Comparative Analysis Of Routing Protocols Research Articles

Comparative analysis of routing protocols for wireless area networks and evaluation of the effectiveness

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a gathering of mobile nodes that want to communicate without any preplanned infrastructure and fixed organization of available links. Each node in MANET operates as a router, forwarding information packets for other mobile nodes. There are many routing protocols that possess different performance levels in different scenarios. The main task is to evaluate the existing routing protocols and finding by comparing them the best one. In this article been compared AODV, DSR and DSDV routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) to specify the best operational conditions for each MANETs protocol. I study these three MANETs routing protocols by different simulations in NS-2 simulator. We describe that pause time parameter affect their performance. This performance analysis is measured in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End-to-End Delay, Normalized Routing Load and Average Throughput.

Последние тенденции в развитии подводной беспроводной сенсорной сети: систематический обзор литературы

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for the monitoring of aquatic assets and frequently applied in several domains like underwater information gathering, ocean sampling network, anonymous vehicles, disaster prevention and submarine detection. Recently, UWSNs have been getting significant attention of researchers from both academia and industry. As a result, several studies have been carried out to perform certain improvements in UWSNs techniques, tools, protocols and architectures. In this regard, there is a dire need to investigate and summarize the modern UWSNs trends altogether within a single study. To achieve this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is performed in this article to comprehensively analyze the latest developments in UWSNs. Particularly, 34 research studies published during 2012-2020 have been selected and examined in the area of UWSNs. This leads to the identification of 21 modern routing protocols and 11 tools. Furthermore, 5 different architecture types and 3 communication media technologies are presented in the context of UWSNs. Finally, a comparative analysis of routing protocols is done on the basis of important evaluation metrics. It has been concluded that there exist adequate approaches, protocols and tools for the monitoring of UWSNs. However, the design verification capabilities of existing approaches are insufficient to meet the growing demands of UWSNs. The findings of this article provide solid platform to enhance the current UWSNs tools and techniques for large and complex networks.

Recent Trends in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) – A Systematic Literature Review

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for the monitoring of aquatic assets and frequently applied in several domains like underwater information gathering, ocean sampling network, anonymous vehicles, disaster prevention and submarine detection. Recently, UWSNs have been getting significant attention of researchers from both academia and industry. As a result, several studies have been carried out to perform certain improvements in UWSNs techniques, tools, protocols and architectures. In this regard, there is a dire need to investigate and summarize the modern UWSNs trends altogether within a single study. To achieve this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is performed in this article to comprehensively analyze the latest developments in UWSNs. Particularly, 34 research studies published during 2012-2020 have been selected and examined in the area of UWSNs. This leads to the identification of 21 modern routing protocols and 11 tools. Furthermore, 5 different architecture types and 3 communication media technologies are presented in the context of UWSNs. Finally, a comparative analysis of routing protocols is done on the basis of important evaluation metrics. It has been concluded that there exist adequate approaches, protocols and tools for the monitoring of UWSNs. However, the design verification capabilities of existing approaches are insufficient to meet the growing demands of UWSNs. In this context, the findings of this article provide solid platform to enhance the current UWSNs tools and techniques for large and complex networks.

A Preliminary Study of Routing Protocols in a Tactical Data Link Ad Hoc Network in Colombian Maritime Scenario

Tactical Data Link (TDL) systems are a kind of Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork (MANET) used in diverse maritime operational environments such as natural disasters, surveillance, maritime search, and rescue. A TDL network is usually composed of nodes or units representing surface ships, submarines, and aircrafts able to participate in maritime operations. A routing protocol is required to establish communication between nodes, which guarantees the route from the source node to the destination node. A TDL has been developed in the Colombian Caribbean Sea (CTDL). However, no efficient routing protocol has been implemented. This works to perform a preliminary study to implement an appropriate routing protocol for the CTDL.
 Local environment constraints, in addition to the chosen protocols' performance analysis, will provide preliminary alternatives for a routing protocol with acceptable efficiency. This article provides a background of ad-hoc networks routing protocols, a description of the Colombian Caribbean maritime operational environment, a comparative analysis of routing protocols, and a discussion of conclusions and future developments regarding CTDL.

Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols on Lossy Networks with Less Power

The wide range of applications of Wireless Sensor Networks has a great impact in today’s generation. The Wireless Sensor Networks has helped us to actually make an observation and thereby, understand the various environmental factors. The rapid growth of these sensor devices in the form of Wireless Sensor Networks has led to the evolution of an emerging technology called Internet of Things. The sensor and the IoT devices automate the process of monitoring the environment. Hence, proper evaluation of performance factors of these devices and sensors is of utmost importance as it enhances their use in real world applications. We have simulated the motes in different scenarios using Cooja simulator to evaluate the performance.

Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols in Wireless Networks

Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols in Wireless Networks

A survey and comparative analysis of the various routing protocols of Internet of Things

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide insight into various swarm intelligence-based routing protocols for Internet of Things (IoT), which are currently available for the Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are several issues which are limiting the growth of IoT. These include privacy, security, reliability, link failures, routing, heterogeneity, etc. The routing issues of MANETs and WSNs impose almost the same requirements for IoT routing mechanism. The recent work of worldwide researchers is focused on this area.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides the literature review for various standard routing protocols. The different comparative analysis of the routing protocols is done. The paper surveys various routing protocols available for the seamless connectivity of things in IoT. Various features, advantages and challenges of the said protocols are discussed. The protocols are based on the principles of swarm intelligence. Swarm intelligence is applied to achieve optimality and efficiency in solving the complex, multi-hop and dynamic requirements of the wireless networks. The application of the ant colony optimization technique tries to provide answers to many routing issues.FindingsUsing the swarm intelligence and ant colony optimization principles, it has been seen that the protocols’ efficiency definitely increases and also provides more scope for the development of more robust, reliable and efficient routing protocols for the IoT.Research limitations/implicationsThe existing protocols do not solve all reliability issues and efficient routing is still not achieved completely. As of now no techniques or protocols are efficient enough to cover all the issues and provide the solution. There is a need to develop new protocols for the communication which will cater to all these needs. Efficient and scalable routing protocols adaptable to different scenarios and network size variation capable to find optimal routes are required.Practical implicationsThe various routing protocols are discussed and there is also an introduction to new parameters which can strengthen the protocols. This can lead to encouragement of readers, as well as researchers, to analyze and develop new routing algorithms.Social implicationsThe paper provides better understanding of the various routing protocols and provides better comparative analysis for the use of swarm-based research methodology in the development of routing algorithms exclusively for the IoT.Originality/valueThis is a review paper which discusses the various routing protocols available for MANETs and WSNs and provides the groundwork for the development of new intelligent routing protocols for IoT.

English

English

Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor–Actor Networks: A Review

Wireless sensor–actor networks (WSANs) are applicable in versatile domains ranging from very common to those which demand reliable actions in the event area. The unique characteristics of WSANs and the resource-constrained nature of the constituent sensor nodes give rise to design energy and delay efficient routing protocols. Many researchers have made considerable efforts to meet these challenges by designing energy and delay efficient protocols. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is presented on existing routing protocols for WSAN to analyze and list out their merits and demerits. The study broadly segregates the existing routing protocols into two categories i.e., cluster based and non-cluster based protocols. The cluster based protocols structure the physical network into virtual groups, whereas the non-cluster based protocols either use flooding or broadcasting mechanisms for communication. All the routing protocols under consideration have been simulated in a common simulation platform. Their performances are analyzed with respect to average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and average energy dissipation in the network individually. In addition, the best protocols among both the categories are compared to derive an overall conclusion.

Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols in Ad-hoc Networks

An ad hoc wireless network consists of a set of hosts (mobile nodes) which are connected together by wireless links. The nodes can communicate with each other using different routing protocols. The routing protocols perform well when the nodes are stationary but degrade drastically when the nodes are mobile. A variety of routing protocols have been proposed for ad hoc networks in the past. Based on update mechanisms, they are classified into reactive, proactive and hybrid routing protocols. The performance of these protocols varies depending on the simulation environment. Many researchers have been working in this direction to evaluate the performance of these protocols in different simulation environments. The simulations can be done on Qualnet, NS2, and Omnet++ etc. The main aim of this project is to explore this fact and compare the performance of three different protocolsAODV, STAR and ZRP which constitutes a good combination of on-demand (reactive), tabledriven (proactive) and hybrid protocols respectively. It is taken into account that these protocols are the best protocols in their respective domains due to their low overhead. The performance of these protocols will be analyzed by keeping the nodes static, dynamic and then semi dynamic. The pause time of each node is varied so as to depict a real world scenario in case of semi dynamic. The evaluation is done by considering the performance metrics - throughput, jitter, average end to end delay and packet delivery ratio. The simulator used is Qualnet 7.1.

Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs)

ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that is said to be connected through a wireless medium forming rapidly changing topologies. Mantes are infra- structure less in nature and can be set up anytime, anywhere. In this paper, a survey has been conducted of protocol properties of various MANET routing algorithms and analyzed them. The routing algorithms considered in the paper are said to be classified into two categories proactive (table driven) and reactive (on demand). The algorithms considered in this paper are AODV, DSDV and DSR. The comparison among these routing protocols is based on the various protocol property and category parameters.

Comparative analysis of routing protocols for VoIP in a Wireless Mesh Backbone: a user perspective

In this work we select AODV, OLSR and HWMP routing protocols and focus on how they can affect the Quality of user Experience (QoE) with respect to VoIP on a wireless backbone. We calculated QoE by using a reviewed version of the E-model. Since that parameter is strongly correlated with some stochastic network variables it presents stochastic behaviour too. So, we discuss important issues needed to estimate QoE based parameters in a trusty way. Results showed that the average QoE kept acceptable only under AODV routing as the number of VoIP traffic was increased in the network.