Companies In Different Industries Research Articles

HUMAN RESOURCES STRATEGY TO IMPROVE HR COMPETENCIES

Employees are the most valuable asset of an organization, so to enhance their performance it is necessary to pay attention to their learning. Training and development programs help organizations to build a skilled and competent workforce in order to maintain a high level of competency and to survive in a dynamic business environment. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effectiveness of training and development on employee performance at JK Paper Ltd, Songadh. The research employed descriptive analysis. Primary data was collected through distributing questionnaires to 100 employees, who were selected through the random sampling technique. Findings reveal that overall training and development has a significant impact on employee’s performance. It helps the organization in reducing employee turnover, increasing the productivity of employees, and contributing to higher financial returns for the organization. The study suggests that there is a need for improvisation in identifying the area where training needs have actually generated and salary structure should be revised at a regular interval of time. In the last few years, many human resource functions have strived to reinvent themselves through new visions, strategies, structures, processes, and systems. However, to sustain the transformation of human resource functions, HR professionals must develop and demonstrate a new set of competencies to fulfil their changing roles and responsibilities. Based on in-depth interviews with ten senior HR executives, this article proposes a HR competency model which is both generic (i.e., able to encompass the key competencies that are frequently used by companies in different industries) and specific (i.e., able to highlight the competency differences in various HR roles). As our research indicates only 10-35% of HR professionals possess the required new competencies, this article also reviews and discusses ten strategies that ten prominent companies use to bridge the competency gap of their HR professionals. Important levers for competency development include planning and assessment, communications, performance management, training, and development. Keywords: Training, Development, Employee performance, Organization.

Financial Statistics Analysis of Microsoft, Apple, Pfizer and Merck

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on global industries. The pandemic's impact on financial performance varied widely across sectors. This report aims to provide a preliminary understanding of the impact of the pandemic on companies in different industries and with different business models. This report selects four other companies, Microsoft, Apple, Pfizer, and Merck, from two different sectors, pharmaceuticals and technology. By comparing companies from these diverse industries, the report gains insights into the different business models reflected in their financial data. The financial statistics examined include annual stock returns, EBIT margin, and EPS. This analysis of technology and pharmaceutical companies' financial data highlights differences in performance and trends. The findings emphasize the significance of operating margin and EPS as key indicators of financial performance across industries. The differing financial performances of these four companies before and after the pandemic are primarily influenced by the characteristics of their respective industries, the nature of their business operations, and their financial strategies.

IMPACT OF META VERSE ANNOUNCEMENT DATE ON STOCK PRICES

Purpose-The developing metaverse, a virtual world poised to transform online interaction, has raised an important question: how does a company's participation influence its financial standing? This study focuses on the e-commerce behemoth Amazon and its prospective entry into the metaverse. Our major goal is to determine whether a statement by Amazon on their metaverse plans causes a significant impact in their stock price. By examining past stock data with any potential metaverse announcement dates, we hope to determine whether Amazon's excitement about the metaverse translates into an actual financial benefit. This study dives deeper by examining the specifics of the announcement (assuming it occurs). Does the level of commitment and investment mentioned affect the stock price reaction? Finally, this study aims to bridge the gap between the hoopla surrounding the metaverse and its real-world ramifications for corporations such as Amazon. Approach: Event Definition: The event of interest is the particular day on which our selected companies makes a public declaration about entering the metaverse. This date will be critical to our analysis. Event Window: We'll set a timetable around the announcement date. This window will most likely consist of two parts: Estimation Window: The period preceding the announcement, we have selected 110 days, helps set a baseline for Amazon's stock price performance and eliminates the impact of unrelated market movements. Event Window: This time period, we have selected as 10 days before and after following the announcement allows us to monitor any potential changes in stock price due to metaverse news. Findings: Stock Price Change: The investigation may discover a statistically significant boost in companies stock price following a metaverse announcement. This suggests that investors reacted positively to the announcement, maybe seeing the metaverse as a new growth prospect. No Change or Negative Change: Alternatively, the investigation may discover no substantial change, or even a decline in stock price following the announcement. This could suggest investor concern about companies capacity to capitalize on the metaverse, as well as a general market correction during the event window. Impact of Announcement Specificity: The study may find that the level of depth and commitment conveyed in the announcement influences stock price movement. A more thorough and ambitious proposal may elicit a better positive response from investors. Industry-Specific Effects: The research design might be expanded to compare company's stock price movement to those of other companies in different industries following metaverse announcements. This could reveal whether particular industries have a stronger stock market reaction because of their deeper relationship to the metaverse. Limitation: For starters, the metaverse is a very new concept, so any announcement by worldwide companies may focus on future projects. This makes it difficult to estimate the long-term financial impact on the company's stock price. Furthermore, the specifics of the announcement itself (assuming it occurs) are critical. A vague announcement with few specifics may have a lower impact on the stock price than a well-defined plan with realistic investment figures. These constraints underscore the need for additional research as the metaverse and corporate participation in it evolve.

Impact of Firm Size and Systematic Risk on Stock Returns in Companies of Different Industries

Purpose: The study explores the relationship between firm size, systematic risk, and stock returns across various industries. The purpose of the study is to analyze how these factors influence stock returns and to provide insights for investors and financial analysts. The theoretical framework is based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and existing literature on firm size, systematic risk, and stock returns.  Methodology: The research methodology involves quantitative analysis using financial data from companies in different industries. Variables such as firm size, systematic risk, and stock returns are measured and analyzed using statistical techniques and models. The study aims to uncover patterns and relationships that can help in understanding the dynamics of stock returns in diverse industry settings.  Findings: The findings of the study reveal significant correlations between firm size, systematic risk, and stock returns. Larger firms tend to exhibit lower systematic risk and higher stock returns compared to smaller firms. The analysis also highlights industry-specific variations in the impact of firm size and systematic risk on stock returns, suggesting that industry dynamics play a crucial role in shaping investment outcomes.  Originality: This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between firm size, systematic risk, and stock returns in companies across different industries. The originality of the work lies in its comprehensive analysis of these factors and its implications for investment decision-making.

The moderating effects of the industry competition level and industry diversification on the relationship between the transaction price of mergers and acquisitions and corporate value

This study delved into the moderating impact of industry diversification and competition intensity on the relationship between merger and acquisition transaction prices and enterprise value. Using panel data on corporate mergers and acquisitions in Jordan between 2017 and 2022, this study applied a fixed effect model and performed robust regression to test hypotheses. A total of 402 observations for 108 companies were included in the estimation, and year dummies were incorporated into the model to control for year-specific effects. The findings revealed that transaction prices had a significantly negative impact on the firm’s future value. However, this negative effect was mitigated in the opposite direction if the acquirer faced highly competitive intensity. Moreover, in the case of mergers and acquisitions between companies in different industries, this mitigating effect became even more pronounced. The study carries several theoretical implications. It quantitatively demonstrated that the effects of corporate mergers and acquisitions, particularly the effects of transaction prices, influence the corporation’s value. These effects are moderated by the corporation’s competitive environment and the characteristics of the merger and acquisition, including whether it involves companies in different industries. The research also has significant implications for practical corporate merger and acquisition applications. Practitioners should analyse synergies and fair values with target companies and comprehensively consider the competitive intensity of the company's markets that can be effectively accessed through mergers and acquisitions when anticipating the effects of mergers and acquisitions.

Dynamic Approach to the Development of Basic Management Tools in Processes of Strategic Management

The article provides results of methodological research dealing with dynamics of basic management tool development used in strategic management. These tools used for elaborating strategy of companies in different industries proved their practical usefulness and caused no doubt in the necessity of their use for many decades. However, objective changes in the world, including the sphere of strategic management have led to the need to revise a number of key methods and tools of management used for strategy elaboration. Extreme complexity of today’s world results in diversity of approaches and tools for shaping and realizing strategies. The author substantiated the necessity of this revision and described outdated components of the SWOT-analysis, the method of management by goals, SMART criteria in goal-setting, development of business-processes, forecasting and some other methods. Serious changes in using these methods in advanced companies were discussed and necessary upgrading connected with growing dynamic and controversy of processes in internal and external environment was highlighted. The use of renewed management tools in strategic management can allow us to get serious results both in strategy elaboration and in its actualization and realization in practice.

Selection of the best Big Data platform using COBRAC-ARTASI methodology with adaptive standardized intervals

The advanced technologies emerging in Industry 4.0 are forcing companies in different industries to review their business models and become more compatible with advanced technological practices. While traditional business models are increasingly inadequate in the face of increasing competition, business models developed thanks to advanced technologies such as deep learning and machine learning have begun to replace them. However, developing business intelligence and intelligent applications using these technologies requires more data processing. In this context, Big Data technology is a unique instrument in providing the data businesses need to design more intelligent systems. In conclusion, the Big Data platform can significantly speed up the processes of structuring and processing the data and information generated and increase businesses' efficiency, performance, and agility. However, being a relatively new concept, the knowledge about the Big Data concept is limited, leading to several challenges for decision-makers concerning choosing the appropriate platform. Also, the number of studies on this subject is highly scarce. Hence, practitioners in various industries lack sufficient support from the research society on this issue. We could not find crisp and definite values to evaluate the BD alternatives despite comprehensive investigation. In that regard, as data, we addressed appraisals and opinions of IT professionals with vast knowledge and experience in assessment, selection, installation, and operation. We developed a novel decision-making model to evaluate and select the most proper BD platforms by processing these data. In this connection, the current investigation suggests a novel, robust, practical decision-making model for defining the combination of the weight of criteria based on pairwise comparisons of adjacently ranked criteria (COmparisons Between RAnked Criteria- COBRAC) and the ARTASI (Alternative ranking technique based on adaptive standardized intervals -ARTASI). It can handle complex ambiguities encountered in appraisal processes to address the Big Data platform selection problem. In addition, the current work developed a negotiation process quantitificated to determine the influential criteria affecting the selection of the Big Data platform. When we evaluate the outcomes of the suggested model, the most influential criterion affecting the selection of the Big Data platform is C12 “Ease of Use.” in addition, the most suitable Big Data platform for large-scale enterprises has been identified as A3 Microsoft SQL Server. The proposed model and its results have been validated based on extensive sensitivity and comparison analysis. These results also offer practical and managerial implications for the industry. Although many studies indicate that installation cost and speed are the most critical factors, this research found that, unlike these studies, ease of use is the most critical factor in choosing a BD platform. In this context, the BD alternative that provides the highest ease of use can produce more efficient results and reduce complexities in collecting and processing high volumes of structured and unstructured data.

THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL SUPPLY CHAIN AND SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ON THE PRODUCT INNOVATION PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLES OF INNOVATION TYPE

This study delves into the intricate interplay between external supply chain dynamics, sustainable competitive advantage, innovation types, and product innovation performance. Through a comprehensive exploration, this research seeks to shed light on the relationships and their implications for organizations.
 The conceptual framework was constructed by introducing demographic variables such as position, company type, capitalization, etc. The minimum acceptable sample size for this study was calculated to be 384 and 520 valid questionnaires were distributed and returned to the companies in different industries through stratified sampling method, and hypotheses were formulated. Through related research, it was concluded that there is a strong positive relationship between the effectiveness of the external supply chain and the product innovation performance of an organization, there is a significant positive relationship between sustainable competitive advantage and product innovation performance, and innovation type does not have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the external supply chain and product innovation performance. This study lays the groundwork for future research to explore deeper nuances in external supply chains, sustainable competitive advantage, and innovation types to enrich the collective knowledge of innovation and supply chain management.

Decarbonisation strategies for manufacturing: A technical and economic comparison

Decarbonisation strategies for eight German manufacturing companies of different industries (electrical, chemical, beverage, mechanical engineering, automotive, polymer processing) are developed and analysed. The abatement potential and economic feasibility of strategies depend to a large extent on individual preconditions e.g., the area available for renewable energy systems, and dynamic effects, for example the changing emission intensity of local electricity generation. The strategies lead to a reduction of between 41 % and 88 % for seven of the eight companies.The in-depth case studies show that energy efficiency measures and expanding the company's own renewable energy plants, except for solar heat, are particularly cost-effective, while shutting-down existing combined heat and power plants has the highest abatement costs between 169 and 1686 EUR/tCO2e. Decarbonising electricity procurement and switching from natural gas to biomethane have the highest greenhouse gas abatement potential in Scope 1 and 2.The novelty of this work is the linking of economic and ecological considerations of measures in the context of company-specific decarbonisation strategies. Using marginal abatement cost curves, different options for emission reductions are discussed and general conclusions for the development of decarbonisation strategies in the manufacturing sector are drawn.

Motivation and development of employees on the example of companies from different sectors

Purpose: is to compare the motivational factors of individual employees and their fulfilment by the employer on the example of employees from companies in different industries. A sub-objective will be to identify the role of employee development as a motivational factor.
 Method: is conduct the research, a structured questionnaire survey.
 Paper type: theoretical and practical.

How and Why Does Green Bond Have Lower Issuance Interest Rate? Evidence from China

ABSTRACT This paper studies the issuing pricing character of green bonds with the evidence from China and further analyzes the reason why green factor affects bond issuing pricing by analyzing credit rating’s intermediary effect and exploring the mediating of policy incentives and third-party green certification. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis is conducted to analyze how green factor impacts on bond issuing pricing at different quantiles and for companies in different industries or with different ownership. The findings include: (1) Green factor generally reduces the issuance interest rate of green bonds, though this effect is not significant at the low quantiles or at the early development stage. (2) Green factor’s impact on bond issuing pricing occurs partly by improving bond credit rating, fully by this way for companies in the construction industry, but directly for companies in other industries. (3) For non-state-owned companies, green factor has direct effect on bond issuing pricing, but this effect is not significant for state-owned companies. (4) Third-party green certification and incentive policies enhance the reducing effect of green factor on the issuance interest rate. This study provides a theoretical reference for environment-friendly investors, financiers with green projects and the regulators caring about green finance.

Portfolio Analysis Based on the U.S. Stock Market

As investors place more and more importance on stocks as a financial instrument, how to construct a portfolio of securities in order to avoid risks and obtain more excess profits has become an important issue in the financial world. This paper analyzes the assets of ten representative companies in different industries in the U.S. stock market. The paper uses the closing price data of these ten companies for the past 20 years to construct the optimal portfolio by means of mean-variance model and index model. The results show that in the mean-variance and index models, PG has the highest weight in the minimum variance portfolio, while AAPL in the maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio tends to have the largest weight and can be considered for inclusion in the portfolio at the time of investment. The results of this research may be useful to potential investors interested in the relevant areas of the U.S. stock market.

Portfolio Optimization for Six Companies in Different Industries

Portfolio optimization is an essential step in the process of asset management. Studying portfolio can help people gain greater benefits after investing their assets. This paper makes a subjective analysis of the stocks in the American stock market, and finally selects six stocks from different fields, including health care, finance, public utilities, Internet software and services, non-energy minerals, and industry for portfolio analysis. This paper uses mean-variance analysis, CAPM model and Fama-French model to get the best portfolios, and analyses portfolio performance under different methods. The results show that, in the CAPM model, "GS" gets the largest weight in the maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio and "AWK" gains the largest weights in the minimum variance portfolio. At the same time, in the Fama-French model, "GS" and "AWK" still get the largest weight in the maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio and minimum variance portfolio, respectively. This paper will be helpful to investors who pay attention to the six areas involved in this paper.

THE IMPACT OF TWITTER ON FIRM VALUE

ABSTRACT Twitter is a leading firm in social media information with important implications across various spheres ranging from politics to the capital markets. This study examines the impact of Twitter on firm value. We analyze the returns on publicly traded stocks of firms that start to use Twitter. We find that the Return on Twitter (ROT) initiation events are positive and statistically significant for latter initiations. We find evidence that the positive impact of using Twitter accrued to companies that adopted Twitter use more recently indicating that the value of using Twitter became more known to investors as Twitter developed. There are differing impacts on firm value from initiating a Twitter account for companies in different industries. Furthermore, we show that abnormal returns are far more significantly negative for smaller firms than larger firms when sorted by their size. Keywords Twitter, Event Study, Cumulative Abnormal Return, Firm Value

Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Methods in Russian Companies

Implementation of lean manufacturing methods is widespread globally. These methods have demonstrated high potential of implementation and gained popularity in many developed, developing and transition economies. Despite the popularity, so far there are few empirical research devoted to the implementation of lean manufacturing in Russia, and this paper partially fills this gap.Aim. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the spread of lean manufacturing methods, find out the most frequently used practices, describe the industry affiliation of companies and identify problems and obstacles in the implementation of lean manufacturing methods and techniques.Tasks. To achieve the objectives, the quantitative empirical study was conducted on the base of open secondary sources.Methods. The information about the lean projects of 201 companies of different industries was gathered. The data was processed, coded and analyzed.Results. Among findings, we identified that 5S and VSM were the most implementing practices, most of the companies were practicing 3 to 7 lean practices at the same time. Low employee engagement, unfavorable organizational culture and problems of scaling the pilot projects are the most frequent problems in implementing of lean practices.Conclusions. The introduction of lean manufacturing methods remains one of the main direction of production processes improving and labor productivity increasing on Russian enterprises. The study has limitations inherent to research that are based on secondary sources.

Developing a digital maturity model for the sales processes of industrial projects

To support adequate strategic decisions, every digital transformation begins with an analysis of the current state of the company. These analyses often include the use of digital maturity models (DMMs). There are numerous DMMs in a wide variety of industries and application areas. While most of these models primarily address the digital maturity of manufacturing companies as a whole, only a few DMMs focus on particular departments or processes. Thus, there is a research gap in this field of study. This paper contributes to the identified gap by developing a DMM for the sales process in B2B project business. Building on a literature review that identified and examined specific DMMs which have been developed in the B2B context, we conducted a case study using expert interviews at a large German industrial company to develop a DMM of the different phases of the sales process. This DMM shall contribute to the research of maturity models and guide companies of different industries in their digital transformation activities focusing on the digitalization of their sales process.

Coronavirus Impact on the leading stock markets and IPOs Intention

The goal of this research report is to look into the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the stock markets of China and the United States, focusing on the major stock indices in both countries' stock markets while also looking at the performance of companies in various industries during the epidemic. Also, the impact of the epidemic on the IPOs status of firms in various industries, in order to determine which industries and companies are worth paying attention to during the epidemic. Methodology: Based on the S&P Global 100 closing price, a comparison and event study of index closing prices for the aforementioned countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic. To that purpose, we utilised cross-sectional Mest and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests to look at changes in major stock indexes during the pandemic, cross-sectional t-tests for sample analysis, and OLS (ordinary least the squares) market model to combine the market and industries to make conclusions. Data visualisation, financial indicator calculations, and a clear display of analysis results are required for the success of IPOs efforts. Findings: The study discovered that different industries reacted to the stock market in different ways. There was a positive link between the number of listed firms and their industry stock performance as the market size of the industry grew. Furthermore, different industries have varied reactions to the stock market, and the IPOs activities of companies in different industries will influence the stock market's future development path.Implication: COVID-19 has supported another set of tech industries, although first affecting a portion of traditional industries.Originality: During COVID-19, no research has been done to determine the impact of the stock market on IPOs activities in various industries.

The difference of main operation ratios performance between energy industry and Electronics and appliances industry: a discriminant analysis from 19 listed companies

Companies in different industries have their own operation situation. Then, if companies in a same industry are facing some general same problems or advantages, will some financial performance of companies in an industry be distinguishable from companies in a different industry? Through using discriminant analysis, the paper gives out the outcome of differentiating two industries based on the combination of two ratios. Each industry is represented by a number of companies that is listed and successful. Five rations have been adopted and combined, including Current Ratio, Operating Expense Ratio, Gross Profit Margin and EBIT Margin. The paper finds that the combination of Gross Profit Margin and Operating Expense Ratio have the highest Mahalanobis distance, which means the best way to distinguish two industries However, the number is too small to effective, so people are hard to decide the industry of a company only based on its business performance.

The Impact of Agile Leadership to Business Resilience in the Face of the Vuca Era

Digitalization and globalization are influential factors in changing the world today. 2019 where Covid-19 emerged as a pandemic outbreak succeeded in causing fanfare, and became another factor that caused world changes. The conditions being experienced can be called the turmoil of the Vuca era. An era in which changes occur rapidly due to uncertainty gives ambiguity. These three phenomena impact all sectors, including business. Many companies had to go out of business because they could not adapt with changes, but not a few businesses were able to survive. The key to the success of the business lies in the company's leaders, the main actors in every company's decision. Not surprisingly, leaders are the first to be aware of changes in the business environment, so they are expected to bring the company still sustain after many shocks. The concept of a leader who is quick and precise in making decisions is also called an agile leader. Agile has a comprehensive meaning. Through this research, the indicators of agile leaders in the Vuca era will be studied. The impact of agile leadership on business resilience in the face of challenges in the Vuca era will also be investigated. This research is qualitative, data collected through an interview process. There are three informants from companies in different industries. The three informants are the leads of the Business Development division who are in touch with company innovation. Companies used as objects in this research have proven to survive in the Vuca era after going through the three phenomena mentioned, as evidenced by innovations that many parties recognize. This study shows that it is true that the existence of an agile leader who specific competency indicators can judge can have a significant impact on business resilience in facing the challenges of the Vuca era.

The Impact of Corporate News on Stock Prices: Evidence from the Russian Stock Market

In the face of complex sanctions, Russian companies are looking for new mechanisms to ensure sustainability. An overcrowded corporate news backdrop could be the source for a significant decline in a company’s market value or growth. Given the importance of information disclosure and corporate news for investors’ expectations, we estimate the effect that four types of corporate news (Official publication of financial results for the quarters and for the year; M&A; Appointment of new persons; Dividend policy) impose on shares of three Russian companies in different industries: the financial, energy and high-tech sectors. In order to reflect corporate news’ influence, we developed an index of corporate news for the companies concerned utilizing daily data ranging 2015–2021. By applying a vector error-correction model, we demonstrate that corporate news and corporate equities are related over the long run. Short-run results obtained with the Granger test suggest no evidence of causality. At the second stage, we construct impulse response functions that affirm the effect of corporate news on stocks. Corporate news has a high and positive effect on stock prices in the high tech and energy sectors, while the financial sector reacts in a mixed manner to corporate news, and the effect is weak. Obtained results serve as the basis for practical recommendations to individual and institutional investors, as well as to companies for market value management.