Comparative Study Of Risk Factors Research Articles

A Comparative Study of Risk Factors and Prognosis in Young and Elderly Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

A Comparative Study of Risk Factors and Prognosis in Young and Elderly Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Comparative Study of Risk Factors Associated with Normal Cognition and Cognitive Impairment in Rural West Elderly Texans.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to one or more chronic illnesses, which may develop cognitive decline and dementia. Cognitive impairment is increasing, and public health officials must address risk factors for AD to improve the health of rural West Texas communities. The purpose of this study was to explore the sociodemographic and chronic disease risk factors related to cognitive impairment among elderly adults living in Cochran, Parmer, and Bailey counties in rural West Texas. Statistical methods such as Pearson's chi-squared, proportion tests, univariate binary logistic regression, and a multivariable logistic regression were utilized to analyze data. SPSS software was used to detect the significant relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors. Summary statistics were obtained for sociodemographic and chronic diseases by using cross-tabulation analysis and comparing the county respondents with proportion tests. A univariate binary logistic regression method was utilized and found that age group 60-69, anxiety, depression, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Using a multivariable logistic regression approach, it was found that Bailey County (age group 60-69) had a higher likelihood (p = 0.002) of cognitive impairment than Parmer (p = 0.067) and Cochran counties (p = 0.064). The risk of females (p = 0.033) in Parmer County was 78.3% lower compared to males in developing AD. Identifying significant risk factors for cognitive impairment are important in addressing issues of geographic variations and integrating such factors may guide relevant policy interventions to reduce cognitive impairment incidence in rural communities within West Texas.

Comparative Study of Risk Factors and Cognitive Profile of Small- and Large-Vessel Vascular Dementia - A Clinic Based Study.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a clinically heterogeneous entity. There is a dearth of studies for comparison of the cognitive profile of cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD) with large-vessel disease. We planned to evaluate and compare the cognitive profile of SVD and large-vessel VaD and evaluate various risk factors associated with them. Patients of VaD were recruited after excluding mixed and ambiguous cases. Patients were classified into SVD and large-vessel VaD and analyzed for their clinic-epidemiological and cognitive profiles. Among 76 patients, 48 (62.5%) have SVD and 28 (37.5%) have large-vessel disease. Hypertension (93.4%) was the commonest risk factor, followed by smoking (34.21%), hyperlipidemia (26.31%), and diabetes mellitus (DM, 22.36%). Hypertension (P < 0.05) and DM were common in SVD, whereas smoking, hyperlipidaemia, and cardiac diseases were common in large-vessel disease. Attention (77.1% vs 25%), executive function (68.8% vs 28.6%), and calculation (58.3% vs 32.1%) were significantly more impaired in SVD compared to large-vessel disease, whereas visuoperceptual (21.4% vs 6.3%), praxis (28.6% vs 4.2%), and gnosis (14.3% vs 2.1%) were significantly more impaired in large-vessel disease than in SVD. Disruption of frontal-subcortical connection was responsible for the cognitive profile in SVD, but in large-vessel disease, it resulted from the cumulative loss of function from different lesions. Despite having common vascular risk factors, few are more common in SVD than in large-vessel disease. The different clinical and cognitive profile is due to the diverse anatomical lesions in these two subclasses of VaD.

A Comparative study of risk factors, imaging and clinicopathological findings of breast cancer among women younger and older40 years

A Comparative study of risk factors, imaging and clinicopathological findings of breast cancer among women younger and older40 years

Comparative study of risk factors in young adults and elderly stroke patients in Sudan

BackgroundStroke in Africa is considered as a leading cause of death and disability especially when it occurs in young adults (15–45 years).This study aims to compare stroke in young Sudanese adults and elderly patients regarding imaging finding, the pattern of presentation, investigations and the associated risk factors. MethodsThis is an observational cross-sectional multicenter hospital-based study. The study was conducted in 6 major hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan. All patients of stroke were seen during the study period that extended to about 6 months. Data was collected from 405 patients using data which was collected either from patients directly, co-patients or from the medical records. P-value of less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. ResultsYoung patients (<45 years) constitute about 30% of all cases of stroke. In the young group, 56.4% were males; in those who are above 45 males were about 59.3%. The number of patients aged above 45 years was more than other age groups. Most of the patients in both age groups presented with motor and other neurological manifestations. Infarction occurred in 72% of young patients and 75% of the elderly. Less than 10% of patients were treated for a specific underline cause. ConclusionInfarction is common in young age group almost approaching the same percentage of elderly patients. The clinical pattern is similar in both age groups with a mild tendency of the young to present without motor symptoms compared to the elderly. Arterial hypertension was the dominant risk factor among both young adults and the elderly population followed by smoking. Most patients were just treated supportively and almost half of them were left with disabling neurological deficit.

Comparative Study of Risk Factors for Opaque Bubble Layer Formation in Femtosecond-Laser Assisted LASIK

Abstract Background: Refractive surgery had undergone a remark-able evolution during the last 25 years. The introduction of excimer laser in practice of refractive surgery was an exciting innovation. Aim of Study: To determine risk factors responsible for opaque bubble layer formation in femtosecond-laser assisted LASIK. Patients and Methods: This retrospective comparative study was conducted on patients who were eligible for FSL-assisted LASIK at El-Watany Eye Hospital in the period from January 2015 to January 2017. Two hundred eyes were included in the study divided into 100 had OBL developed during surgeries and 100 did not develop OBL. Results: The results of the present study revealed a statis-tically significant difference between both groups regarding preoperative central corneal thickness, corneal canal length offset and steep keratometry being higher in OBL formation group. Regarding regression analysis central corneal thickness and corneal astigmatism were statistically significant inde-pendent predictor of OBL formation. Conclusion: OBL is one of FSL complications. Increased corneal thickness, steep keratometry and increased corneal canal length offset and were risk factors of OBL formation during surgeries. Regarding regression analysis; central corneal thickness and corneal astigmatism were statistically significant independent predictor of OBL formation.

Features of diagnosis and treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease at initially normal arterial pressure

Of 875 patients being under the clinical follow-up at one of the polyclinics in Chelyabinsk, 216 (24.7%) had coronary artery disease (CAD) without arterial hypertension (AH) in past medical history. The authors conducted the comparative study of risk factors and clinical and instrumental features of the disease in 50 patients with isolated coronary artery disease and in 50 patients with coronary artery disease against the background of AH. It was found that the disease onset was more often manifested in the form of angina pectoris in patients with stable coronary artery disease without AG , and in the form of myocardial infarction in patients with CAD and AH. Pathological heredity, obesity, diabetes mellitus were more common in patients with the combination of CAD and AH. Stenosis of over 50% of at least one coronary artery is more often identified in patients with CAD and normal arterial pressure (AP). The full range of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to patients with CAD without AH in no more than 20% of cases due to excess drop in AP. The prescription of anti-ischemic drugs trimetazidine OD and ivabradine increased the CAD without AH, where these drugs probably should be referred to the first choice drugs.

Paired comparative study of risk factors related to aneurysm rupture during hospitalization

Objective: Aneurysm rupture during in-hospital period contributes to the exceedingly high morbidity and mortality of inpatients with untreated aneurysm. However, risk factors for aneurysm rupture during hospitalization were scarcely focused in previous reports. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors of aneurysm rupture during hospitalization and to propose clinical strategies improving prognosis. Methods: Patients with intracranial aneurysm (lA) rupture during hospitalization were identified in our prospective cohort of consecutive patients admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital between Jan 2014 to Dec 2017. The ruptured cases were randomly paired with control cases without rupture during hospitalization (controlling age and gender) in a proportion of 1∶2 from the cohort. An observational comparative study was conducted between the two groups. Results: Tevelve cases with IAs rupture during hospitalization were identified among 4 429 cases with IAs. Twenty-four control cases were matched for gender (male∶female=5∶7) and age distribution. A history of pre-hospital aneurysm rupture was indicated as a risk factor for IA rupture during hospitalization (OR=8.333, 95% CI 1.480-46.936, P=0.011). The irregular shape (OR=10.133, 95% CI 1.941-52.902, P=0.005)and an inflow angle<60°(OR=41.800, 95% CI 4.311-405.335, P=0.000)were morphologic factors associated with IA rupture of inpatients. Conclusions: A history of pre-hospital IA rupture, IAs with irregular shape and an inflow angle <60° were risk factors associated with IAs rupture of inpatients. Unfavorable outcomes were observed in cases with IA rupture during hospitalization. A one-stage hybrid surgical strategy combining diagnosis, evaluation and intervention could reduce the length of preoperative stay, as well as the rupture risk of inpatients with IAs.

Comparative Study of Risk Factors for Cancer Cervix among Women of Reproductive Age Women in Rural and Urban Area

Comparative Study of Risk Factors for Cancer Cervix among Women of Reproductive Age Women in Rural and Urban Area

A comparative study of risk factors for corneal infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

To compare the clinical characteristics of infectious keratopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetes mellitus (NDM) and to investigate risk factors for infectious keratopathy in T2DM patients. Totally 230 patients with T2DM and 168 with NDM diagnosed as infectious keratopathy were hospitalized at Qingdao Eye Hospital from 2001 to 2015. Data including sex, age, occupation, season, smoking and alcohol consumption habits, duration between onset and treatments, duration of hospitalization were collected. Initially identified indicators were analyzed with a multivariate logistic regression. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with T2DM was analyzed. The infectious keratopathies in the two groups were categorized and compared. The diabetic group consisted of 146 (63.5%) males and 84 (36.5%) females. The NDM group consisted of 111 (66.1%) males and 57 (33.9%) females. There was no signigicantly difference in sex distribution between the two groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences in age, occupation of patients, season of the onset of diseases, duration between onset and treatment, and durations of hospitalization between the two groups (P<0.05). In most of the patients in the diabetic group, the duration between onset and treatment was ≤3mo, and most was ≥3mo in the NDM group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age and season were related to the development of corneal infection in the T2DM group (OR=1.709, 1.706). In the T2DM group, HbA1c was 9.09%±2.12%. There were statistically significant differences in the incidences of bacterial keratitis and herpes simplex keratitis in the two groups (P<0.05), but no significant statistical difference was found between fungal keratitis and amoebic keratitis (P>0.05). Advanced age and the summer and winter seasons are identified as risk factors for infectious keratopathy in T2DM patients, and T2DM patients are more prone to bacterial keratitis.

Comparative Study of Risk Factors Among the Male and Female Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Admitted in CCU of Sahid Gangalal National Heart Centre

The role of major cardiovascular risk factors in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) is well established and is fairly similar in both sexes. However, CAD is markedly more common in male than in female, and this is due to more risk factors, especially smoking and dyslipidemia, in male. In this study, we aim to investigate the five major risk factors as defined by ACC-AHA namely, advancing age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, in the MI patients admitted in CCU, SGNHC from Jan 1 to June 30th 2008 and to compare whether the association of those risk factors with CAD risk is similar in male and female. There were altogether 283 MI patients, Male 208 (73%) and Female 75 (27%). Advancing age was the most common comprising 85.2% followed by smoking 55.5%, Hypertension 48.1%, Dyslipidemia 47% and Diabetes 24.7%. Smoking, dyslipidemia and advancing age were significantly more common in male. Male patients have significantly more risk factors than female. There was trend towards the greater number of high total cholesterol and low HDL in male patients. Advancing age (Male 45 yrs, Female 55 yrs) is the commonest risk factor of CAD. Smoking and dyslipidemia (especially high total cholesterol and low HDL) are significantly more common in male which might have contributed markedly to the excess CAD risk in males.

Comparative Study of Risk Factors for Sessile Serrated Adenomas and Tubular Adenomas

Comparative Study of Risk Factors for Sessile Serrated Adenomas and Tubular Adenomas

A comparative study of risk factors for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy

BackgroundEvidence associates various biometric and histological variables such as steatosis and absence of fibrosis as risk factors for post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Following distal pancreatectomy (DP), the association between these factors and POPF is less clear. This study of patients, drawn from the same background population, undergoing PD or DP at a single centre is a comparative study of the risk factors for POPF after these two operations. MethodsAssociations between POPF and patient characteristics, pre-operative blood tests, data from pre-operative computed tomography (CT) imaging, assessment of histological steatosis and fibrosis were explored. Results26/107 (24%) and 26/90 (29%) patients developed POPF after PD and DP respectively. Absence of fibrosis was associated with POPF (p < 0.001) after PD and its presence correlated with pancreatic duct width (p < 0.001). Steatosis was not associated with POPF (p = 0.910). Multivariable analysis showed pancreatic duct width (p = 0.016) and fibrosis (p = 0.025) to be independent predictors of POPF after PD. The only variable associated with POPF after DP was underlying pathology (p = 0.005). ConclusionPancreatic duct width is the most important variable related to POPF after PD and is correlated with fibrosis. Steatosis was not related to POPF. In contrast, after DP POPF appears to be related to the underlying disease.

A Comparative Study of Risk Factors for Hypertension between Middle-aged Male and Female: Based on the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

A Comparative Study of Risk Factors for Hypertension between Middle-aged Male and Female: Based on the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

A comparative study of risk factors for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy

A comparative study of risk factors for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy

Comparative study of risk factors and lipid profile pattern in ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke

Received 01 October 2015 Accepted 08 January 2016 Early online 25 January 2016 Print 31 January 2016 Stroke is a devastating and disabling cerebrovascular disease with significant amount of residual deficit leading on economic loss. Creating awareness on common risk factors will reduce the incidence of stroke. The study was conducted to compare the risk factors and lipid profile pattern in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. This was a descriptive retrospective cross sectional study carried on new onset acute stroke patients admitted to Osmania General Hospital, Telangana State. 100 patients (n=50 ischemic stroke (isch), n=50 hemorrhagic stroke (haem) were studied over a period of one year from May 2014 to April 2015. Data such as risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, fasting lipid profile, CT or MRI brain were collected from medical records. A total of 100 patients were studied of whom 68 were males (isch n=32, haem n=36) and 32 were females (isch n=18, haem n=14). Patients with age 60 years n=37. Risk factors included were hypertension n= 62 (isch n=29, haem n=33), diabetes n=22 (isch n=12, haem n=10), both diabetes and hypertension n=15; smoking n=41 (isch n=24, haem n=17) alcoholism n=38 (isch n=22, haem n=16) and >2 risk factors in n=46 (isch n=26, haem n=20). Dyslipidemia (LDL >130, TC>200, HDL<40) as per ATP III guidelines was present in n=69 (43 isch+26 haem) patients. Patients with high LDL were n=15 (9 isch, 6 haem), high total cholesterol was found in n=15 (10 isch, 5 haem), low HDL cholesterol in n=60 (isch n=35, haem n=25) with a p=0.0124. Present study concludes hypertension in 62 %, low HDL (< 40 mg/dl) in 60 %, smoking in 41% are the risk factors for both ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes which are modifiable risk factors. Low HDL cholesterol is more significant with a p=0.0124 which can be improved by exercise. Corresponding author

Сравнительная оценка Сердечно-СоСудиСтого риСка при артериальной гипертензии и коморбидной патологии

Aim. The purpose of our study is a comparative study of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SG). Material and methods. Under our observation were 86 patients in the age from 35 to 50 years. Depending on the functional state of thyroid, patients were divided into 2 groups: the first group — patients with hypertension stage 2, the second group — patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, with previously diagnosed hypertension stage 2. A control group consisted of 25 almost healthy persons All patients underwent a comprehensive survey, identification of risk factors and the definition of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (RF CRP) in the blood serum. Results. We revealed correlation of the levels of thyroid hormones with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We demonstrated data on the prediction of a 10-year risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with arterial hypertension and subclinical hypothyroidism based on Reynolds scale. Conclusion. Subclinical hypothyroidism is accompanied by changes in lipid spectrum, and, as a consequence, predisposes to the earlier development of cardiovascular complications in patients with hypertension.

P510: A comparative study of risk factors of urinary tract infections according to the age

P510: A comparative study of risk factors of urinary tract infections according to the age

Comparative study of risk factors related to cardiovascular disease in children from Bogotá, Colombia and Toluca, Mexico

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, cardiovascular risk factors have not been studied so extensively in young people. Objective: To compare the cardiovascular risk factor between Colombian and Mexican children. Patients and methods: This was a transversal, descriptive, comparative and clinical study. 30 children of primary school aged 6-12 from Bogotá, Colombia were matched by age with a sample of 30 children from Toluca, Mexico. Cardiovascular risk factors measured were Body Mass Index (BMI), serum lipid profile, glucose and homocystein (Hcy). Besides we applied the validated surveys formats for food (dietary history), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), alcohol consumption and smoking. Results: BMI was higher in Mexican children than in Colombian (20.43 ± 3.35 vs 16.92 ± 3.46) (p ? 0.001). Among Mexican children, 20% (6) of them had blood glucose concentration greater than 100 mg/dl, 6.6% (2) had triglycerides greater than 200 mg/dl, 36.6% (11) had cholesterol levels greater than 170 mg/dl, 16% (53.3) had HDL lower than the recommended limits, and 60% (18) had LDL above the normal limit. For the Colombian population these percentages were of 0, 3.3, 46.6, 13.33 and 53.3 respectively. Discussion: Mexican children had a stronger correlation between BMI and atherogenic indices and less physical activity than Colombian. Of the 30 Mexican children enrolled in the study only 13% had none of the cardiovascular risk factors, while in the Colombian this percentage was of 33. Conclusion: Latin American children are not metabolically homogeneous, Mexican children are at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Comparative Study of Risk Factors Between Lacunar and Non-lacunar Ischemic Strokes

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed as well as developing countries The risk factors in lacunar stroke differ in comparison to nonlacunar strokes. In this study risk factors of lacunar stroke in comparison to non-lacunar were evaluated. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the risk factors among lacunar stroke and non-lacunar stroke. Methodology: This comparative study conducted in the department of Medicine and Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from September 2010 to August 2011. MRI of brain was done in 151 patients above 18 years of age with ischemic stroke and Lacunar stroke was found in 31 patients and non-lacunar stroke was detected in 120 patients. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria from them 30 patients with lacunar stroke were selected as Group-A patients and equal number of non-lacunar stroke same ages as group B were compared of. The risk factors of stroke were defined as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, history of transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and carotid artery stenosis. Results: Out of 151 patients with ischemic stroke non-lacunar stroke was predominant, which was 79.47% and lacunar stroke was 20.52%. The mean age was found 60.9±10.2 years in Group A and 56.2±11.8 years in Group B, which was almost similar between two groups (p&gt;0.05). Male were predominant, which was 63.33% and 76.67% in lacunar and non-lacunar stroke respectively. Male and female ratio was 2.3:1. Regarding the risk factors hypertension was observed most common risk factor among the patients having lacunar and non-lacunar strokes. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common in lacunar stroke and myocardial infarction, carotid artery stenosis and hypercholesterolemia were common in non-lacunar stroke which were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) between the both groups. However, the percentage of smoking, previous TIA and atrial fibrillation were not significantly (p&gt;0.05) different between lacunar and non-lacunar stroke. Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common in lacunar stroke, and myocardial infarction, whereas carotid artery stenosis and hypercholesterolemia were common in non-lacunar stroke and the both groups were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) . So modification of risk factors may reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v28i2.17176 Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (2): 88-95