Comparison Of Weight Changes Research Articles

Comparing Mobile-Based to Group-Based Education for Weight Reduction in a Developing Country: A Randomized Study.

This study compared the impact of Short Message Service (SMS)-based education with traditional group-based education and the control group on body mass index, weight, and lifestyle in obese and overweight patients in a limited-resource country. It also compared the direct financial costs between the two intervention groups. In this controlled randomized educational study, 90 overweight or obese adults from four family physician clinics in Shiraz, Iran were randomly allocated to three training groups: SMS-based education, group-based education, and a control group. The participants' weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were measured at baseline, and the Physical Activity Scale questionnaire was completed. Group-based training was conducted in 1-hour weekly sessions. The SMS group received a text message each morning. The control group received routine care from a family physician. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. All participants were re-examined for the studied variables. Additionally, the direct costs were estimated, calculated, and compared. The mean weight, BMI, and waist circumference changed significantly after 3 months compared to baseline in each group. The mean weight change differed significantly among the three groups (P-value=0.04), and the mean BMI changes were near significant (P-value=0.06). A post hoc comparison of changes in weight and BMI showed a significant difference between the control and SMS groups. SMS education incurred much lower costs for patients and healthcare services than group-based education. The study showed that SMS is an effective and cost-saving educational method for weight loss compared to group-based education, especially in developing countries.

A service evaluation of more than 1 million self-funding adults attending a community weight management programme.

Scaled interventions are required to address levels of overweight and obesity and reduce health inequalities. Little data is available on the effectiveness of community weight management programmes for participants self-selecting to attend across different socio-economic backgrounds. This analysis investigates 3, 6, and 12-month outcomes of adults joining a real-life community weight management programme. Weight, attendance and Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) data from all fee-paying adults joining Slimming World in 2016 were collated. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to determine predictors of weight loss. Mean BMI of 1 094 676 adults (7.6% male) was 33.0 ± 6.4 kg/m2. Mean % weight change at 3, 6, and 12 months was -5.0% ± 3.6%, -5.9% ± 5.2%, and -6.0% ± 5.8%. Those attending 75% sessions achieved greater weight loss with mean weight losses at 3, 6, and 12-months of 7.7% ± 3.3%, 11.3% ± 5.2%, and 14.1% ± 7.5%, respectively. Effect sizes from comparison of weight change between deprivation deciles were negligible, with similar outcomes in the most and least deprived deciles at 12-months (-5.7% ± 5.9% vs. -6.2% ± 5.9%). This service evaluation of more than 1 million adults attending a community weight management programme found they were able to achieve and/or maintain an average 6% weight loss at 12 months, with high attenders achieving >14% loss. Men and those with higher levels of deprivation were accessing the support and achieving significant weight losses. Slimming World as a real-life, scalable weight management programme is well placed to help adults manage their weight and address health inequalities.

Comparison of weight change between face-to-face and digital delivery of the English National Health service diabetes prevention programme: An exploratory non-inferiority study with imputation of plausible weight outcomes

Worldwide evidence suggests face-to-face diabetes prevention programmes are effective in preventing and delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes by encouraging behaviour change towards weight loss, healthy eating, and increased exercise. There is an absence of evidence on whether digital delivery is as effective as face-to-face. During 2017–18 patients in England were offered the National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme as group-based face-to-face delivery, digital delivery (‘digital-only’) or a choice between digital and face-to-face (‘digital-choice’). The contemporaneous delivery allowed for a robust non-inferiority study, comparing face-to-face with digital only and digital choice cohorts.Changes in weight at 6 months were missing for around half of participants. Here we take a novel approach, estimating the average effect in all 65,741 individuals who enrolled in the programme, by making a range of plausible assumptions about weight change in individuals who did not provide outcome data. The benefit of this approach is that it includes everyone who enrolled in the programme, not restricted to those who completed. We analysed the data using multiple linear regression models.Under all scenarios explored, enrolment in the digital diabetes prevention programme was associated with clinically significant reductions in weight which were at least equivalent to weight loss in the face-to-face programme. Digital services can be just as effective as face-to-face in delivering a population-based approach to the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Imputation of plausible outcomes is a feasible methodological approach, suitable for analysis of routine data in settings where outcomes are missing for non-attenders.

Efficacy and Safety of Megestrol in the Hospitalized Older Person.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of megestrol for off-label use in older patients with weight loss. Design Retrospective, nonblinded cohort study. Setting Upstate University Hospital is a 420-bed facility and academic medical center with a level 1 trauma center. Upstate Community Hospital is a 314-bed acute care/hospital/ambulatory care center and long-term care hospital that also provides teaching services. Participants Patients 65 years of age and older without malignancy or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were initiated and continued megestrol therapy at the Upstate University hospitals for at least two weeks were included. Of the 1,290 patients initially screened, 16 patients on megestrol were evaluated. An age- and gender-matched control group of 16 patients was utilized for comparison of changes in weight and other variables. Interventions Patients in the megestrol group have received daily doses of megestrol between 160 mg to 800 mg for an average duration of 19 days. Patients in the control group had no history or current use of megestrol utilization. Main Outcome Measurements The primary outcome was an increase in weight. Secondary outcome measures included albumin and thromboembolic events. Changes in weight and albumin were also compared with the control group. Results At a mean duration of 19 days, there was no significant difference in weight gain (0.95 kg, OR = 1.33 [95% CI -1.615-3.527]). Albumin decreased by (0.4 g/dL OR = 0.916 [95% CI 0.12-0.78]) and none of the patients developed a thromboembolic event. Conclusion In older hospitalized patients, megestrol did not increase weight, and did not improve albumin. No thromboembolic events were observed, but this may be because of a limited duration of observation of therapy and the routine use of anticoagulation prophylaxis in the inpatient setting.

1005. Comparison of Weight Changes in Treatment-Naïve, HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Integrase Inhibitor-Based Therapy Versus Protease Inhibitor-Based Therapy

BackgroundRecent data regarding integrase inhibitor (INSTI) therapy indicate possible association with weight gain. The incidence and degree of weight gain seems to vary by both patient-specific and regimen-related factors, such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTI) backbone.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of previously ART-naïve Indiana University Health LifeCare Clinic patients who started an INSTI- or PI-based regimens from 1/1/13 to 7/31/19. Adult patients without prior ART exposure receiving an INSTI- or PI-based regimen for at least 10 months were included. The primary objective was weight gain at 12 months after starting ART. Subgroup analyses were conducted by INSTI, PI, or NRTI backbone utilized. Statistical testing included Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test and Chi Square analyses.ResultsThe patient population (N=162) was predominately male and African American with relative immunocompetence, generally achieving viral suppression after 12 months of ART. Patients receiving PI-based therapy were more likely to be Asian American or Hispanic (p=0.04), and to receive a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based regimen (p=0.0034). No statistically significant difference in weight change was observed between INSTI- and PI-based regimens (median weight gain 5.1 kg vs 3.9 kg, p=0.52). The proportion of obese or overweight patients in the INSTI arm increased significantly as compared to baseline (p=0.00001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant increases in weight gain and clinically significant weight gain with tenofovir-based (tenofovir alafenamide and TDF) regimens compared to those with abacavir/lamivudine (p< 0.05).Primary Objective BMI Category Changes by INSTI or PI Agent NRTI Subgroup Analyses ConclusionLack of power makes meaningful interpretation of the results for the primary objective difficult. However, several of the prespecified secondary objectives and subgroup analyses demonstrated clinically significant results related to increased weight gain or BMI category changes with INSTI-, PI-, and tenofovir-based regimens. Checking the patient’s weight at every appointment is considered standard practice at IU Health clinics, but missing values despite qualifying encounters were observed. Further commitment to standardized weighing practices should be a priority at clinics caring for patients living with HIV.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Microstructural evolution and cyclic oxidation of Pt-Al-YSZ coating under thermal shock

In this research, the effect of thermal shock has been investigated on the microstructure and cyclic oxidation of Pt-Al-7%YSZ coating applied on Rene-80 superalloy. The microstructural evaluation and phase identification were performed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal shock test consisted of repeated cycles of rapid cooling between 900 °C and 400 °C. Prior to the thermal shock test, the specimen coated by Pt-electroplating, high-activity low-temperature (HALT) aluminizing and the thermal spray of YSZ ceramic layer. From surface towards the substrate; the coating consisted of 5 layers including: 7% YSZ, PtAl2 + β-(Ni,Pt)Al, β-(Ni,Pt)Al with fine precipitates rich in α-(Cr) and α-(W), precipitate-free β-NiAl, and inter-diffusion zone next to the specimen surface. After the thermal shock test, spallation and delamination have been observed in the YSZ layer. The Pt-Al layer was found in upper and lower parts of the coating with different Pt concentration. Also, the chemical composition of the Pt-Al layer demonstrated the removal of PtAl2 particles and β transformation to both γ and γ′ phases. Degradation of Pt-Al layer occurred by ratcheting the thermally grown oxide (TGO), rumpling, and cavitation. Comparison of weight changes showed that the thermal shock resistance is improved by Pt-Al-7% YSZ coating.

Patient-Centered Foodservice Model Improves Body Weight, Nutritional Intake and Patient Satisfaction in Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment

Hospital malnutrition is a multi-factorial and complex problem seen in cancer patients receiving treatment, which is associated with poorer outcomes. Appropriate foodservice interventions may be required to improve nutritional status, prevent malnutrition and promote patient satisfaction. We introduced and implemented a patient-centered foodservice model with the aim of improving patient’s overall nutritional care and enhancing patient experience. A cross-sectional analysis was done to evaluate outcomes between the traditional foodservice model and the newly implemented patient-centered foodservice model. A meal intake observation tool using a five-point visual scale along with a patient satisfaction survey was used to understand nutritional intake and patient satisfaction, respectively. The findings suggest increased nutritional intake and improved patient satisfaction with the patient-centered foodservice model. Comparison of weight change and nutritional intake between a traditional foodservice model (n = 60) and the patient-centered foodservice model (n = 100) showed a significant weight gain and increase in energy and protein intake (P < 0.01) in the patient-centered foodservice model. Higher patient satisfaction ratings indicated improvement with foodservice across domains in quality and flavor of food, timeliness of delivery, diet education and overall satisfaction. The study concludes that the patient-centered foodservice model can increase the nutritional intake in oncology patients and improve overall patient satisfaction.

The effects of milk intake and whole-body vibration exercise on bone mineral density in elderly women in nursing homes.

[Purpose] This study was designed to investigate the effects of lactose-free milk intake and whole-body vibration exercises on bone density in elderly female nursing home residents who had difficulty exercising outdoors and had not consumed milk. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty seven elderly women aged 70 or older from 3 nursing homes located in Incheon, Korea participated in the study. The experimental group (n=13) carried out whole-body vibration exercises and drank lactose-free milk, while the control group (n=14) continued to live their ordinary nursing home lives. Weight, BMI, T-scores, and Z-scores were compared between the experimental and control groups after 12 weeks. [Results] The comparison of changes in weight and BMI in the control group before and after the 12-week experiment found no statistically significant differences. However, bone mineral density was significantly different, with the T-score significantly decreasing from −2.99 to −3.48 and the Z-score decreasing from −1.87 to −2.58. The other comparisons of physical changes in the control group before and after the 12-week experiment found no statistical significance. [Conclusion] The results indicate that regular consumption of lactose-free milk and performing whole-body vibration exercises can delay the progression of bone density loss in older adults in nursing homes; adequate exercise and calcium intake could eventually help prevent fractures.

Abstract P6-10-11: Longitudinal comparison of weight change in breast cancer survivors to cancer-free women: a prospective study in women with a familial risk of breast cancer

Abstract Background: Although postdiagnosis weight gain has been reported in breast cancer (BC) survivors from the general population, weight gain has not been studied in survivors with a familial BC risk who tend to be younger, treated with chemotherapy and more frequently diagnosed with an estrogen receptor (ER) negative BC. In addition, most studies of weight change in survivors have not included a comparison group of cancer-free women and therefore are unable to distinguish the impact of cancer or related treatment on weight gain versus increasing age. In this study we examine the change in weight among survivors compared to cancer-free women from the same high-risk cohort. Methods: In an ongoing prospective cohort of women at Johns Hopkins with a family history of BC, ovarian cancer, and/or a BRCA1/2 mutation, we identified 303 survivors of incident stage 0-III BC and 552 cancer-free women who were ≥ 20 years at enrollment, completed a baseline questionnaire and at least one follow-up questionnaire within 4 years. Linear and logistic regression was used to estimate change in self-reported weight from baseline to follow-up between survivors and cancer-free women. Survivors were categorized based on time between BC diagnosis and baseline, as well as BC treatment categories. Results: Greater than 60 percent of BC survivors were diagnosed under 50 years, and 22.3% had ER negative tumors. Neither weight nor body mass index (BMI) at baseline differed between survivors and cancer-free women; this was irrespective of tumor subtype. Survivors were more likely than cancer-free women to have ever used statins (19.5% in survivors vs. 14.9% in cancer-free women). Average change in weight during follow-up was 2.92 (95% CI 0.92, 4.91) pounds greater in survivors compared to cancer-free women after adjustment for age, baseline BMI, menopausal status, physical activity, statin use, and enrollment year. The greatest weight gain was observed in survivors diagnosed within 5 years prior to baseline, and treated with chemotherapy and not hormone therapy compared to cancer-free women. This group of survivors was 2.12 (95% CI 1.16, 3.90) times more likely than cancer-free women to have gained at least 11 lbs during follow-up. Further those survivors who had used statins gained significantly more weight compared to cancer-free statin users and non-users with and without cancer (p for interaction = 0.012); this increase in weight gain was largely driven by survivors who had received chemotherapy and statins (p for interaction = 0.008). Conclusion: In this study, BC survivors recently diagnosed and treated with chemotherapy were twice as likely to gain at least 11 lbs, compared to cancer-free women. This amount of weight gain has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease and diabetes in women. Therefore survivors in these categories may benefit from early interventions aimed to reduce weight gain. Intriguingly, we observed a statistically significant interaction for statin use on weight gain in chemotherapy-treated survivors, which may reflect an underlying biological interaction between these agents in BC survivors. Given the prevalence of statin use in this population, this needs to be explored further. Citation Format: Amy L Gross, Sarah A Davidovics, Deborah K Armstrong, Jennifer E Axilbund, Betty J May, Kala Visvanathan. Longitudinal comparison of weight change in breast cancer survivors to cancer-free women: a prospective study in women with a familial risk of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-11.

Comparison of weight changes following unilateral and staged bilateral STN DBS for advanced PD

Unilateral and bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) result in weight gain in the initial postoperative months, but little is known about the changes in weight following unilateral and staged bilateral STN DBS over longer time intervals. A case–control comparison evaluated weight changes over 2 years in 43 consecutive unilateral STN DBS patients, among whom 25 elected to undergo staged bilateral STN DBS, and 21 age-matched and disease severity matched PD controls without DBS. Regression analyses incorporating age, gender, and baseline weight in case or control were conducted to assess weight changes 2 years after the initial unilateral surgery. Unilateral STN DBS and staged bilateral STN DBS patients gained 3.9 ± 2.0 kg and 5.6 ± 2.1 kg versus their preoperative baseline weight (P < 0.001, respectively) while PD controls without DBS lost 0.8 ± 1.1 kg. Although bilateral STN DBS patients gained 1.7 kg more than unilateral STN DBS patients at 2 years, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.885). Although there was a trend toward greater weight gain in staged bilateral STN DBS patients versus unilateral patients, we found no evidence for an equivalent or synergistic increase in body weight following placement of the second DBS electrode.

Aripiprazole-Related Body-Weight Gain and Nutritional Counseling

Aripiprazole-Related Body-Weight Gain and Nutritional Counseling

Unraveling the defect chemistry and proton uptake of yttrium-doped barium zirconate

A review of the experimental literature documenting water uptake in yttrium-doped barium zirconate in combination with new results obtained here show that much of the observed scatter can be explained in terms of barium deficiency, which furthermore induces a lowering in cell volume. In addition, through a comparison of weight changes under regular and heavy water vapor pressure, strong evidence is found for bulk oxidation of the oxide by water simultaneous with hydration.

Tube Feeding May Improve Adherence to Radiation Treatment Schedule in Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer patients have a high risk of malnutrition because of lifestyle and dietary factors that may precipitate the disease, the disease itself, and therapies that often hinder feeding by mouth. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) for the cancer patient aims to promote positive health and quality of life outcomes through provision of nutritional care. Outcomes research evaluates the effectiveness of MNT to produce these desired results. The present study determined if tube feedings, initiated prior to and continued throughout the radiation therapy, were associated with compliance with radiation therapy and weight maintenance in head and neck cancer patients. A chart review of a Tumor Registry at a metropolitan, tertiary care center from 1989–1995 identified 125 head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation therapy, 21 of whom were tube fed. Seventeen tube-fed patients with complete medical information were matched with 17 non–tube-fed patients (based on primary tumor site, disease stage, total radiation dosage, treatment with chemotherapy and/or surgery, and age) for a comparison of weight changes across the radiation therapy and number of missed treatment days. Groups did not differ on weight lost from preillness to disease presentation. The tube feeding group was associated with fewer missed treatment days and less weight loss. These concurrent findings suggest that the tube feeding supported the patient's nutritional status and improved treatment adherence. Prospective studies will test this supposition empirically. Nonetheless, the chart review offers a time-efficient process to evaluate the outcomes of MNT.

Comparison of weight changes after total hip or knee arthroplasty

A prospective study of the effect on weight in 192 patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) (124 hips) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (68 knees) was performed. Patients' weights at 1 year after THA or TKA were compared with their preoperative weights. There was little or no effect on a patient's weight after TKA. Women undergoing THA gained on average 3.1 kg (6.8 lb), whereas men gained on average 2.5 kg (5.5 lb). This information may be of benefit to a surgeon whose patient needs encouragement to lose weight before undergoing a THA.

Effect of controlling natural field-tick infestation on the growth of N'Dama and Gobra zebu cattle in the Gambia

The effect of tick infestations on liveweight gain (LWG) was assessed by comparison of weight changes in flumethrin-treated N'Dama and Gobra zebu cattle (16–20 months old) with respective control groups submitted to natural tick challenge over 1 year. Flumethrin was applied monthly, fortnightly or weekly. Preventive treatments against anaplasmosis, babesiosis and trypanosomosis were given. Mortality rate was recorded and post-mortem examinations carried out. In both treated and control animals, significantly fewer Hyalomma spp. and Amblyomma variegatum were found on N'Dama than on Gobra zebu cattle. Both breeds were equally susceptible to Rhipicephalus senegalensis infestation. Total annual tick burdens did not cause significant differences in LWG between acaricide-treated and control cattle in either breeds. LWG was also not affected during or after the annual peak of tick infestation (composed mainly by A. variegatum and R. senegalensis). Equally-high mortality (35%), due to unidentified causes, was recorded in acaricide-treated and control Gobra cattle; mortality in N'Dama cattle was 7.5%. In both breeds, about the 90% of mortality occurred at the end of the dry season. Breed differences in tick burden confirm previous results. If tick-borne infections do not influence LWG or mortality, then it is concluded that intensive tick control is not justifiable in Gambian livestock.

PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON TEMPERATE LICHEN SPECIES I. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT ASSIMILATION IN THE FIELD, BASED ON LABORATORY RESPONSES

SummaryA model has been constructed to predict assimilation in four lichen species using climatological data. Gas exchange of the lichens has been measured in the laboratory in response to seasonal, light, temperature and moisture changes. By fitting polynomial equations to the response curves, the model predicts assimilation on the basis of these variables. A comparison of weight changes measured in the field with assimilation values predicted by the model using climatological data measured in the field, shows that the model gives realistic predictions over periods of 1 month. The model also permits the importance of the various environmental parameters to be examined, singly and in combination. Predicted assimilation values on climatically different days suggest that moisture is the single most important factor governing lichen growth – the assimilation gains during one rainy summer day can counteract the losses of five dry days. The model can now be extended to examine possible reasons for lichen distribution.

Premenstrual tension: Symptoms and weight changes related to potassium therapy

With the use of patients with and without evidence of premenstrual tension, a study was done in which comparison of weight changes and symptoms were evaluated during control menstrual cycles, menstrual cycles when a placebo (glucose) was taken, and menstrual cycles when a diuretic (potassium chloride) was taken. It was found that the clinician can make a verifiable diagnosis of premenstrual tension. While the symptoms of this entity could not be correlated with premenstrual weight gain, they could be with lability of weight during the 5 days preceding menses. In fact, in all of the cycles (control, placebo, and diuretic-treated), there was found to be a highly significant gain in weight in the 5 days premenses. The use of oral potassium chloride supplements in gelatine capsules had no effect on symptoms reported by patients with premenstrual tension.

The effect of ingestion of diatomaceous earth in white rats: A subacute toxicity test

The effects of 5% diatomaceous earth in the diet fed to white rats over a 90-day period indicated no mechanical or chemical damage to the tissues. There was no significant increase in the percentage of residual silica in liver, kidneys, and spleens of the test animals. Comparison of weight changes in the 5% group with the control showed a greater weight gain in the 5% test group. Histologic sections of animals fed 3% and 1% diatomaceous earth also showed no damage.

A comparison of weight changes in pregnant and non-pregnant female rats.

A comparison of weight changes in pregnant and non-pregnant female rats.