Company Producing Research Articles

Penggunaan Corporate Social Responsibility Sebagai Intervening: Antara Komisaris Independen, Dewan Direksi, Komite Audit dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Tax Avoidance

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of corporate governance (independent commissioners, board of directors, audit committee and audit quality) on tax avoidance with mediating role of corporate social responsibility. The type of research used in this study is quantitative method. The population in this study are all manufacturer companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019 as many as 182 companies with annual reports for 4 years, namely from 2016-2019. Sample selection with purposive sampling method and counted by slovin formula. The analytical method used to test hypotheses is the multiple regression test. The results show that independent commissioners have no effect on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2019, the board of directors has no effect on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2019, audit committees have no effect on tax avoidance in companies manufacturers listed on the IDX in 2016-2019, audit quality has an effect on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2019, CSR affects tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX in 2016-2019 and CSR can mediate the influence of corporate Governance on Tax Avoidance.

126 Animal Supplements: Market Trends, Benefits and Limitations of Academic Research, and Regulatory Considerations in Product Development

Abstract Market research shows that U.S. consumers spend approximately $2.5 billion annually purchasing products that are similar to human dietary supplements, but intended for use in dogs, cats, and horses. Demand for these types of products is projected to grow 3% - 5% per year for the next several years. This presentation will examine the animal supplement market and provide insight into the trends that are driving its growth, many of which closely follow trends in human dietary supplements. In addition, this presentation will look at the benefits and limitations of industry sponsored research to verify the safety and efficacy of currently available animal health and nutritional supplements. Three main considerations must be weighed against the exorbitant expense of conducting clinical studies that satisfy the rigors of the scientific community: limitations on claims; lack of intellectual property protection; and the potential influences of similar products that may be available on the human side. Finally, the presentation will delve into the one area that cannot be overlooked when developing new animal health and nutritional supplements—the regulatory requirements that must be satisfied to take a product successfully to market. Any company producing animal health and nutritional supplements should be following current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs), however, since the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) does not apply to animals, it is important to understand the standards that should be considered when marketing these types of products.

The Influence of the Geographical Location on the Preventive Replacement of Renewable Energy Devices

In this article- we study devices that derive energy from natural process (sun, wind, winter, soil, etc.) and that are replenished constantly such as fans generating electric power and solar energy devices. However, all devices are exposed to damage over time resulting in the accumulation of the damage caused by climatic fluctuations (Every geographical area is characterized by bad weather characteristics that leave damage to the device; like wind, rain and humidity) that lead to the failure of the device. These devices receive energy directly from nature in order to supply it to other systems (mechanical, electrical, etc.). A failure of the device reduces electrical-mechanical production. The companies manufacture renewable energy devices and export them to other countries in various geographical locations. The devices are used to provide electrical current in these countries. These companies seek to develop long-term protection plans against the device failure. A failed device becomes ineligible even for recycling in these companies. Therefore, the cost of the device failure and forced replacement becomes too expensive for these companies. Because of this, companies tend to find the optimal time to replace the device shortly before failure to reduce the cost of failure. In this experiment we study a device that is subject to shocks and calculate the optimal time for preventive replacement of a said device. As an example a solar energy device exposed to shocks resulting from climate fluctuations. We place this device in three different geographical locations (desert, tropical, and temperate), and calculate the optimal time for preventive replacement of the device. Finally, the results from these three locations are compared.

Оценка влияния детерминант на стоимость компаний добывающей и обрабатывающей промышленности

The article is devoted to studying the evaluation of the determinant factors of the value of state-owned companies, which present the competitive and investment-attractive segment of the economy with high export potential. There are considered the applied aspects of the problem and the influence of financial and non-financial factors on the value of companies, such as: return on assets, return on equity, return on invested capital, leverage, earnings per share, dividends per share, company size, company age, share of fixed assets. The research hypothesis that the selected determinants are significant and affect the value of companies with state participation are examined. The analysis is based on data from public reports of Russian producing and processing companies. The sample includes the data for 2010-2019. Companies with state participation and industry affiliation were selected; a database of indicators of financial statements of selected companies was formed; the financial indicators-factors have been calculated; the relationship of factors with the resulting indicator is determined. It has been inferred that the determinants “earnings per share” and “net working capital” are statistically significant and have an impact on the enterprise value in the industry under study

ENERGY SAVING MANAGEMENT IN GAS PRODUCTION COMPANIES

This article outlines the problems of energy conservation at industrial enterprises, proposes a systematic approach to energy conservation management in gas producing companies and highlights its main subsystems, recommends the use of a comprehensive assessment of the enterprise’s activities in the field of energy conservation.

“Islands of excellence”: On the emergence of corporate socials in India

In 2014, the government of India mandated that India's largest companies devote 2% of their net profits to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing on fieldwork on the CSR activities of Bangalore‐based Titan, a Tata Group company and India's largest watch producer, and Wipro, one of India's largest IT companies, this article contends that government‐mandated biopolitical engagements by Indian corporations forge new iterations of “the social” and are generative of spatially delimited and heterogeneous “corporate socials.” Corporate socials can be situated within broader global shifts away from universal forms of social welfare. While these developments may represent the “death of the social,” I contend that they are an emergent modality of government‐mandated service provision by private actors in India, one that is giving rise to a patchwork of plural socials, which proponents argue can also serve as engines of corporate‐led resource redistribution.

The Analysis of Cognitive Moral in Bridging the Gap Between Internal Marketing and B2B Salespeople Performance

This study seeks to confirm and analyse the effect of cross-level cognitive morals on internal marketing and business sales force performance (i.e. behavioural performance and outcome performance). The concepts of relationship marketing and marketing theory of ethics underpin the relationship among variables. This study adopted a quantitative approach through a survey of 460 respondents from 13 company services and manufacturers. Internal marketing variables were measured at the unit level and tested using interrater agreement and the intraclass correlation. In contrast, the cognitive moral variables, behavioural performance, and sales force performance results were measured individually. Hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) was used to test the effect of the cross-level research variables. The results showed that internal marketing empirically supports cognitive morals. However, the effect of internal marketing does not support the two-dimensional performances of the sales force. Theoretically, the contributions, internal marketing and cognitive morals have shown the relationship between marketing and marketing theory of ethics. Received: 28 April 2021 / Accepted: 15 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY IN ALLERGIC ASTHMA AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS INTERVENTIONAL STUDY

Background: bronchial asthma is a chronic inflam­matory disorder with bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Environmental exposure in sensitized individuals is a major inducer of Allergy-associated asthma in children and adults, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) leads to improvement in their pulmonary functions and asthma control. Objectives: To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sublingual Immunotherapy in Allergic Asthma among Children and Adolescents. Methods: A 12 months prospective, open, low Interventional, Randomized, Controlled, single-site Study (Egyptian company for production of vaccines, sera and drugs VACSERA, allergy, and immunology clinic) was conducted between March 29, 2016, and December 27, 2018. Four groups including 62 allergic asthmatics patients both children (n = 30), and adults (n = 32), evaluating SLIT for a single-allergen (i.e. house dust mite) for 12 months, Adults received either SLIT with the pharmacotherapy (n = 17), or pharmacotherapy alone (n = 15).Children received either SLIT with the pharmacotherapy (n = 14), or pharmacotherapy alone (n = 16). Physiological parameters (Spirometry), Asthma control Questionnaires, A complete blood picture including peripheral blood Eosinophilic count, and the environmental preventive therapy were done to all patients. Results: After 1-year treatment of patients treated with SLIT and pharmacotherapy, were compared with those who received pharmacotherapy alone. There was a significant improvement in asthma control score, a significant increase in actual FEV1, FVC in SLIT with the pharmacotherapy groups in adults and children when compared with pharmacotherapy alone. There was a significant decrease in the eosinophilic count when compared with patients treated with the pharmacotherapy alone. There is a significant difference between children and adults regarding the occurrence of adverse effects in the form of Local reaction not requiring treatment (mouth, throat, and skin; irritation/swelling/pain) reported in SLIT with the pharmacotherapy groups. Conclusion: patients treated with SLIT demonstrated clinical improvement compared with those who received pharmacotherapy in adult asthmatics and children sensitized to HDM.

Channel-level resource allocation decision in multichannel retailing: A U.S. multichannel company application

The purpose of this paper is to explore the managerial implications of a customer-driven resource allocation methodology in multichannel retailing. A new resource allocation metric is proposed to measure the value of each channel structure in a company with multiple channels. In addition, we have validated the model by implementing it in a multichannel company. The prescriptive model proposed in this research, therefore, contributes to filling the literature gap in four main areas: (1) It incorporates market segment, customer wants, channel operating costs, and interrelationships among channels for effective resource allocation decisions. (2) The model is flexible to include omnichannel options as an alternative (e.g., buy-online-pickup-in-store). (3) It includes operating costs and customer perspectives together to evaluate the channel structures. (4) This study uses a real-world case study approach to implement the proposed model in a U.S. multichannel company producing scientific, biotechnology cameras. The feedback from the managers who participated in the budget allocation process confirmed the utility of this approach.

Analysis of Work Posture Using the Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA) and Novel Ergonomic Postural Assessment (NERPA)

A company needs to know each employee's ability to reduce accidents that happen to workers due to a lack of study on ergonomic principles. The research was conducted at a construction company producing paving blocks in Kediri. The paving production capacity at the company is 1000 paving/day. In 2017, three work accidents were caused by the fast pace of workers reaching the tired phase while working. Pulling, lifting, and putting down in carrying weighty loads and the repetition frequency of intense activities trigger stress on body parts that affect the worker's performance. The purpose of this study is to assess and provide recommendations for improvements in work activities that have a hazardous risk value based on the MFA and NERPA assessment methods. The research on the MFA method shows that activities with dangerous risk (high/very high) were in transportation activities. For the NERPA method, activities with dangerous risks were in 3 activities at the finishing work station with a final score of 7. Recommendations for improvement are work posture improvement, physical environment improvement, and work facilities.

Unit Commitment with Ancillary Services in a Day-Ahead Power Market

This paper integrates Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to propose a DPSO-SQP method for solving unit commitment problems for ancillary services. Through analysis of ancillary services, including Automatic Generation Control (AGC), Real Spinning Reserve (RSR), and Supplemental Reserve (SR), the cost model of unit commitment was developed. With the requirements of energy balance, ancillary services, and operating constraints considered, DPSO-PSO was used to calculate the energy supply of each source, including the associated AGC, RSR, and SR, and the operating cost of a day-ahead power market was calculated. A study case using the real data from thermal units of Taipower Company (TPC) and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) demonstrated effective results for the “summer” and “non-summer” seasons, as classified by TPC for the two charging rates. According to the test cases in this research, costs without ancillary services in non-summer and summer seasons are higher than those with ancillary services. The simulation results are also compared with the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Evolutionary Programming (EP), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing (SA). DPSO-PSO shows effectiveness in solving unit commitment problems with enhanced sorting efficiency, and a higher probability of reaching the global optimum.

Is It Possible to Make Money on Investing in Companies Manufacturing Solar Components? A Panel Data Approach

In the interests of the environment, many countries set limits on the use of non-renewable energy sources and promote renewable energy sources through policy and legislation. Consequently, the demand for components for renewable energy systems exhibits an upward trend. For this reason, managers, investors, and banks are interested in knowing whether investing in a business associated with the semiconductor and related device manufacturing sector, especially the photovoltaic (PV) systems manufacturers, is worthy of a penny. Using a sample for the period of 2015–2018, we apply a new approach to panel data, extending existing research using Classification Trees with the k-Nearest Neighbor and Altman model. Our aim is to analyze the financial conditions of enterprises to identify key indicators that distinguish companies producing PV system components (labeled “green, G”) from companies that do not manufacture PV components (“red, R”). Our results show that green companies can be distinguished from red companies at classification accuracies of 86% and 90% for CRT and CHAID algorithms in Classification Trees method and 93% for k-Nearest Neighbor method, respectively. Based on the Altman model and the analysis of crucial ratios, we also find that green businesses are characterized by lower financial performance although future ratio values may equal or exceed the values for the red companies if current upward trends are sustained. Therefore, investing in green companies presents a viable alternative.

Sequence Dependent Scheduling Optimization on Plastic Injection Line with Tabu Search Method

In today's production conditions, it is very important for companies to produce products that meet the determined quality standards. In addition to the production of semi-finished products produced in plastic injection lines with high quality and efficiency, it is aimed to reduce the lost time and waste materials in production. Since automobile headlights can be in many different colors, it is necessary to keep the product quality at a high level in the transition between colors in the production made by plastic injection and to reduce the number of defective products caused by color errors. In this study, the problem of a single row-dependent machine to reduce the amount of waste that occurs between color transitions in the plastic injection line of an automotive side-industry company producing headlights is discussed. Tabu Search method, which is one of the heuristic optimization algorithms was used to solve the problem. In the solution, production sequences that will reduce the amount of waste of the products in the production program were created by using the annual data kept by the production department of the factory. The algorithm was run using data from two machines out of 18, saving 134 kg of waste materials. It has been clarified that if the developed algorithm is applied to all machines in the department, productivity and product quality will be increased by saving waste materials.

A high rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a large-scale survey on Arabs.

Vaccine hesitancy can limit the benefits of available vaccines in halting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Previously published studies paid little attention to Arab countries, which has a population of over 440 million. In this study, we present the results of the first large-scale multinational study that measures vaccine hesitancy among Arab-speaking subjects. An online survey in Arabic was conducted from 14 January 2021 to 29 January 2021. It consisted of 17 questions capturing demographic data, acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine, attitudes toward the need for COVID-19 vaccination and associated health policies, and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. R software v.4.0.2 was used for data analysis and visualization. The survey recruited 36,220 eligible participants (61.1% males, 38.9% females, mean age 32.6 ± 10.8 years) from all the 23 Arab countries and territories (83.4%) and 122 other countries (16.6%). Our analysis shows a significant rate of vaccine hesitancy among Arabs in and outside the Arab region (83% and 81%, respectively). The most cited reasons for hesitancy are concerns about side effects and distrust in health care policies, vaccine expedited production, published studies and vaccine producing companies. We also found that female participants, those who are 30-59 years old, those with no chronic diseases, those with lower level of academic education, and those who do not know the type of vaccine authorized in their countries are more hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccination. On the other hand, participants who regularly receive the influenza vaccine, health care workers, and those from countries with higher rates of COVID-19 infections showed more vaccination willingness. Interactive representation of our results is posted on our project website at https://mainapp.shinyapps.io/CVHAA. Our results show higher vaccine hesitancy and refusal among Arab subjects, related mainly to distrust and concerns about side effects. Health authorities and Arab scientific community have to transparently address these concerns to improve vaccine acceptance. This study received no funding.

APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR OF RUSSIA: STRUCTURE OF PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS

The oil and gas sector plays a key role in the Russian economy. In the context of the growing complexity of the resource base, the emergence of the knowledge economy, its stability and competitiveness largely depend on innovative, technological development. Based on the analysis of data on patent activity in relation to inventions for oil and gas companies, the key actors in this segment of innovation were identified. These include Russian oil and gas producing companies (first of all, PJSC Tatneft and PJSC Gazprom), as well as foreign companies present on the Russian market, primarily large oil and gas field service companies.The existing structure of patenting activity for oil and gas companies of Russia determines significant risks in the face of sanctions pressure and the existing need for new technologies.

Valuation of a Company Producing and Trading Seaweed for Human Consumption: Classical Methods vs. Real Options.

Aquaculture is an increasingly relevant sector in the exploitation of natural resources; therefore, it is appropriate to propose various models that include the fundamental variables for its economic-financial valuation from a business point of view. The objective of this paper is to analyze different models for the valuation of investment projects in a company in the aquaculture sector in order to conclude whether there is a model that represents a better valuation. Therefore, in this study, four valuation models have been applied, three classical models (net present value, internal rate of return, and payback) and a more recent model, real options (RO) for a company producing and marketing seaweed in Galicia (region located in the northwest of Spain). The results obtained, RO (€5,527,144.04) and net present value (€5,479,659.19), conclude that the RO model estimates a higher added value by taking into account in its calculations the flexibility given by the expansion option. Future lines of research include the application of valuation models that have been applied to companies belonging to the same sector in order to compare whether the results found are similar.

Preface

ICAM 2020 Organizing Committee1,2,* 1Central Institute Aviation Motors, Russia, 111116 Moscow, Aviamotornaya, 2 2United Engine Corporation, Russia, 105118 Moscow, Budenny prospect, 16 *icam@ciam.ruThe International Conference on Aviation Motors will be held on May 18-21, 2021 in Moscow, Russia. It was originally planned to hold the conference in 2020, but it was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.ICAM is targeted on the discussion of a wide range of topical issues on the aerospace industry. About 700 participants have registered, including 320 speakers with oral presentations. There are also a significant number of research students presenting their work.The conference is traditionally organized by the Central Institute of Aviation Motors (CIAM) every five years. 2020 year also marks the 90th Anniversary of the CIAM (Moscow, Russia), that is the only scientific organization in Russia that carries out the full cycle of research activities necessary to create aircraft engines and gas turbine units based on them, as well as scientific and technical support of products in operation. Several world-class scientific schools have been created in CIAM, the works of which have determined the development of aviation industry for many decades. Among the outstanding scientists and designers who made up the pride of the Institute and the entire domestic aircraft engine development field: M.V. Keldysh, V.Ya. Klimov, A.M. Lyulka, A.A. Mikulin, B.S. Stechkin, V.N. Chelomey, G.G. Chernui, O.N. Favorsky and others.ICAM 2020 is organized with the active cooperation of the United Engine Corporation (Moscow, Russia). UEC is a vertically-integrated company producing engines for military and civil aviation, commercial programs, equipment of various strengths for generating electric and heat energy, gas pumping systems and marine gas-turbine units.There are several main research topics of the conference: Aircraft propulsion and power plants; Turbomachinery; Gas dynamics and combustion; Strength, reliability, new construction materials and technologies; Tests. Measurement systems and techniques; Automatic control and health monitoring systems; Aviation chemmotology and Compressor-free engines.We are sure that the proceedings of ICAM 2020 will serve as an important research source of the knowledge that will lead to not only scientific and engineering progress but also other new products and processes.

An efficient method for the three-dimensional container loading problem by forming box sizes

This study focuses on a real-world case that is defined as an extension of the container loading problem (CLP) with weakly heterogeneous types of boxes. A company producing plastic cups wants to increase its efficiency in container loading operations. To solve the problem, a hybrid approach including a static rule to rank orders and integer nonlinear programming (INLP) models is developed. INLP models form box sizes according to the properties of the cups, and determine the position of the boxes in layers while simultaneously minimizing the layer-depth. The presented approach is tested on real-world cases and benchmark data sets. The results show that simultaneously forming boxes and solving the CLP increases the effectiveness of container loading operations.

Developing a Multi-Stage Production Planning and Scheduling Model for a Small-Size Food and Beverage Company

A great deal of research has been undertaken in recent years related to facility capacity expansion and production planning problems under deterministic and stochastic constraints in the literature. However, only a small portion of this work directly addresses the issues faced by the food and beverage industry, especially in small-sized enterprises. In this study, a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model (MILP) is developed for production planning and scheduling decisions for a small-size company producing syrup and jam products. The main constraint is that the multiple syrup and jam production lines in the model share the same limited-capacity module designed for inventory planning. To this end, the present model offers an efficient solution for executing a multi-product, multi-period production line by finding the most satisfactory strategy to match the right product with the useable capacity leading to profit maximization. The present approach is capable of coping with varying demands by offering a detailed costing procedure and implementing an effective inventory model.

RESEARCH OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS OF PRODUCERS OF YEAST PRODUCTS

The article studies the activities of yeast industry enterprises in the world markets. The given characteristics of yeast production and its systematization. Highlighting the world producers of yeast products, as well as the largest enterprises producing various types of yeast in Ukraine. Using the method of collecting and processing data, an analysis of the activities of yeast producers in international markets was carried out. The Ukrainian yeast companies and their presence in the world markets are considered in more detail. The leaders of the international yeast industry market are characterized. The volumes of yeast production in Ukraine are analyzed. Focused on the research of the company "Company BALEX". Discovered to which countries the company is exporting, as well as the main trading countries the partners of this company. The strengths and weaknesses of the company, as well as the opportunities and threats for the international business of the company producing and selling yeast products, have been identified. Forecasts made for the development of export activities of yeast industry enterprises. The growth of this market is mainly due to an increase in demand for food products such as baked goods (bread, rolls, donuts, pizza, etc.) and beverages (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) that contain special yeast as a main ingredient. Conclusions are made about the feasibility of increasing production volumes and increasing competitiveness in order to expand the export activities of enterprises that produce and sell yeast products.