregnant women in the 3rd trimester consumed more sodium than women in the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p < 0.05). The vitamin K intake was significantly (p = 0.045) lower in the 2nd trimester than the 1st and 3rd trimesters. The calcium intake was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester than the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p = 0.021). The total micronutrient (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, and D, calcium, and iron) intakes derived from dietary supplements and food sources throughout the 3 trimesters was significantly higher in the 3rd trimester than the 1st and 2nd trimesters (p < 0.05). The vitamin D, calcium, and iron intakes had the most significant increases between the 1st and 3rd trimesters (p < 0.001), while folic acid intake was significantly higher in the 1st trimester than the 2nd and 3rd trimester (p < 0.001). Most women exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for sodium in all trimesters, while 82% of women exceeded the UL of folic acid in the 1st trimester and from the supplement, not the diet. Conclusion: While the intake of some nutrients from food alone remains below the DRIs in the diets of pregnant women, the intake of other nutrients is above the UL. Raising the awareness of pregnant women about their diet and how a supplement intake can reduce the risk of inadequate intake for many micronutrients and improve their pregnancy outcomes is of great importance.

A Comparison of Women’s Travel to Mammography Services and Average Week Day Trip Length

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Long travel distances/times to a mammography service may act as a barrier that hinders women from seeking screening mammography on a recommended schedule. Average weekday trip length data from the New South Wales Travel Survey was compared with the average distance women travelled to a mammography service, the difference was tested using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The distance travelled to mammography services was statistically greater than the average week day trip length from the New South Wales Travel Survey (4.3 km, 95% CI 3.3 to 5.9 kms, p,0.001). This study has identified that within New South Wales there is a significant difference between average week day trip length travel and client travel to mammography services. Therefore, highlighting that women are undertaking a greater than normal travel burden to access mammography services. The comparison of normal weekday travel and travel to mammography services has enabled the burden of travel to mammography services to be identified. Reducing the burden of travel to mammography services is pivotal to increasing the utilization of mammography services and reducing the inequalities in health comes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Domestic Violence among Vietnamese Wives in South Korea: A Comparison of Women with and without In-Law Abuse

Domestic Violence among Vietnamese Wives in South Korea: A Comparison of Women with and without In-Law Abuse