Comparison Of Boys Research Articles

Relationship Between Career Maturity and Self-Efficacy Among Male and Female Senior Secondary Students

This study investigated the relationship between Career Maturity and Self-Efficacy of senior secondary students and studied the comparison of boys' and girls' Career Maturity and Self-Efficacy at the senior secondary stage. The study employed a descriptive research design. The population for the study consisted of all government and private senior secondary students at Muzaffarpur in Bihar. The sample for the study comprised 792 students (370 boys and 422 girls) of standard XII which were selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The study reveals that the career maturity of senior secondary students was positively correlated with the selfefficacy of senior secondary students. A significant difference was found between the mean scores of boys and girls of senior secondary on the various dimensions of career maturity, i.e., self-appraisal, occupational information, goal selection, goal planning, and problem-solving, respectively and lastly overall career maturity. The difference between self-efficacy of boys and girls at the senior secondary level was also found to be significant. Implications for practitioners, counsellors, educators, parents and interventions for career counselling are also presented.

Sporty Boys and Fashion Girls: Manoeuvring Between Dominant Norms of Gender Identity

The trigger for this article was the “Lévi-Straussian mythical formula” girls : boys = fashion : football, which came to the fore in the conversation with girls and boys aged 13 and 14 years. Amid the cacophony of ambivalent representations and meanings of modern masculinities and femininities which young people are facing, it schematically expresses traditional symbolic relations and gender differences. International studies at the crossroads of cultural, educational and gender studies, including critical studies of men and masculinities (Frosh et al., 2002; Zaslow, 2009; Haywood & Mac an Ghaill, 2007) show that teenagers use clothing practices to assert an imaginary boundary in relational and binary self-construction of masculine and feminine identity. The article analyses how teenagers deploy clothing practices, the strong attention they pay to their outfit and some other techniques of body self-regulation in order to negotiate social control and peer pressure related to the processes of the self-construction of masculine and feminine identity. The analysis looks at the peculiarities of these processes in doing hegemonic or marginalised masculinities and traditional or alternative femininities. Comparison of boys’ and girls’ (in intersections with classed and ethicised social locations) attitudes to clothing and outfit demonstrates that both experience the pressure of performing normative gender identity through their body, however the techniques of body self-regulation are different for boys and girls and for specific social locations. In the conclusion, the author reflects on the implications of teenagers’ doing gender through body and their outfit for the pedagogical situation.

Trends in the Treatment Outcomes and Features of Cryptorchidism in Boys: A Single-Institute Experience.

PurposeCryptorchidism is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in pediatric urology, and orchiopexy is performed for the prevention of testicular damage and malignant transformation. We examined the distribution and outcomes of cryptorchidism under a single investigator at our institute.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective study included 283 boys diagnosed with cryptorchidism at our institute. Cryptorchidism was diagnosed based on the medical history and physical examination findings. Boys without spontaneous resolution after 6 months of age were indicated for orchiopexy. We investigated the 12-year trend in the distribution and outcomes of cryptorchidism at the institute.ResultsThe mean age at diagnosis, gestational age, and birth weight were 2 years, 37 weeks, and 2740 g, respectively. A total of 170 boys underwent orchiopexy under 2 years of age, and 136 boys underwent orchiopexy under the age of 1 year, while 62 boys underwent orchiopexy over the age of 3 years. Abnormalities of the epididymis and disclosure of the processus vaginalis were observed in 44 (25%) and 72 boys (41%), respectively. Comparison of boys with or without hypospadias showed that the age at orchiopexy was higher in boys with hypospadias than in those without hypospadias (P=0.028). In addition, boys without hypospadias had a higher rate of abnormality of the epidermis than those with hypospadias (P=0.024).ConclusionOur findings suggest that most boys with cryptorchidism are treated under the age of 2 years and the incidence of epididymal abnormality is relatively high, especially in boys with hypospadias. An understanding of the natural features of cryptorchidism could lead to better management and outcomes. Further research is warranted to develop an appropriate treatment timeline in boys with cryptorchidism.

The perception of the cyberbullying phenomenon among Estonian students: Comparison of boys and girls on the basis of cyberbullying criteria and types of behaviour

Küberkiusamise sügavama mõistmise, sealhulgas mõõtmise seisukohalt on oluline teada, kuivõrd sarnaselt või erinevalt poisid ja tüdrukud küberkiusamise fenomeni tajuvad. Teema põhjalikuma käsitlemise vajalikkusele viitab ka asjaolu, et varasemad küberkiusamise valdkonnas tehtud soolise võrdluse uuringud on andnud üsna vastuolulisi tulemusi. Uurimistöö eesmärk on võrrelda poiste ja tüdrukute vahelisi erinevusi küberkiusamise fenomeni tajumisel kiusamise kriteeriumite ja liikide alusel. Uuringus osales 336 Eesti õpilast vanuses 11−17 eluaastat: 163 tüdrukut ja 173 poissi. Instrumendina kasutati Euroopa projektis COST Action IS0801 valminud ankeeti. Andmeid analüüsiti võrdlustestide, täpsemalt χ2-testi, mittepaarisvalimi t-testi ja Manni-Whitney U-testiga. Küberkiusamiskäitumist defineerivate kriteeriumite ja liikide puhul ei tuvastatud poiste ja tüdrukute hinnangute vahel ühtegi statistiliselt olulist erinevust. Seevastu küberkiusamise kriteeriumite ja liikide tõsidust tajusid poisid ja tüdrukud erinevalt. Summary

Sociocultural Influences and Muscle Building in Adolescent Boys.

Sociocultural influences on the use of muscle-building techniques, particularly food supplement and steroid use, were examined in a sample of 383 middle-school boys. A modified version of the tripartite influence model was evaluated with muscle-building techniques as the dependent variable. Results indicated that media, peer, and parent influences were independently related to the use of muscle-building techniques. Each was also partially mediated by social comparison tendencies. A comparison of boys who used food supplements to build muscles with those who did not indicated differences in peer, parent, and media influences; social comparison tendencies; body esteem; and depression. A comparison of boys who used steroids to build muscles with those who did not use steroids yielded the same differences. Results indicate the importance of considering sociocultural factors in designing prevention programs for boys.

Gender, social bonds, and delinquency: a comparison of boys' and girls' models

Past research has assessed gender differences in delinquency due to differential social controls, yet important questions remain regarding gender and social bonding. As much of this work was premised on Hirschi's measurement of the social bond, we examine whether gender moderates two parts of the social bond: the measurement of the social bond and structural differences between the social bond and delinquency. Using multiple-group structural equation modeling, we find that neither the measures of the social bond nor their relationships with property crime are gender-specific. The structural relationship between the elements of the social bond and violent delinquency differs slightly for boys and girls. We discuss implications of this research for social control theory, measuring the social bond and for gender-specific theories of social bonding and control.

A comparison of boys and girls with attention problems: kindergarten through second grade.

In a nonclinical sample of boys and girls, gender-based norms were used to identify children at risk for academic and behavior problems and to differentiate those with from those without attention problems. At-risk children with attention problems were rated higher on behavior problems, demonstrating significant increases in such problems from kindergarten to second grade, and scored significantly lower on simultaneous processing tasks. Both at-risk groups performed below a not-at-risk control group on reading achievement.

THE MALE DISADVANTAGE IN VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS: DOES IT REALLY EXIST?

Top of pageAbstract Previous VLBW reports pointed at a higher mortality risk for boys as compared to girls. He investigated this difference between the sexes in a cohort of 1338 infants, liveborn in the Netherlands in 1983, with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks and(or) a btrthweight of less than 1500 g (Project On Preterm and Small for gestational age. POPS). Comparison of boys and girls by gestational age and birthweight showed that, from 27-31 gestational weeks, the mean birthweight for boys Is 50-145 g more than for girls in equal gestational age categories. Because gestational age is a stronger determinant of mortality risk than birthweight, birthweight-defined studies self-evidently must result in an excess mortality risk for boys. In the POPS-cohort, the crude mortality rate in VLBW boys was 29.6% and In girls 25.9%. Multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Including 22 perinatal risk factors as potential confounders among which gestational age and birthweight, showed that the odds for neonatal mortality were similar for boys and girls: adjusted odds ratio 1.05 (95% confidence-interval 0.74-1.50). He conclude that the mortality risk for the sexes is equal.

Effectiveness of Two Methods of Finding the Least Common Denominator of unlike Fractions and Characteristics of Grade 5Ss

The effectiveness of two methods of finding the least common denominator—to be used in addition and subtraction of unlike fractions—was compared after 112 fifth graders were taught for 12 periods. Within each method-group, comparison of boys' and girls' performance on the posttest showed (a) the factoring method was more effective than inspection and (b), within each treatment, no significant difference in mathematic achievement was found for boys and girls.