Companies In Singapore Research Articles

Flexibility and Adaptation of Contract Law

This study aims to explore the differences in the flexibility and adaptation of contract law in Indonesia which adheres to the civil law system and Singapore which is based on common law, as well as its implications for modern business. Contract law in Indonesia is still heavily dependent on the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), which dates back to the colonial era and has not undergone significant updates. This has led to stiffness in the implementation of contracts, especially in fast-growing business sectors such as digital technology. In contrast, Singapore has adopted a common law system, which is more flexible and able to adapt to changes in the economy and international business dynamics through the use of precedents. In a business context, flexibility and legal adaptation are essential because contracts often have to adapt to new emerging needs, including changes in technology, regulations, and market conditions. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a comparative method, examining laws, court decisions, and related academic literature. The case study of business contracts between Indonesian and Singaporean companies in the technology sector is also used as a study material to provide a practical view of the effectiveness of each country's legal system in facing contemporary business challenges. The results show that Singapore excels in contract flexibility due to the use of precedents that allow for legal adjustments without the need for formal legislative changes. On the other hand, contract law in Indonesia is often unable to keep up with rapid developments due to rigid and outdated regulatory limitations. This difference has an impact on the speed and efficiency of contract dispute resolution in both countries, with Singapore being able to resolve disputes more quickly through a more responsive system. This study concludes that to increase competitiveness in the global economy, Indonesia needs to reform the Civil Code to be more flexible and adaptive like the one implemented in Singapore. These recommendations are important to ensure that Indonesia can create a more competitive business environment and support innovation, especially in the ever-evolving digital era.

Clive Palmer’s claims against Australia for billions renew pressure to remove investor rights to sue governments from trade agreements

Abstract The Australian debate over Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) sharpened in 2023 because Australian mining billionaire Clive Palmer, having previously registered his mining company in Singapore, has claimed to be a Singaporean investor. He is using ISDS provisions in the 2012 ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement and the amended 2017 Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement to sue the Australian government for a total of A$410 billion in three separate claims. This article uses Cox’s critical theory framework developed by Schneiderman to explain the historical development and power dynamics of ISDS, the contest between its business supporters and social movement critics, and the impact of this contest on governments. It then analyses the Palmer claims and explores the global debate about ISDS, including its increased use by fossil fuel companies against government regulation of carbon emissions, which has led to increased resistance from social movements and governments. ISDS is also being reviewed by the United Nations and World Bank institutions which provide arbitrators for its tribunals and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The conclusion assesses the debate over whether ISDS can be reformed and its future viability.

An effect of environmental disclosure on financial performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia and Singapore

This study aimed to analyze the effect of environmental disclosure on the financial performance of manufacturing companies in Indonesia and Singapore. The sample in this study consisted of 108 manufacturing companies from Indonesia and 102 manufacturing companies from Singapore. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression. The results of this study indicated that environmental disclosure affected financial performance (ROA, ROE, and NPM) in Indonesia. However, the research on the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on financial performance (ROA, ROE, and NPM) in Singapore showed the opposite results. Furthermore, the results of this study also showed that environmental disclosure did not affect EPS in Indonesia and Singapore. In addition, this study also proved that Indonesia and Singapore had different levels of CSR implementation in which Singapore had a better quality of CSR disclosure than Indonesia. Hopefully, the study can provide an overview of the non-monetary aspects that should be considered in investment.

Communicating and managing aspirational talk-action tensions: An integrated approach of CSR discourse analysis

Inspired by propositions founded on the Communication as Constitutive of Organization literature, this paper employed a mixed method combining Cultural Discourse Analysis (CuDA) with Corpus Linguistics to investigate how companies manage aspirational talk-action tensions in corporate social responsibility (CSR) discourses for social license to operate. Ten sustainability reports of five companies in Singapore and Hong Kong were accessed to examine the emergence of CuDA discursive hubs (identity, relation, emotion, action, and dwelling), the articulation of linguistic elements via concordance analysis, and the adoption of socio-cultural dimensions in addressing tension mechanisms. Findings revealed intricate communication dynamics resulting in four strategies that companies undertook to address and manage discrepancies, thereby enabling the construction of effective narrative CSR communication. These strategies provide valuable insights for public relations practitioners who engage in sustainability reporting and seek to adequately handle aspirational talk-action tensions that can possibly cause negative impacts.

A comparison of periodic health examinations and workplace health screening for workers in Singapore and Japan.

This article aims to provide a historical overview of how workplace safety and health legislations in Singapore and Japan have evolved, and perform a comparative analysis of the occupational health systems where work-related medical examinations and health screening are concerned. The discourse is centered on three key themes - coverage, comprehensiveness, and continuity of care. The comparative analysis was performed based on secondary data obtained from open-source platforms. Singapore and Japan have robust workplace safety and health legislative frameworks and laws. However, their approaches diverge because of differing socioeconomic and political contexts. Japan's regulations are generally more comprehensive, require more frequent monitoring of workers' health status, and encompass both physical and mental health components. Singaporean companies focus primarily on the physical component of health, and statutory examinations are required only for exposure to specific occupational hazards. With increasing prominence of mental health issues and shift towards preventive care in Singapore, there will be greater emphasis on a holistic approach to each employee's overall health in future. For Japan, the challenge would be to strike a balance between long-term sustainability of current policies against the need for state and corporations to still retain an adequate stake in ensuring workers' overall health.

Green perspective on intellectual capital, corporate social responsibility, and competitive advantage: The role of firm performance

Green economy issues can occur both in the external and internal environment of business entities in terms of intellectual capital activities, social responsibility, and competitive advantage. This study aims to examine the relationship between intellectual capital, corporate social responsibility, firm performance, and competitive advantage through the mediating role of firm performance from a green perspective. Data were collected from annual reports accessed through the official Stock Exchange websites in each respective research country. The number of samples used is 60 sample data from pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Data analysis is carried out using multiple linear regression, path analysis, and Sobel test. This study shows that green intellectual capital, corporate social responsibility, and firm performance have a significant effect on green competitive advantage. Green intellectual capital and green corporate social responsibility have a significant effect on firm performance. Regarding mediating relationships, the results showed green intellectual capital and corporate social responsibility can increase green competitive advantage through firm performance. This shows that a company manager should pay attention to improving intellectual capital capability and corporate social responsibility because they have been proven to improve firm performance and competitive advantage in the context of green economy issues.

ESG Performance and State Ownership in Firm Valuation: Perspectives from Singapore Companies

This study examines how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and state ownership affect firm valuation in Singapore and determines if the effects of ESG on firm valuation are more pronounced in state-owned companies. The data comprises 51 companies listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange with complete ESG and financial information during the five-year period from 2018 to 2022. This study finds that only social practices positively and statistically significantly affect stock prices. Overall ESG values, and the other two dimensions of ESG appear not to be statistically significant. State ownership appears to positively and significantly affect the stock price. The finding suggests that the Singapore government’s substantial influence over corporate practices could accentuate the difference in market perception of ESG efforts between SOEs and companies. The study provides useful and practical implications to policymakers, managers and investors, which affect firm financial and operational performance.

ESG and financial performance: Evidence from Singapore companies

ESG and financial performance: Evidence from Singapore companies

The impact of intellectual capital strategy on firm value and financial distress

This study aims to examine the effect of intangible assets, on corporate financial performance and financial distress. Intangible assets in this study are explained by human capital efficiency (HCE), relational capital efficiency (RCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE), and capital employed efficiency (CEE). The measurement model often used is the extended value-added intellectual coefficient plus (EVAIC+) model by Ulum (2017), which is a model developed from a comparison of Edvinsson’s (1997) and Pulic’s (2000) models. Financial performance is measured by firm value with price to book value (PBV) proxy, and financial distress with Altman Z-score. This study was conducted using secondary data and sample selection using purposive sampling with samples being listed manufacturing companies in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and South Korea, Japan, and China Stock Exchanges for the period 2011–2021. The results of the study on Model 1 found that HCE, RCE, and CEE have a positive effect and significance and SCE have a negative effect and significance on firm value. Model 2 found that HCE, RCE, and CEE have a positive effect and SCE have a negative effect and significant on financial distress. The results of this study can be used as a reference for companies to be able to manage intangible assets, especially intellectual capital disclosure.

Green HRM In Improving Employee Performance By Mediating Role Of Green OCB And Green Behavior: Study On Manufacturing Companies In Singapore

This study examined the effect of green human resource management (GHRM) and organizational performance on Singapore's ELPRO Steel Conduit and Cable Support System Manufacturing Industry. This study introduced Green Behavior and Green OCB (Organizational Citizen Behavior) as mediating variables. This study uses a quantitative method. Data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS) with smart-PLS3 software. The study population was Blue Pearls Pte Ltd Manufacturing Industry, Singapore's ELPRO steel conduit and cable support employees, with 106 respondents using the census sample method. The results showed that all the hypotheses tested were accepted. GHRM significantly impacts employee performance through the dominant factor of employee involvement in environmentally friendly practices. Meanwhile, Green Behavior and Green OCB can indirectly mediate GHRM on employee performance. The results of this research can provide insights for organizational to develop policies, programs and practices that encourage the adoption of GHRM, green Behavior and green OCB of employees and improve employee performance in their organization.

The Moderating Effect of Ownership Structure in Affecting CSR on Financial Performance

CSR activities are becoming a trend that companies do to be able to compete in increasingly fierce business competition. The company's consistency in carrying out CSR activities can have an influence on the profits generated by the company, which is shown by the company's financial performance. However, there are factors that can influence CSR on financial performance, one of which is ownership structure. The company's managerial ownership structure will have an impact on how well business decisions are made. The ownership identity applied by the company will support management decision making in implementing CSR efforts and improving financial performance. This study was conducted to examine the effect of ownership structure as a moderating variable on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance in companies located in Indonesia and Singapore. Furthermore, it was also tested by comparing CSR disclosures in the two countries by focusing on companies listed on the LQ45 index and the Straits Times Index. The test analysis uses panel data regression analysis and Mann-Whitney test to determine the level of difference in CSR in Indonesia and Singapore. The results obtained are that there is no significant difference in CSR in Indonesian and Singaporean companies. Furthermore, the role of ownership structure in strengthening the relationship between CSR and financial performance can be proven in Singapore companies, but cannot be proven in Indonesian companies.
 

Security Awareness Strategy for Phishing Email Scams: A Case Study One of a Company in Singapore

Social Engineering Procedures and phishing are some of the standard procedures and problems today, mainly through sophisticated media such as email, the official means of communication companies use. Phishing emails are usually associated with Social Designing. They can be sent via joins and connections in this email, but they are not secure. Proliferation can be hacked into private/confidential data or total control over the computer/Email without the client's knowledge. The method used in this research is a cycle that will run continuously in a life cycle, starting from problem identification, then generating ideas and evaluating the Implementation of solutions. At each stage, a thorough checking process is needed to obtain results. Follow what you want. Achieved. The results of this study provide recommendations and some suggestions that companies can make; this aims to be one of the doors that provides restrictions for access from parties who are not entitled to access the application. Some thought has shown that this attack is growing and affecting the population. The evaluation stages in this study consist of 5 phases. Each phase is a step used to prevent both the system and the behavior in the company. Awareness is critical at the start considering this is the basis for the organization to determine who will take care of the personnel's knowledge related to information security. It thinks about using survey writing strategies and recommendations that can be made in anticipation of an attack, such as setting up representation or attention as early and often as possible.

Ownership concentration, sustainability practices, and cost of debt: Evidence from ASEAN countries

This study examines the effect of ownership concentration on sustainability practices and the cost of debt. Subsequently, this study examines whether the performance of sustainability practices influences the cost of debt of public listed companies in three ASEAN countries. This study performed a content analysis on the annual reports of 93 public listed companies in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The data analysis showed that ownership concentration has a significant negative effect on the cost of debt but no significant effect on sustainability practices. It also showed that there is a significant negative effect of sustainability practices on the cost of debt. Such findings could be attributed to the differences in business relationships between investors and companies and the non-linear relationship between ownership concentration and sustainability practices. This study provides evidence that both ownership concentration and sustainability practices negatively affect the cost of debt of the public listed companies. From the findings, it is recommended that public listed companies should refocus and strategize ways to mitigate the negative effect of ownership concentration and sustainability practices on the cost of debt, particularly in developing countries.

Disclosure of Governance, Ownership Structure, Earnings Quality, and Future Performance (Evidence from Indonesia and Singapore)

<p>This study analyzes the effect of institutional ownership structure and earnings quality on the future performance of companies with governance as a moderating variable in Indonesian and Singaporean companies. The company's future performance in general will usually be represented in the financial statements. Earnings quality is an important benchmark for companies to determine the quality of company accounting information. Institutional ownership is sharing ownership owned by an institution or business entity. Institutions here can mean ownership by banks, foundations, investment fund managers, pension fund managers, and others. Good Corporate Governance is corporate governance that explains the influence between various participants in the company that determines the direction of the company's future performance. The sample used in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Singapore Stock Exchange from the period 2018 to 2020. This study uses a multiple linear regression model. The results show that institutional ownership structure has a significant positive effect on Future Performance and governance. as an independent variable shows a significant positive result on Future Performance.</p>

Do it right the first time: Vehicle routing with home delivery attempt predictors

Up to 20% of all business‐to‐consumer deliveries fail on the first attempt. Failed deliveries not only carry cost implications but also incur damage to retailers’ brand reputation. Despite its economic significance, research has paid little attention to delivery attempt as an operational outcome or seldom accounted for its effects in routing models. This is partly due to the many factors that can influence delivery outcomes. We address this knowledge gap by first demonstrating that failed delivery attempts can be reasonably predicted using common routing, demand, environmental, and market attributes at both the individual package and route levels. For model‐building, we use transaction data from an e‐commerce retailer in South America. We then explore the value of accounting for failed delivery attempts in routing models. We propose a two‐stage greedy algorithm for solving large problem instances. Our analysis indicates that not accounting for the probability of failed attempts in routing models may create a significant downward bias in the total cost of delivery. The analysis also suggests that manipulating the sequence in which packages in a route are delivered can be a cost‐efficient lever that firms can employ at almost zero cost to profoundly affect delivery outcomes. We replicate the prediction model to a new sample from a delivery company in Singapore and calibrate it for a randomized field experiment to validate our algorithm's performance. Packages and drivers are randomly assigned to either our algorithm or the focal company's existing algorithm. Results suggest that our algorithm, on average, reduces the share of failed delivery attempts by 10% and the total cost of delivery by $13 per route. We further propose drivers’ discretionary work effort and the goal‐gradient hypothesis as a mechanism for the efficacy of our algorithm. Controlling for time of day and other fixed effects, we empirically find that packages assigned to slots later in the route tend to have a lower failure rate because drivers display a higher degree of discretionary work effort toward the end of a route. Our approach can be applied to other firms’ last‐mile delivery operations to improve their delivery execution.

Cash Holdings and R&D Intensity with Different Controlling Shareholders

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research aims to examine the effects of cash holdings on a firm’s R&D intensity. We further examine how that relationship may be varied across different controlling share­holders. For robustness reasons, we test it in a developing market and a developed market. Background Problems: Economics and business theories state that research and development (R&D) is susceptible to financing constraints due to the lack of collateral value and asymmetric information issues. This argument has been extensively debated with no consensus being reached. Therefore current study focuses on the examination of R&D and cash holding and the role of controlling shareholders. Novelty: The current study considers the importance of controlling shareholders on the relationship between cash holding and R&D intensity. We expect that different controlling shareholders will have different constraints on R&D financing. Research Methods: This study focuses on a sample of public listed companies in Malaysia and Singapore from the year 2012 to 2018, and estimates the model under a two-step GMM panel regression to eliminate the endogeneity issue. Finding/Results: The results show that cash holdings have significant effects on the intensity of R&D. However, that relationship is different across countries and across controlling shareholders. Malaysia’s foreign firms will increase their R&D’s intensity when their cash holdings are high. Meanwhile, Singaporean family firms will reduce the intensity of their R&D when their cash holdings are high. Overall the findings confirm the hypothetical alignment of the agency theory and also the resource-based view theory. Conclusion: Our findings surmise that higher cash holdings cause a lower R&D intensity due to the cash management decisions by managers. A firm with high leverage tends to reduce its R&D intensity when cash holdings are high, and vice versa. This behavior can be found in all the controlling shareholders.

COMPARISON OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES IN ASEAN COUNTRIES

ASEAN is an organization of countries in the Southeast Asian region. ASEAN provides many impacts on the world economy that can offer variations in economic progress. In ASEAN itself, many companies have been recognized internationally. In this journal, the author provides an overview of companies in the ASEAN region that have received good scores in Good Corporate Governance (GCG). In the approach in this journal, the author operates qualitative and quantitative procedures with the service of 5 scopes of the OECD regulations, namely Part A: Ownership of stockholder, Part B: righteous handling of a stockholder, Part C: Part of the stockholder, Part D: Exposure and Translucency, and Part E: Commitments of the council. From the results of the calculations that have been done, it can be given a little picture that Singapore and Malaysia have companies that are quite competitive in the international world. 7 Malaysian companies are in the top 20 of ASEAN’s best in terms of GCG, and 5 Singaporean companies are also in the top 20. Hopefully, this journal can provide an overview to academics or practitioners in their respective fields to improve company performance so that they can be included in the top GCG in the ASEAN region and imitated by other companies in the ASEAN region and outside ASEAN. In addition, ASEAN countries that have not been included in the GCG assessment can participate in assessing the company’s GCG performance.

Smart food: novel foods, food security, and the Smart Nation in Singapore

ABSTRACT In December 2020, Singapore made global headlines by being the first country to approve the commercial sale of lab grown meat. This approval was part of an effort by the city state to intensify the development of novel foods on the island. This paper describes this recent growth of novel food companies in Singapore. Singapore’s novel food policies ostensibly aim to create food security for its citizens. We argue that the embrace of the technology that surrounds novel foods also aligns with Singapore’s vision of building a “smart nation.” Although food is not a digital technology, the approaches to novel foods being taken in Singapore share many parallels with the rollout of digital technology. These parallels can be seen in the domains of standardization, regulation, intellectual property, data-gathering, and training. We anticipate that these shifts in procurement, regulation, consumption of foods, may ultimately challenge traditional food pathways and Singapore’s food identity.

Taxi driver’s learning curves: An empirical analysis

This study aims to understand the dynamic change in individual taxi drivers’ performance in terms of income and passenger-search performance. We analyzed the global positioning system (GPS) data of 14,170 taxi drivers from a taxi company in Singapore, covering a period of 24 months. Our empirical analyses show that (1) accumulated driving experience increases income and that (2) as taxi drivers accumulate driving experience, they are likely to find new passengers more efficiently by spotting better search areas. We also conducted a field study to extend our understanding of and identify other factors that were not considered in our estimation but could play pivotal roles in performance enhancement, including improved passenger-search routine. The implications of our findings for both theory and practice are discussed.

Neighborhood retail amenities and taxi trip behavior: A natural experiment in Singapore

While a small change in land use planning in existing neighborhoods may significantly reduce private vehicle trips, we do not have a great understanding of the magnitude of the project- and shock-based causal change in travel behaviors, especially for the retail purpose. We analyze the impact of newly developed malls on the retail trip behavior of nearby residents for shopping, dining or services. Using the difference-in-differences approach and big data from a major taxi company in Singapore, we find that households residing within 800 m from a new mall are significantly less likely to take taxis to other retail destinations after the mall's opening. This travel behavior change encompasses both intensive (the share of the number of retail trips out of total taxi trips originating from each residential building) and extensive (the share of retail trip distance out of total taxi trip distance) margin responses. We further demonstrate that the magnitude of this retail trip reduction is more significant during PM peak hours and for residential buildings that are located farther from the Central Business District and in less self-sufficient communities. Our research provides suggestive evidence on the significant role of neighborhood retail amenities to the change in mode and destination choices for retail. An important implication is that improving self-sufficiency for suburban neighborhoods could not only enhance the well-being of their residents but also increase aggregate welfare by reducing the level of congestion. This is extremely relevant to residential town planning in both developing and developed countries.