Comparison Of Various Protocols Research Articles

Investigation of Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Biologically Active Plant-Derived Natural Products.

The aim of this publication is to present rapid screening methods (visual/colorimetric) that will enable quick identification of the presence of biologically active compounds in aqueous solutions. For this reason, 26 plant extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction were analysed for the content of these compounds. Higher plants, used as a raw material for extraction, are common in Europe and are easily available. The article proposes a comparison of various protocols for the identification of various compounds, e.g., phenolic compounds (phenols, tannins, anthocyanins, coumarins, flavones, flavonoids), vitamin C, quinones, quinines, resins, glycosides, sugars. Initial characterisation of the composition of plant extracts using fast and inexpensive methods allows you to avoid the use of time-consuming analyses with the use of advanced research equipment. In addition, the antioxidant activity of plant extracts using spectrophotometric methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assay) and quantitative analysis of plant hormones such as abscisic acid, benzoic acid, gibberellic acid, indole acetic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, zeatin, zeatin riboside, and isipentenyl adenine was performed. The obtained results prove that the applied visual methods show different sensitivity in detecting the sought chemical compounds. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the presence or absence of bioactive substances and their concentration using modern analytical methods.

A Survey on Comparison of Various Protocols and Key Management Issues in Manet

A Survey on Comparison of Various Protocols and Key Management Issues in Manet

Comparative study of various protocols of DDS

In this paper the comparison of various protocols of Dynamic Discovery Service is studied. This paper outlines the initiatives focused on discussing and understanding various DDS protocols on the basis of their common features. The comparison is structured by taking various features as the base for this comparison. Service Discovery Protocol (SDP), Jini, Salutation, Service Location Protocol (SLP), Secure Pervasive Discovery Protocol (SPDP), Universal Discovery Description and Integration (UDDI), and Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) are discussed briefly in this paper.

New Deafness-Aware Mac Protocol for Directional Antennas in WANET’S

A favorable technique is using directional antennas for high – speed wireless personal area networks and local.A new MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks which is referred to as New deafness-aware MAC(NDA-MAC) is proposed in this paper. There are many directional MAC protocols which have been proposed, but have not broadly solved the problem of deafness. We are proposing NDA-MAC protocol which can differentiate the deafness problem from collisions by using control channels and logical data.so we are providing a discrete-time Markov chain model for analyzing the deafness impact for both DA-MAC and the current technique. By wide simulations we are showing our NDA-MAC protocol can expressively perform the other current techniques with respect to the duration of deafness , throughput , transmission fairness and energy consumption. Mainly Ad-hoc networks are suffering from hidden nodes(terminals) problem ,leading to the problem of the nodes which are hidden (terminals), which indicates to Spartan degradation in network throughput. A survey of this which will give a basic idea of MAC protocols which will directly or indirectly indicate this problem .The mentioned protocols are set in various for giving the reader a detail understanding for the growth made in types and are discussed in detail. To provide the reader a bottomless understanding for the progress done in enhancing the hidden node problem as well as a detailed comparison of various protocols are shown. General Terms Switched Beam Antenna, Ad-hoc networks, Throughput

Comparison and performance of routing protocols in SONET based networks

In this paper, comparison of various protocols used in the SONET based networks has been investigated in terms of the performance characteristics like end-to-end queuing delay, end-to-end link throughput, link utilization, etc. By creating a model to simulate the packet flow within a SONET DCC network characteristics of two routing protocols, the RIP (routing information protocol) and OSPF (open shortest path first) defined in the G.7712 standard are analyzed. Finally on comparing all the performance characteristics of the two routing protocol it is observed that OSPF protocol achieves better performance and is the least obtrusive on network operations.

Stress-echocardiography in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: instructions for use.

A number of studies have suggested that stress-echocardiography may be used for prognostic stratification in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. There is no consensus on which protocol or which measurements of left ventricular contractile reserve to use. The most frequently used protocol is low-dose dobutamine stress-echocardiography, and most commonly used measures of left ventricular systolic performance are ejection fraction, wall motion score index and cardiac power output.Stress-echocardiography has been shown to predict improvement in cardiac function in patients with recently diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as to predict which patients will benefit from the treatment with beta-blockers. Most importantly, stress-echocardiography can identify patients with worse prognosis in terms of cardiac death and need for transplantation. Additionally, contractile reserve is closely correlated with maximal oxygen consumption and can even be used for further stratification in patients with maximal oxygen consumption between 10 and 14 ml/kg/min.Future studies are needed for head-to-head comparison of various protocols in an attempt to make standardization in the assessment of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Abortion induced with methotrexate and misoprostol: A comparison of various protocols

Seven hundred fifty-six women had abortions induced with methotrexate and misoprostol. Various protocols were compared. In Group 1, phase 1, after receiving 50 mg/m 2 methotrexate IM, 289 women were randomized to receive either 750 or 500 μg of vaginal misoprostol. In Group 1, phase 2, 84 women who had failed to abort after one dose of misoprostol were randomized to receive either vaginal or oral routes for the second dose of misoprostol given on Day 8. In Group 2, a cohort of 226 women who received 60 mg/m 2 methotrexate were compared to the 289 women who received 50 mg/m 2 in Group 1. There were no differences in rates of effectiveness in the various trial groups. Side effects were greater with 60 mg/m 2 of methotrexate. In Group 3, a cohort of 241 women received the misoprostol in three vaginal doses 8 hr apart starting on Day 5, and were compared to the 289 women in Group 1 receiving one vaginal dose. In women whose medical abortion failed, fetuses were found to have limb abnormalities. In the total group of 756 women, 88.8% aborted successfully without surgical aspiration, with only minor side effects, and the acceptance rate was high. This study indicates that medical abortions induced with methotrexate and misoprostol are safe and effective, but more research is needed to find a more effective protocol.