Comparison Of Empirical Results Research Articles

Automated Matching Skills to Improve the Accuracy of Job Applicant Selection Using Indonesian National Work Competency Standards

The high number of cyberattack anomalies and data leaks in Indonesia increases the need for cybersecurity in various companies. Cybersecurity capabilities and skills in Indonesia are divided into three categories based on the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI), namely Security Operation Center (SOC), Cybersecurity test/Penetration testing (Pentest), and Information Security Audit. Although various approaches have been applied in different companies to select job applicants, a new method with automated matching is explored in this study. This method matches the skills possessed by prospective job applicants with the profile of their job task requirements based on the SKKNI Decree of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia using Machine Learning (ML) models. The empirical comparison of results comes from automated matchmaking processed by Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) and Decision Tree algorithm models. Before modeling, the data is trained and evaluated for testing. Then to assess the most optimal algorithm between MNB and Decision Tree, a confusion matrix is proposed and used to find the best model. From the evaluation results, both models performed well and were highly accurate during training and test evaluation. The Decision Tree model performs slightly better than the MNB model, but both still provide satisfactory results in classifying data based on the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) categories. This study offers a solution to minimize the number of potential applicants who are not competent in the three SKKNI cybersecurity job categories due to the mismatch of their abilities and skills.

Comparison of pressure-loss evaluation fidelity in turbulent energy dissipation models of poppet check valves using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software

Check valves are critical components of fluid systems and have various applications, including house appliances. This article presents a methodology for mapping geometry-specific constriction pressure loss as a function of flow and turbulence in a check valve. This study aimed to gain insight on which Ansys Fluent available turbulent energy dissipation model should be used for further design optimization. This methodology consists of a statistical comparison of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results obtained using the turbulent energy dissipation models. The key components of the simulation process are discussed. The study’s main results are a comparison of empirical results among flow models’ estimated pressure loss, shown as a function of flow rate in specific geometry and identification of the most suitable model for the considered application. This study concludes that the K-Epsilon (Standard) model best represents the empirically measured behavior of naturally occurring flow energy losses in the considered geometry.

Achieving fuel efficiency of harbour craft vessel via combined time-series and classification machine learning model with operational data

This paper presents work on forecasting the fuel consumption rate of a harbour craft vessel through the combined time-series and classification prediction modelling. This study utilizes the machine learning tool which is trained using the 5-month raw operational data, i.e., fuel rate, vessel position and wind data. The Haar wavelet transform filters the noisy readings in the fuel flow rate data. Wind data are transformed into wind effect (drag), and the vessel speed is acquired through transforming GPS coordinates of vessel location to vessel distance travelled over time. Subsequently, the k-means clustering groups the tugboat operational data from the same operations (i.e., cruising and towing) for the training of the classification model. Both the time-series (LSTM network) and classification models are executed in parallel to make prediction results. The comparison of empirical results is made to discuss the effect of different architectures and hyperparameters on the prediction performance. Finally, fuel usage optimization by hypothetical adjustment of vessel speed is presented as one direct application of the methods presented in this paper.

SOCIO ECOLOGICAL PROFILES OF PARTICIPANTS IN SPORTS ACTIVITY IN POLAND RANDOM TREE BASED ANALYSIS

While the benefits of sports activity are well-documented, people remain reluctant to engage in it in selected developed countries (including Middle and Eastern Europe). A comparison of empirical results indicates that the reasons behind such behaviour are heterogenous and complex. As implied by the socio-ecological framework, different spheres of life and the interactions between them matter. By using the results of a study on Polish society conducted in 2015, Social Diagnosis, and a random forest model, we show the key demographic, socio-economic characteristics and interactions between them in explaining the difference between engaging in sports activity and not doing so. In particular, we identify three crucial variables: age, participation of other adults in the same household in sports activity, and proclivity for restaurants, bars, pubs.

Analytical modeling of the attack of double costs on a blockchain system with a probabilistic consensus protocol

To build safe and reliable distributed decentralized systems using blockchain technology, a continuous chain of blocks is created, the unauthorized modification of which is not allowed by the applied cryptographic mechanisms. This is achieved by using unidirectional, collision resistant and search prototypes of cryptographic functions whose hash values from previous blocks are included in subsequent blocks. As a result, an unauthorized change in at least one bit of data in the previous blocks will be immediately detected. However, in the case of distributed storage of information, there is an additional requirement of synchronization of individual chains of blocks that are stored by various nodes. These and other issues are resolved by applying consensus building mechanisms, through which, after a certain sequence of actions, a continuous sequence of blocks (blockchain chain) becomes the same on all nodes of a decentralized network. This work examines one of the main vulnerabilities of blockchain systems built by consensus with probabilistic completion, namely, a double-spend attack. Based on the model of “independent players”, an analytical expression is obtained for calculating the probability of an attacker's successful double-spending attack. The quantitative values of the probability of a successful attack are given for various abilities of an attacker, a different number of generated blocks and a different race duration. Using computer simulation, the calculated values are experimentally verified. All empirical estimates were obtained with high accuracy (relative error not higher than 1%) and reliability (confidence level of at least 99%). To confirm the adequacy of the results obtained, a comparison of empirical results with theoretical calculations is given.

A comparison of coal supply-demand in China and in the US based on a network model

Through analysis the actual coal supply and demand in the US and China, the properties of the coal supply-demand market in both countries are investigated based on the energy supply-demand network. The validity of our model is verified by comparing numerical results with empirical results. The comparison of empirical results and the comparison of coal network model parameters between in the US and in China reveal the essence of the internal differences and similarities of coal supply and demand in these two countries. The third stage of China's coal network was close to that of the US in 1995, indicating that the evolutional situation of China's coal market begins to transit to an oligopolistic type. Finally, suggestions for China's coal supply-demand strategy are put forward.

Field-Induced Negative Differential Spin Lifetime in Silicon

We show that the electric-field-induced thermal asymmetry between the electron and lattice systems in pure silicon substantially impacts the identity of the dominant spin relaxation mechanism. Comparison of empirical results from long-distance spin transport devices with detailed MonteCarlo simulations confirms a strong spin depolarization beyond what is expected from the standard Elliott-Yafet theory even at low temperatures. The enhanced spin-flip mechanism is attributed to phonon emission processes during which electrons are scattered between conduction band valleys that reside on different crystal axes. This leads to anomalous behavior, where (beyond a critical field) reduction of the transit time between spin-injector and spin-detector is accompanied by a counterintuitive reduction in spin polarization and an apparent negative spin lifetime.

Iterative Proportional Fitting Procedure to Determine Bus Route Passenger Origin–Destination Flows

The advent of automatic passenger counter (APC) technologies is resulting in the collection of comprehensive boarding and alighting data on an ongoing basis across transit networks. The availability of APC data offers a new opportunity to determine origin–destination (O-D) flows on a frequent and comprehensive basis. In this paper, the performance of a simple procedure for route-level O-D flow determination requiring only boarding and alighting data is investigated. Specifically, the performance of the iterative proportional fitting (IPF) procedure used with a null base matrix is examined on the basis of a field experiment in which true O-D flows are observed. Because of the noninformative nature of the null matrix, using the IPF procedure with the null matrix as its input base may not be expected to produce good results. In a comparison of empirical results with those produced by other benchmark procedures, the IPF–null procedure is found to perform surprisingly well. The quality of the resulting matrices appears to be roughly similar to that of matrices derived from an onboard survey, the benchmark for what has been achieved in practice, but at much higher cost. The results indicate that much can be gained from using readily available APC data, even when the simple IPF–null procedure is applied. Moreover, using the better base obtained from an onboard survey with the IPF procedure improved performance, but less markedly compared with use of the null base; this difference indicates that combining onboard survey information with APC data provides a better O-D matrix than what can be derived from an onboard survey alone, even when the simple IPF procedure is used.

Comparison of Empirical Results of the Fight Against Corruption in the Czech and Slovak Republics (in Czech)

In this paper, I compare the results of the different strategies of the fight against corruption realized by the Czech and Slovak governments. I use two types of empirical indicators. The first empirical comparison is based on hard data statistics of the malfeasance connected with corruption. The second empirical comparison is based on soft data surveys conducted by EBRD and World Bank together with EBRD. While the Slovak Republic was more successful than the Czech Republic according to hard data statistics, the Czech Republic remains relatively less corrupt in the light of soft data surveys. This conclusion might suggests that the repressive strategy of the fight against corruption pursued by the Slovak government did not succeed.

Identification of spatial PH quintic Hermite interpolants with near-optimal shape measures

The problem of specifying the two free parameters that arise in spatial Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) quintic interpolants to given first-order Hermite data is addressed. Conditions on the data that identify when the “ordinary” cubic interpolant becomes a PH curve are formulated, since it is desired that the selection procedure should reproduce such curves whenever possible. Moreover, it is shown that the arc length of the interpolants depends on only one of the parameters, and that four (general) helical PH quintic interpolants always exist, corresponding to extrema of the arc length. Motivated by the desire to improve the fairness of interpolants to general data at reasonable computational cost, three selection criteria are proposed. The first criterion is based on minimizing a bivariate function that measures how “close” the PH quintic interpolants are to a PH cubic. For the second criterion, one of the parameters is fixed by first selecting interpolants of extremal arc length, and the other parameter is then determined by minimizing the distance measure of the first method, considered as a univariate function. The third method employs a heuristic but efficient procedure to select one parameter, suggested by the circumstances in which the “ordinary” cubic interpolant is a PH curve, and the other parameter is then determined as in the second method. After presenting the theory underlying these three methods, a comparison of empirical results from their implementation is described, and recommendations for their use in practical design applications are made.

Ecological Footprints in Plural: A Meta-analytic Comparison of Empirical Results

Nijkamp P., Rossi E. and Vindigni G. (2004) Ecological footprints in plural: a meta-analytic comparison of empirical results, Regional Studies38, 747-765. The concept of an ecological footprint is intriguing and has prompted an avalanche of theoretical and applied research. In recent publications both the scientific basis and the policy relevance of this concept have been given ample attention, while also much empirical work has been undertaken to assess the value of the ecological footprint in different regions or countries of the world. The paper starts with a concise critical overview of the current discussion on ecological footprints. Its main aim, however, is to provide a meta-analytic assessment and interpretation of the various empirical findings in the recent literature that offer estimated values or ranges of the ecological footprint indicator. The sensitivity of ecological footprints for the stringent assumptions made in the calculation schemes is investigated using frequency analyses, cross- ta...

Coupling of fingertip somatosensory information to head and body sway.

Light touch contact of a fingertip with a stationary surface can provide orientation information that enhances control of upright stance. Slight changes in contact force at the fingertip provide sensory cues about the direction of body sway, allowing attenuation of sway. In the present study, we asked to which extent somatosensory cues are part of the postural control system, that is, which sensory signal supports this coupling? We investigated postural control not only when the contact surface was stationary, but also when it was moving rhythmically (from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz). In doing so, we brought somatosensory cues from the hand into conflict with other parts of the postural control system. Our focus was the temporal relationship between body sway and the contact surface. Postural sway was highly coherent with contact surface motion. Head and body sway assumed the frequency of the moving contact surface at all test frequencies. To account for these results, a simple model was formulated by approximating the postural control system as a second-order linear dynamical system. The influence of the touch stimulus was captured as the difference between the velocity of the contact surface and the velocity of body sway, multiplied by a coupling constant. Comparison of empirical results (relative phase, coherence, and gain) with model predictions supports the hypothesis of coupling between body sway and touch cues through the velocity of the somatosensory stimulus at the fingertip. One subject, who perceived movement of the touch surface, demonstrated weaker coupling than other subjects, suggesting that cognitive mechanisms introduce flexibility into the postural control scheme.

Are the Rules of Address Universal?

Our basic question was: Does the alleged universality of Brown's Invariant Norm of Address (1965) extend to Greek usage? 56 Greek speakers forming a diverse sample reported actual address usage received from and sent to 28 categories of interactants. Their answers were coded in terms of three quantitative indices which measure the degree of reciprocity, solidarity, and inequality in dyadic address exchanges. The indices permit the precise comparison of empirical results with theoretical expectations. The results provided strong support for Brown's description of the structure of address exchange such that we may add Greek to the languages that jointly support the claim for the university of the rules of address.

An Empirical Study of Children's Psychological Rights

Groups of psychology students, parents and children in Melbourne, Australia, were recently asked to judge the importance of the psychological rights of children drafted in 1978 by the International School Psychology Committee by ranking them or selecting the rights that they regarded as most important. The derived ranks for the three groups of subjects showed quite high positive relationships but some psychologically significant discrepancies appeared between children and adults. Psychology students appeared to expect conflicts with schools over children's rights. A comparison of empirical results with the Declaration of the Psychological Rights of the Child accepted at the 3rd International Colloquium in School Psychology in July, 1979, showed fair agreement.