Companies In Years Research Articles

Sustainable development goals: Sustainability reporting challenges in the United Arab Emirates context

AbstractDrawing on legitimacy theory, this study examines the extent of corporate engagement with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) through assessing the corporate disclosure quality of SDG‐related information in a mandated setting environment, focusing on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Based on corporate sustainability reports for 132 UAE publicly listed companies in years 2020 and 20,221, we use a scoring methodology incorporating the GRI standards related to the economic, environmental and social impacts of corporate operations. Results of the study reveal that UAE companies use mandatory sustainability reports as a legitimacy tool through a symbolic action superficially integrating SDGs targets into their corporate operations and activities. However, in year 2021 the results show that some companies act substantively by adopting substantive organizational structural changes to integrate SDGs in their business operations and reporting behavior. Unlike previous studies, the paper contributes to the literature and practice by examining the corporate disclosure quality of SDGs in a mandated setting environment. This mandatory context offers an opportunity for a comprehensive analysis of company endeavors regarding their symbolic execution aimed at projecting a surface display of commitment to SDGs, versus their substantive implementation, which leads to significant enhancements in corporate sustainability reports. The findings of this study offer valuable practical implications for regulators and policymakers regarding the implementation of mandatory sustainability reporting. While such reporting may not necessarily result in significant changes in terms of integrating SDGs targets into business strategies and operations, it could potentially lead to the adoption of “SDG‐washing” practices by companies.

I, The Impact of Adoption of IFRS 9 on the Value Relevance Accounting Information for the Companies Listed in ISX

This research aims to know the effect of adopting IFRS 9 on the relevance of the value of the accounting information of the companies in the Iraqi Stock Exchange. Researchers relied on analyzing the financial statements of 10 listed companies for years 2016 – 2019. Researchers used the Ohlson price model to test the relationship between accounting information and value relevance. The research indicated that there is a significant relationship between the adoption of IFRS 9 and the relevance of the value of the earnings and the book value, but the earnings information is more relevance than the book value information, it is due to the interest of investors in the income statement in making investment decisions.

Getting Your Perforations in a Line Can Mean More-Productive Fracturing

Want more production from a shale well? Consider lining up the perforations. A handful of speakers at the recent SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference talked about improved fracturing results with oriented perforating—shooting the holes at the same place in the casing, often the top. This breaks from designs that arranged the holes in a helical pattern with each charge angled 60° from the previous one. “We did see indications we are getting better production from oriented perforating,” said Blake Horton, senior completions engineer for Ovintiv (SPE 204177). Production gains were also reported by ConocoPhillips which compared production from similar wells with and without oriented perforating. The analysis was designed to filter out differences in the geology, drilling, and completions. It concluded the value of the added production far exceeded the $20,000-per-well cost of installing the assembly, including a weight bar to tilt the perforating guns into position. “That’s less than the undiscounted value of 400 barrels of oil. An internal study indicated that ConocoPhillips improved estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) by a minimum of 5% when using high-side-oriented perforating,” said Dave Cramer, senior engineering fellow at ConocoPhillips and an early advocate for the method. “For an initial choked flow rate of 1,000 B/D, the payout on investment is 10 days or less,” he said. Ovintiv declined to provide a number, but Horton said ConocoPhillips’ estimate is within Ovintiv’s range based on similar comparisons of wells with and without oriented perforating. That number is at the low end of the estimates offered in discussions about oriented perforating performance at the conference. Higher estimates are questioned by those who doubt the test results can be sustained when the method is scaled up. What was certain is the number of users is rising and includes names such as Shell and Chevron. “We found that oriented perforating definitely helps to treat all the clusters,” said Jon Snyder, a staff completion engineer for ConocoPhillips who presented the paper, adding, “by oriented perforating we mean that when we are perforating, we aim for the high side of the wellbore” (SPE 204203). When Horton polled the audience at a recent talk, more than half of the respondents said they were using gun systems designed to orient the perforating charges at a target angle. “A year from now, few people will not be doing oriented perforating; the advantages of it are clear,” Cramer said. He has been promoting the idea within the company for years with mixed acceptance.

Enhancing Board Monitoring Tasks: The Effect of Minority-Elected Directors

In companies with a controlling shareholder the agency relationship between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders poses significant issue. Managers may pursue, rather than the interests of the company as a whole, the interest of the controlling shareholder. When there is a controlling shareholder, independent directors may not prove sufficient to monitor the management behaviour, given that they are ultimately appointed by the same controlling shareholder whose possible opportunistic behaviour they are meant to constrain. Therefore, minority shareholders may be given appointment rights to the board: directors elected by minority shareholders may work as a corporate governance mechanism that fosters the board’s willingness and ability to monitor managers’ behaviour, on the assumption that managers are appointed by the controlling shareholder. This paper examines empirically whether having a minority-elected director on corporate boards increases the ability of the board to monitor management behaviour. Using a sample of the largest listed Italian companies in years 2008-2017, we find that minority-elected directors have a positive and statistically significant effect on board monitoring tasks. We also document that this effect is higher when they are elected by institutional investors. Our results have important implications for policy makers and, more generally, corporate governance best practice in all contexts in which companies have a concentrated ownership structure.

The analysis of transparency of listed companies in years 2013-2018

The analysis of transparency of listed companies in years 2013-2018

Teaching the Young Director to Cast Inclusively: Best Practices

Teaching the Young Director to Cast Inclusively:Best Practices Jaclynn Jutting (bio) Casting is difficult. In my career as a professional director, I confess that I do not share the exhilaration and expressed enthusiasm that most people profess for auditions. Casting is a process that forces me to consider the audience's reading of bodies—faces, waistlines, hairlines, and wrinkles—inviting a narrative that has always made me uncomfortable. It has also made me vigilant of our ethical responsibility as directors. In February 2019, I sat watching a senior director's mainstage capstone performance of Friedrich Durrenmatt's The Visit. The director had assisted me twice, both at the private liberal arts university where I taught and also at a professional regional theatre. As the entire cast lined up for the final funeral procession to say goodbye to Ill's departing coffin, I took in the considerable artistic achievement of this director's work. In the footlight's yellow glow, illuminating the white smeared faces of German expressionism, I realized that all twenty-five faces onstage were white. None were students of color. I looked around me. The audience reflected the diversity of our campus, but the cast onstage did not. By the time the house lights came up I knew that while my student director had succeeded artistically in many ways, I had failed. In the weeks following this performance I considered how, as the head of a Directing BFA program and junior member of a department, to address implicit bias in our young directors and theatre programs—particularly those that are less diverse. I offer you the lessons learned, both my failures and success, as I piloted a new approach to build inclusion into teaching pedagogy to actively teach the #MeToo generation to cast plays that reflect the audience that we are. From 2014 to 2019 I was an assistant professor and director of a Directing, BFA program at Belmont University, a private, Christian liberal arts university in Nashville, Tennessee. According to its website, the university teaches 8,400 students from thirty-six countries. The student body is largely white (78.8 percent) and female (63 percent), with African American (5 percent), Latinx (4.4 percent), and Asian (3 percent) populations (Adams and Coudiet). The theatre department was less diverse. During our 2015–16 season, we had three students of color (4 percent) out of approximately seventy-five majors. The faculty was evenly split in gender, but overwhelmingly white. Only one of our nine full-time faculty and staff was a person of color. With adjunct faculty included, only two of twenty-two staff and faculty were people of color (9 percent). As a white, antiracist teaching artist committed to diversity, for my second-year mainstage production I proposed directing Lynn Nottage's Las Meninas. The production offered thirteen roles, two for African American actors. To my knowledge, Las Meninas was only the second play produced by a playwright of color in the theatre department's history; the choice reflected my colleagues' commitment to increased diversity, which echoed my own. We were of the opinion that if you build it, they will come. It worked. Three years later, in the fall of 2018, our department had grown significantly. We had 109 majors, with nine students of color (8 percent) in the department, representing the African American (5.5 percent), Latinx (2 percent), and Asian (1 percent) communities (Gatrell). I had been teaching and advocating for equitable representation onstage and highlighting implicit bias in directing classes for years. Addressing and identifying industry "best practices" had begun in the directing curriculum in the fall of 2017. That summer, while visiting friends in my [End Page 187] artistic hometown of Chicago, the topic shifted to the Chicago Theatre Standards. My directing colleagues filled me in on the standards, drafted and piloted by twenty participating theatres that year (#NotInOurHouse). I was already familiar with the Not In Our House theatre movement, as its founder, Lori Myers, and I had been in the same theatre company for years. But the resulting standards, created from the movement, was news to me. When I later reviewed them I was satisfied to see recommended guidelines for...

The Impact of Tax, Exchange Rate, Tunneling Incentive and Firm Size on Transfer Pricing (Empirical Study of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for Years2014-2018)


 
 
 Abstract: In the era of globalization, companies are developing into multinational companies that establish branches or subsidiaries in various countries. This globalization has given an impact to increase international transaction. These transactions could lead to transactions with related parties that shows an indication of transfer pricing. Along with the development of globalization, factors affecting transfer pricing are not only derived from taxes, but also from other factors. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of tax, exchange rate, tunneling incentive, and firm size on transfer pricing. This research used secondary data in the form of annual reports published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Population of this research was manufacturing companies for years 2014-2018 and by purposive sampling method, a sample of 19 manufacturing companies was obtained. Analysis technique used on this research was a multiple linear regression using SPSS 23 application. The result shows that tax, tunneling incentive, firm size have significant effect on transfer pricing, while exchange rate does not take any effect on transfer pricing. Adjusted R2 determination coefficient of 32,8% shows transfer pricing is affected by tax, exchange rate, tunneling incentive, and firm size, while remaining 67,2% is affected by other variables outside research model.
 Keywords: Transfer Pricing; Tax; Exchange Rate; Tunneling Incentive; Firm Size.
 
 

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China

We take Chinese A-share listed companies in years 2010–2015 as a sample to examine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) information disclosure and stock price crash risk using the fixed effect model. The results show that: (1) There is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between CSR information disclosure and stock price crash risk. That is, as the CSR information disclosure level increases, the CSR information disclosure first aggravates and then reduces the stock price crash risk; (2) under different disclosure motives, there is a significant difference in the impact of CSR information disclosure on stock price crash risk. There is still an inverted U-shaped relationship between mandatory CSR information disclosure and stock price crash risk, but not for the semi-mandatory and voluntary disclosure; (3) the academic independent director has a positive adjustment effect on the relationship between CSR information disclosure and stock price crash risk, while the institutional investor has a negative adjustment effect on the relationship between CSR information disclosure and stock price crash risk. The research is of great significance for promoting the fulfillment of CSR, improving corporate governance and stabilizing the capital market.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEKERJA TAMBANG GALIAN C DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENGUPAHAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA DI WILAYAH PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

Legal protection for Site C Miners is element that is implied in Article 27 of Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 where it is written that every citizen is equal in the eye of the law and have to obey the law. It also says that every citizen has rights for job and welfare in the name of humanity. The purposes of the research in Site C Mine in West Bandung Regency, Cianjur, Bogor Regency, West Java, are only to find out about Law Protection of Waging System and Welfare and whether the company of the Site C Mine follows the rule of minimum wage that is regulated in West Java region. The results of the research are for the miners of Site C Mine in 3 (three) regencies of West Java, the company already follows the rules and the Labor Law. However, according to research, there are workers who already work for 1 (one) year and get 12 (twelve) days of annual leave without cutting the wage. This thing is only applied to permanent workers, but not to outsource workers even though they already work for the company for years, and still be given welfare every year.

Is the Social Responsibility Information Disclosed by the Companies really Valuable?—Evidence from Chinese Stock Price Synchronicity

Social responsibility information disclosed by listed companies is an important way to transfer non-financial information to the stock market, which affects the level of stock price synchronicity. In order to explore whether Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) information is valuable in improving capital market pricing efficiency, this paper conducted empirical research based on a sample of China Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies in years 2010–2015. The results showed that: (1) Overall, there is a significant positive correlation between CSR information and stock price synchronicity; (2) under different disclosure motives, there is no significant difference in the impact of CSR on stock price synchronicity; (3) Securities analysts and institutional investors can negatively regulate the positive relationship between CSR and stock price synchronicity, while the media will intensify the positive effect of CSR on stock price synchronicity. This research is of great significance in promoting the fulfillment of CSR and improving capital market pricing efficiency.

Finding a mentor

One of the hardest things to do is to ask for help. Everyone wants to be strong and independent. But true independence is knowing when you don’t know something and when to reach out to others to get what you need. Who can be a mentor? Anyone can be a mentor. A more senior graduate student who teaches you how to troubleshoot an instrument, a senior staff member who has been with the company for years and can tell you how things really get done, or even a younger colleague who knows more than you do about a particular technology can all be mentors. What is a mentor? A mentor is a trusted adviser—anyone you can count on to provide honest, accurate information and insights about your professional life. Ideally, a mentor won’t just tell you the answer (or what to do) but will help you understand the situation so

USAGE OF DATA MINING FOR EVALUATION OF BORSA İSTANBUL REGISTERED COMPANIES FINANCIAL STRUCTURE

Objective- Financial analysis are mostly done for evaluation of companies’ financing and investment needs with traditional analysis methods such as vertical analysis, horizontal analysis and ratio analysis. Although these traditional methods support the analyst for single company evaluation, they are inefficient while questioning many companies. Therefore, decision makers face time-consuming problem when they evaluate hundreds of companies, which are necessary for profit maximization, cash flow maximization and risk mitigation etc. It is aimed to define a new tool for financial analysis in this study. Methodology- BIST Manufacturing Sector registered 190 companies for year 2015 and 173 companies for year 2016 are analyzed. Some liquidity ratios, fiscal ratios, operational ratios and profitability ratios are calculated and outlier companies are decided. Data Mining is the one of the most important data processing tool. It can be used for clustering the data, classification the data and defining variables that have similar behaviors. It is tried to define a new financial analysis technique with combination of ratio analysis and data mining. In this study, outlier detection and some clustering algorithms are applied on BIST Manufacturing Sector registered companies. Findings- BIST Manufacturing Sector registered 121 of 190 companies for year 2015 and 127 of 173 companies for year 2016 are decided as outlier companies. These outlier companies might be evaluated for sectorel researches or fraud detection etc. Companies are divided two clusters with and without outlier companies for year 2015. In addition, companies are divided four clusters with outlier companies and two clusters without outlier companies for year 2016. Differences between the number of clusters and cluster characteristics are related to economical conditions. Conclusion- In conclusion, Data Mining Techniques can be used as financial analysis method, especially when we need to analyze many companies’ financial situation at the same time. It is considered that sector characteristics, global and local developments would indicate meaningful correlations with outlier companies. Besides that, it is determined that universal thresholds values for financial ratios (e.g. current ratio 2) are different for our country. These values are calculated for our country and evaluated with sectorel, global and local factors.

Corporate Marketing Strategy Using Social Media: A Case Study of the Ritz-Carlton Seoul

With the increasing trend of popularity of websites and social networking sites, it is quite evident that companies need to take cautionary measures in protecting the reputations with respect to company and brands. In this process, every company should indulge in enhancing their company and brand image through websites and social networking sites that fortify the bonding nature among them. The always-on nature of websites and social networking sites has contributed to their phenomenal marketing power and altered the balance of power between consumers and firms. Websites and social networks are used by hundreds of millions of people to communicate about a huge range of topics, including personal interests, activities, social events and even public issues. The paper explores a case study of the Ritz-Carlton hotel for their marketing strategy and organizational use of their website and social media in communicating with their customers. Even for the normal luxury traveler who would not have previously used the Internet to research a hotel or make a reservation, ritzcarlton.com is making it possible for them to do so in a sense of the luxury and typical Ritz-Carlton style. It seems to be a staple of the company for years to come.

Female Directors on Corporate Boards: Does Female Leadership Drive Corporate Environmental Transparency?

This paper examines the role of female directors on corporate boardroom on the extent of corporate environmental disclosure (CED) of 260 Malaysian listed companies in year 2013. Resource dependence theory is utilized as the theoretical framework to explain the role of female directors on corporate boards. Content analysis is employed to gauge the extent of CED based on a self-constructed index that is derived from Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) and prior studies. Multiple regression is conducted and findings revealed that female directors– presence and female holding multiple directorships to be significant predictors of extent of CED. The findings lend support to the resource dependence theory on the contribution of board gender diversity and are useful for both policy makers and regulators.

Assessment of level of quality of property insurance within the scope of protection against ecological risks in Poland with the use of the Servqual method. Research results

The article addresses the issue of ecological insurance. Its aim is the assessment of the level of the quality of property insurance services within the scope of protection against ecological risks by individual clients in Poland (from the Podkarpackie, Świętokrzyskie and Małopolskie voivodeships). The SERVQUAL method was used to measure the quality of services provided by insurance companies. The analyses showed that ecological insurance is practically non-existent on the Polish market even though protection against ecological risks is offered by 25 insurance companies (78.1%). The survey research was carried out among 450 respondents – clients of insurance companies in years 2015, 2016 and 2017. The results indicate the reluctance of individual clients to conclude insurance contracts. The SERVQUAL indicators are at the level below the proposed critical point of .00, which indicates the lack of the so-called quality optimum.

RELEVANCIA DE LOS INVERSIONISTAS INSTITUCIONALES EN EL MERCADO ACCIONARIO COLOMBIANO

El objetivo en este artículo es estudiar e identificar la relevancia de los inversioni­stas institucionales en el mercado de acciones colombiano, usando, para ello, la metodología de las redes, la teoría de los grafos y las matrices de propiedad con información de 108 empresas en el año 2012. Los resultados evidencian un alto grado de concentración de los inversionistas en el mercado accionario; en particular, los fondos de pensiones juegan un papel predominante en el mercado de valores colom­biano. Lo anterior es especialmente relevante para un mercado accionario pequeño y poco líquido como el de Colombia, en el cual los inversionistas institucionales juegan como proveedores de liquidez o como instituciones de impacto sistémico, durante períodos de estrés financiero.

Tax aggressiveness: The evidence from Polish listed companies

The purpose of the article is analyzing the impact of taxation on the effective income tax rates paid by Polish companies. The authors present the results of a study made on the biggest firms, listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and included in the WIG20 index. In the research they bring closer the concept of tax aggressiveness – by looking at the effective tax rates (ETRs) achieved by WIG20 companies in years 2010-2014. The study is structured into 5 groups, according to the industry in which the analyzed companies operate. The results prove the sectoral differences in the level of ETRs. While the financial enterprises pay relatively high taxes in relation to the achieved gross profit, the energy sector has a negligible rate of effective taxation. At the same time companies operating in fuel and raw materials industry achieve highly unstable effective tax rates.

Integrated model of assisted parking system and performance evaluation with entropy weight extended analytic hierarchy process and two-tuple linguistic information

Evaluating comprehensive performance of assisted parking system has been a very important issue for car companies for years, because the overall performance of assisted parking system directly influences car intellectualization and customers’ degree of satisfaction. Therefore, this article proposes two-tuple linguistic analytic hierarchy process to evaluate assisted parking system so as to avoid information loss during the processes of evaluation integration. The performance evaluation attributes for assisted parking system are established initially. Subsequently, the information entropy theory is proposed to improve the evaluation attribute weight determined by analytic hierarchy process for the influencing factors of the randomness in parking test process. Furthermore, the evaluation attribute measure values of comprehensive performance are calculated and the assisted parking system evaluation results are obtained with ordered weighted averaging operator. Finally, numerical examples of vehicle types equipped with eight different assisted parking systems and computational results are presented.

Fuzzy ANP-based PROMETHEE II approach for evaluation of machine tool alternatives

Machine tool selection process has been a critical issue for companies for years, since improper selection of a machine tool might cause many problems, affecting negatively the productivity, precision, flexibility and company’s responsive manufacturing capabilities. On the other hand, selecting the best machine tool from its increasing number of existing alternatives in the market is a multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in the presence of many quantitative and qualitative attributes. Therefore, most companies have utilized various methods to successfully carry out this difficult and time-consuming process. In this paper, both of the most used MCDM methods; the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and PROMETHEE II (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enriching Evaluations) with fuzzy logic (F-ANP and F-PROMETHEE II) are integrated to present a performance analysis on machine tool selection problem. The F-ANP method is used to determine the relative weights of a set of multiple quantitative and qualitative criteria, as the F-PROMETHEE II method is utilized to rank competing alternatives in terms of a set of evaluation criteria in order to reach to the final solution. In addition, a case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach for potential practitioners and readers.

Biosimilars

The development of biosimilars should have a big impact on patients, insurers, and pharmaceutical companies for years to come. Image courtesy of Shutterstock/Sasa Komlen.