Comparative Analysis Of Mechanical Properties Research Articles

A Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) vs. Standard Materials Used in Orthodontic Fixed Appliances: A Systematic Review.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), an organic thermoplastic polymer, has gained interest in dentistry due to its excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the ability to utilize CAD/CAM in the fabrication of PEEK enhances accuracy, reliability, and efficiency while also saving time. Hence, several orthodontic studies have explored the utilization of PEEK in various applications, such as archwires, brackets, fixed lingual retainers, palatal expansion devices, transpalatal arches, Tübingen palatal plates, different types of space maintainers, mini-implant insertion guides, and more. However, a complete systematic review of the available data comparing the performance of PEEK with traditional orthodontic materials has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to assess if PEEK material meets the required mechanical criteria to serve as an alternative to conventional orthodontic appliances. To ensure clarity and precision, this review will specifically concentrate on fixed appliances. This systemic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and utilized databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Springer, Web of Science, and Wiley. Searches were restricted to English language articles from January 2013 to February 2024. Keywords such as "Polyetheretherketone" or "PEEK" and "Orthodontic" or "Orthodontic device" or "Orthodontic materials" were employed across all databases. Nine studies were incorporated, covering orthodontic archwires, brackets, and fixed lingual retainers. Based on the reviewed literature, PEEK demonstrates promising potential in orthodontic fixed appliances, offering advantages in force delivery, friction reduction, and aesthetic appeal. Further research is needed to fully explore its capabilities and optimize its application in clinical practice.

Comparative analysis of mechanical properties in single-phase Ti50-ZrVNbCr medium entropy alloys with different physical parameters

In this study, a series of non-equimolar Ti50-ZrVNbCr medium alloys were designed according to the maximum entropy principle under the valence electron concentration (VEC) constraint. The mechanical properties of the alloys were experimentally investigated and compared, and the effect of the physical parameters on the alloys was extensively discussed. The results showed that in tensile deformation, the multiple slip mechanisms, including {110} 〈111〉, {112}〈111〉 and {123} < 111>, were all activated in the alloys with high VEC. The alloy with the VEC of 4.25 exhibited an optimal combination of strength and elongation. In the strength prediction model, using a weighted-average of the radius differences in the calculation of the atom radius mismatch proved more effective than using a weighted-average of distance differences between the nearest atoms.

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties in Ox and Camel Bones: Insights from Tensile and Compressive Strength Testing

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties in Ox and Camel Bones: Insights from Tensile and Compressive Strength Testing

A Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties Between Granite and Basalt Rock Core Samples

Structural failure occurs when a load-bearing component of a structure fails to support and transfer loads to another element, leading to a breakdown in the performance of the materials in that structural component. The potential for structural failure is influenced by various variables, emphasizing the importance of understanding the behavior and parameters specific to rocks and soils in construction. In order to prevent failures in construction, engineers must possess a fundamental geological knowledge of rocks during the design process, recognizing the limitations of this construction material. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct tests to determine the precise strength of the rock being utilized. This study focused on granite and basalt, employing the Portable Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Digital Indicating (PUNDIT) test, Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) test, and Brazilian test. The selected rock samples adhered to a diameter and thickness ratio of 1:2 or 2:1, depending on the specific test to be conducted. Density, compressive strength, and tensile strength of the rock samples were evaluated following the guidelines provided by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The findings revealed that basalt exhibited higher density, compressive strength, and tensile strength compared to granite, with variations in results ranging from 13% to 40%.

Mechanical properties and compressive constitutive model of steel fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete

Geopolymer concrete is an environmentally friendly material, and the addition of steel fibers can overcome its brittleness and improve its performance, which has broad application prospects. However, there are currently few studies on the comparative analysis of mechanical properties between steel fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (SFGPC) and steel fiber-reinforced ordinary Portland concrete (SFOPC), as well as uniaxial compressive constitutive models for SFGPC. Therefore, 144 cubes and 36 prisms were tested for SFGPC and SFOPC. The main variables were the volume content of steel fibers (0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 %), curing age (7 and 28 days), and water-to-binder ratio (0.45, 0.5, and 0.55). The slump, failure pattern, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, elastic modulus, peak strain, toughness index, and compressive stress−strain curves were obtained. The results indicate that with the increase of steel fiber content, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, peak strain, and toughness index of SFGPC increase, while the elastic modulus remains almost unchanged. Compared with the plain geopolymer concrete, the above corresponding indexes of SFGPC with 1 % steel fiber content can be increased by 9.9 %, 20.5 %, 23.3 %, and 52.2 %, respectively. The 7-day compressive and tensile strengths of SFGPC can reach about 80 % of the 28-day strengths. Under the same conditions, SFGPC exhibits higher strength, peak strain, and lower elastic modulus than SFOPC. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) test results show that the geopolymer matrix has a denser structure and a tighter bond with steel fibers than the cement matrix. Based on the plain geopolymer concrete, formulas for mechanical indexes and a uniaxial compressive stress−strain model of SFGPC were proposed.

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Three Typical Bolts under the Influence of Bed Separation

In order to compare the mechanical characteristics and supporting performance of the lengthened anchored pre-stressed bolt, the full-length anchored bolt and the full-length anchored pre-stressed bolt under the bed separation conditions, theoretical and numerical analysis models of the three typical bolts were established, respectively. The influences of preload, bed separation values, bed separation numbers and bed separation positions on the mechanical properties of the three typical bolts were studied by numerical simulation method, and the mechanical properties of the three typical bolts were compared and analysed, and the sensitivity analysis of the crack opening of the three typical bolts was carried out. Results indicate that the initial preload can exert obvious restraint on the surrounding rock, in which the preload transmission range of the full-length anchored pre-stressed bolt is larger, and the restraint effect on the surrounding rock is better. Under the different bed separation conditions, the stress characteristics of the three typical bolt bodies at the bed separation basically follow the same law except for the free section of the lengthened anchored pre-stressed bolt. Under the action of the bed separation, the initial bonding section of the full-length anchored pre-stressed bolt and the free section of the lengthened anchored bolt have a certain influence on the distribution of the axial force and shear stress at the anchorage interface. The sensitivity of the two kinds of full-length anchored bolts is higher than that of the lengthened anchored pre-stressed bolt under the left bed separation condition. There is little difference in sensitivity between three typical bolts under the middle and right bed separation conditions. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the selection of bolts in roadway support.

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of AL6061/E-Glass Fibre Composites before and After Severe Plastic Deformation (ECAP)

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of AL6061/E-Glass Fibre Composites before and After Severe Plastic Deformation (ECAP)

Comparative analysis of mechanical properties for wood frame and reinforced concrete frame based on deformation energy decomposition method

As a typical orthotropic material, the mechanical properties of wood in the parallel and perpendicular-to-grain directions are very different. Based on mathematical orthogonality, mechanical force balance condition, and energy comparability, the deformation energy decomposition method of planar wood element is proposed, and then the quantitative and visual analysis of the basic deformation performance of wood structure is realized. The basic deformation performance of wood structure and isotropic structure is analyzed using the deformation energy decomposition method, and the seismic performance of wood frame structure and concrete frame structure is compared. The results show that the lateral resistance and beam ductility of wood frame are greater than those of concrete frame under seismic load. However, the reduction of deformation energy proportion of wood frame beam leads to greater deformation energy of the frame column, so it is suggested to take targeted strengthening measures to the bottom of the wood frame column and the joint area.

Production and Carbon Emission Calculation of Bricks Incorporating Construction And Demolition Waste and Pet Pellets

The study aims to incorporate solid wastes in the brick where cement is the binding agent and perform the comparative analysis of mechanical properties (compressive strength, density, and water absorption). Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and Construction and Demolition waste are the wastes that partially replace sand in the mixture of cement and sand. The compressive strength, water absorption, and dry density of the waste-incorporated bricks are determined which are compared with all parameters of the traditional bricks. The brick with 2% PET showed the best compressive strength of 13.515 MPa. While determining the carbon emissions of composite bricks it showed 0.6 to 0.9 kg CO2 had been generated from the raw material extraction and processing phase, however, the production phase involved no carbon emission because the process was manual and involved no heating or firing. The composite bricks have the potential to be used as structural elements, however, the composite bricks require further study for the optimization of binder content with respect to cost, compressive strength, and carbon emission.

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and the structure of the tin-free aluminum bronze

Nowadays bronze products have quite high demand, for example, bronze liners, bushings, flanges, etc. Bronze is a rather malleable antifriction material with good corrosion resistance. Depending on the different methods of melting and processing bronze, it is possible to increase strength properties and reduce cost of production of bronze products. There are various types of tin-free bronze, such as aluminum, lead, beryllium, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zirconium, cadmium, silicon, bronze. In this article, cast tin-free bronzes produced by two casting methods, such as casting in a casting mold and casting on gasifiable models (CGM), are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. Experimental regimes of heat treatment during CGM were developed and tested. The tests of mechanical characteristics are carried out on prototypes and a full-fledged liner that is used in the nodes of a spindle device. The microstructure of samples during CGM before and after heat treatment is studied. Dependence of time resistance, relative, elongation, hardness and impact toughness on various heat treatment modes was studied. A general comparative analysis of mechanical properties depending on the method of melting and processing of bronze samples was also carried out. The economic calculation was carried out, which revealed the economic effect of CGM with further heat treatment. The heat treatment regimes have been developed, which make it possible to use the CGM casting method for inserts with obtaining mechanical properties at the level of casting into the mold according to GOST 493‒79.

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and the structure of the tin-free aluminum bronze

Nowadays bronze products have quite high demand, for example, bronze liners, bushings, flanges, etc. Bronze is a rather malleable antifriction material with good corrosion resistance. Depending on the different methods of melting and processing bronze, it is possible to increase strength properties and reduce cost of production of bronze products. There are various types of tin-free bronze, such as aluminum, lead, beryllium, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zirconium, cadmium, silicon, bronze. In this article, cast tin-free bronzes produced by two casting methods, such as casting in a casting mold and casting on gasifiable models (CGM), are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. Experimental regimes of heat treatment during CGM were developed and tested. The tests of mechanical characteristics are carried out on prototypes and a full-fledged liner that is used in the nodes of a spindle device. The microstructure of samples during CGM before and after heat treatment is studied. Dependence of time resistance, relative, elongation, hardness and impact toughness on various heat treatment modes was studied. A general comparative analysis of mechanical properties depending on the method of melting and processing of bronze samples was also carried out. The economic calculation was carried out, which revealed the economic effect of CGM with further heat treatment. The heat treatment regimes have been developed, which make it possible to use the CGM casting method for inserts with obtaining mechanical properties at the level of casting into the mold according to GOST 493‒79

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Microbiological Resistance of Polyfilament and Monofilament Suture Materials Used in the Operation "Tooth Extraction".

In surgical dentistry, suture material is the only foreign body that remains in the tissues after surgery, and it can lead to several negative reactions, for example, infection of the wound. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties and microbiological resistance of mono- and polyfilament suture materials used in tooth extraction operations. The study of elongation and knot force was carried out on an Instron 5969 Dual Column Testing System device. The capillarity of the materials was studied on a setup assembled by the authors manually by immersing the ends of the filaments in a colored manganese solution. A microbiological study was carried out on the threads taken for the experiment immediately after wound suturing, and on day 7, at which time they were removed. The comparison was made according to Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results: monofilament suture materials (Prolene and Glycolon), after calculating the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney indices, showed better performance in all experiments compared to polyfilament sutures (Vicryl and PGA). In capillarity comparison, there was a significant difference between groups (p = 0.00018). According to the sum of the results of three microbiological studies on day 7, monofilament suture materials absorbed less of the studied bacteria on their surface compared to the polyfilament ones (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Of the studied suture materials, Prolene had the best microbiological resistance and good mechanical properties.

A comparative analysis of mechanical properties of different reciprocating Niti endodontic instruments

A comparative analysis of mechanical properties of different reciprocating Niti endodontic instruments

Control of mechanical properties of a high-entropy alloy Cantor CoCrFeMnNi

A brief analysis of the work on changing the mechanical properties of the high-energy alloy (HEA) Cantor CoCrFeMnNi in various ways has been performed. The article describes the influence of alloying with aluminum, vanadium, manganese, titanium, silicon, carbon, copper on the hardening of wind turbines obtained by vacuum arc melting, laser melting, arc melting and drip casting, mechanical alloying with subsequent plasma sintering, gas sputtering followed by shock wave and static compaction. It is shown that additives of 2.5 % TiC and 5 % WC significantly improve the tensile strength, but reduce the elongation to failure. The effect of grain size in the range of 4.4 – 155 µm is to increase the tensile strength with a decrease in grain size. Lowering the temperature increases the strength and yield limits for grains of all sizes. Intensive plastic deformation forming nanoscale (~50 nm) grains significantly increases the tensile strength up to 1950 MPa and hardness up to 520 HV. Subsequent isochronous and isothermal annealing allows varying the strength and ductility of wind turbines. The formation of nanostructured-phase states during shock compounding, mechanical alloying and subsequent spark plasma formation significantly increase the tensile strength at room temperature, maintaining excellent plasticity (elongation of approximately 28 %). As one of the methods of modifying the mechanical properties of wind turbines, the authors propose electron-beam processing (EPO). The analysis of the deformation curves of the wind turbine, obtained by the technology of wire-arc additive production, after EPO with an electron beam energy density of 10 – 30 J/cm2, has been carried out; assumptions about the reasons for the decrease in strength and ductility characteristics have been found and substantiated. A comparative analysis of mechanical properties of the Cantor wind turbine obtained by various methods was carried out, and the reasons for discrepancy in the values of strength and plastic parameters were noted.

Performance and Characteristics of Stationary Arc and Rotating Arc-Gas Metal Arc Welded DMR 249 Naval Grade Steel Joints

Abstract In this investigation, 12-mm thickness naval grade high-strength low-alloy steel plates were welded by rotating arc-gas metal arc welding (RA-GMAW) and stationary arc-gas metal arc welding (SA-GMAW) processes. The main objective of this work was to carry out the comparative analysis of mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the joints fabricated by the outlined welding processes. From this experimental work, it is found that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and impact toughness of the RA-GMAW joint are 15 % higher than those of the SA-GMAW joint. This is because of the formation of a higher volume percentage of acicular ferrite microstructure and island martensite/austenite constituent in the weld metal region of the RA-GMAW joint. Moreover, from the productivity point of view, the number of passes in the RA-GMAW process was minimized to three (from six passes), and the width of the heat-affected zone was also reduced by 45 % to SA-GMAW processes. Overall, the RA-GMAW joints are found to have superior mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics compared to SA-GMAW joints.

Comparative analysis of mechanical properties for mono and poly-crystalline copper under nanoindentation – Insights from molecular dynamics simulations

Crystallographic orientation and grain size for monocrystalline and polycrystalline materials respectively play a critical role in defining their mechanical behaviour under nanoindentation. To understand their effects on mechanical properties, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations help in revealing the underlying physical phenomena governing the nanoindentation behaviour. This paper attempts to comparatively analyse and study the effects of crystallographic orientations of monocrystalline copper {(100), (110) and (111)} and critical grain size of polycrystalline copper on the nanoindentation response using MD simulations. The results obtained for indentation load vs. depth curve, hardness, dislocations, and elastic recovery were analysed for comparison. Cu(111) exhibited an average hardness of 12.62 GPa, which is 18.27% more than that of Cupoly. The pile-ups of 8 Å size were observed in Cupoly; and this was higher than any of copper system studied here. The dislocation extraction algorithm (DXA) analysis revealed that the total dislocations in Cu(111) was 34.23% and 153.8% lower than that of Cu(110) and Cupoly, respectively. Cu(111) comprised of highest Stair-rod dislocation along with LC and Hirth locks. Furthermore, a prismatic loop comprised of sessile dislocations also appeared in Cu(111). The elastic depth recovery rate for Cu(100) was 52.75%, 41.60% and 40.66% higher than that of Cu(110), Cu(111) and Cupoly, respectively. This study revealed that the nanoindentation based mechanical performances of monocrystalline copper systems, specifically Cu(111) were superior to any other copper systems.

Comparative analysis of mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners produced by different contemporary 3D printers.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners among different commercially available 3D printing devices.Materials and MethodsFive 3D printers (Ka:rv LP 550, Swinwon; “KAR”), (L120, Dazz 3D; “L12”), (MiiCraft 125, Miicraft Jena; “MIC”), (Slash 2, Uniz; “SLS”) and (Pro 95, SprintRay; “PRO”) were used to prepare orthodontic aligners with dental resin (Tera Harz TC‐85DAW, Graphy). The central incisors of each aligner were cut, prepared and evaluated in terms of Martens‐Hardness (HM), indentation‐modulus (EIT) and elastic‐index (ηIT) as per ISO14577‐1:2002. Force‐indentation curves were recorded and differences among printers were checked with generalized linear regressions (alpha=5%).ResultsStatistically significant differences were seen for all mechanical properties (P < .05), which were in descending order: HM (N/mm2) as median (Interquartile Range [IQR]): SLS 108.5 (106.0‐112.0), L12 103.0 (102.0‐107.0), KAR 101.5 (97.5‐103.0), MIC 100.0 (97.5‐101.5) and PRO 94.0 (93.0‐96.0); EIT (MPa) as mean (Standard Deviation [SD]): SLS 2696.3 (124.7), L12 2627.8 (73.5), MIC 2566.2 (125.1), KAR 2565.0 (130.2) and PRO 2491.2 (53.3); and ηIT (%) as median (IQR): SLS 32.8 (32.3‐33.1), L12 31.6 (30.8‐32.3), KAR 31.3 (30.9‐31.9), MIC 30.5 (29.9‐31.2) and PRO 29.5 (29.1‐30.0). Additionally, significant differences existed between liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP) printers for HM (P < .001), EIT (P = .002) and ηIT (P < .001), with aligners from the former having higher values than aligners from the latter printer.ConclusionUnder the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that the mechanical properties of 3D‐printed orthodontic aligners are dependent on the 3D printer used, and thus, differences in their clinical efficacy are anticipated.

Comparative analysis of mechanical properties and energy absorption capabilities of functionally graded and non-graded thermoplastic sheet gyroid structures

Additive manufacturing allows the tailoring of the structure of energy-absorbing materials. It is thus feasible now to use light, printed structures instead of other materials such as foams and honeycombs, signifying greater possibilities for customization. Some of these structures are triply periodic minimal-surface structures that is a family of different structures like the gyroid one. Another benefit of additively manufactured graded structures, which foams or honeycombs lack, is the flexibility to vary the internal parameters along one or more directions. This study focuses on the comparative analysis of graded and non-graded gyroid structures for four common thermoplastic materials used in additive manufacturing. These structures are compared with each other under quasi-static compression testing, as well as with expanded polystyrene foam and solid samples of the thermoplastic materials. The analysis includes investigation of the stress–strain and specific stress–strain curves, capability of absorbing energy per unit weight and per unit volume, ideality, total efficiency, and normalized energy vs. normalized stress characteristics. We also analyze the internal fracture mechanism of the structures. The objective is to obtain more extensive knowledge of the behavior of non-graded structures.

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of WC-based Cermet Coatings Sprayed by HVOF onto AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Substrates

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of WC-based Cermet Coatings Sprayed by HVOF onto AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Substrates

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Structural Adhesive

Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Structural Adhesive