Compact Asymmetric Coplanar Strip Research Articles

Compact Slit-Loaded ACS-Fed Monopole Antenna for Bluetooth and UWB Systems With WLAN Band-Stop Capability

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna is presented, which operates within the Bluetooth and UWB frequency bands with the capability to simultaneously reject the lower WLAN interfering band. The antenna consists of an inverted right triangle patch monopole loaded by open-ended L-shaped slits not only to produce the additional 2.4 GHz passband to the UWB design but also to achieve stopband characteristics around 5.2 GHz. The conceptual equivalent circuit model as well as characteristic mode analyses are carried out in the design evolution process. The proposed antenna has an overall size of only 20 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, having the smallest area among the so far developed designs, which can be easily integrated within any wireless gadgets. A prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the design, demonstrating the predicted behavior fairly achieved by full-wave analysis. The antenna −10 dB operating bandwidth ranges from 2.38 to 2.42 GHz and from 3.35 to 11 GHz while rejecting from 4.69 to 5.2 GHz. Unlike the unwanted stopband, where the radiation characteristics are adequately deteriorated, the proposed antenna fairly provides stable omni-directional radiation patterns in the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -plane, and has an average efficiency (gain) of 87.3% (2.6 dBi) in the desired passband. As far as the antenna transient behavior is concerned, an adequate measured (simulated) system fidelity factor of 0.7 (0.68) is achieved for the transmission of impulse-type UWB signals in the face-to-face configuration.

Invasive and Noninvasive Measurement of Complex Permittivity Using ACS-Fed Stepped Impedance Sensor

Compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) fed stepped impedance sensors for complex permittivity measurement of liquids are presented in this article. The step impedance discontinuities in the feed line improve the sensitivity and compactness of the sensor. Two sensors operating at 5.6 GHz with different impedance discontinuities are designed on a low-cost substrate with an overall size of 11 × 10 × 1.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Invasive and non-invasive sensing techniques are simulated using 3D electromagnetic simulation software and experimentally validated using the fabricated prototype. The change in reflection characteristics of the sensor with varying dielectric constant and loss tangent are analyzed for the extraction of complex permittivity. The proposed sensors’ extracted permittivity values strongly agree with the Keysight dielectric probe measurement. Invasive sensing is carried out by submerging the sensor in liquid samples, whereas non-invasive sensing is carried out by holding the sensor at a varying distance from the samples. The sensor’s single port and compact topology necessitate a minimal volume of liquid samples for measurements. According to the results of the experiments, the ACS-fed stepped impedance resonator (SIR) sensor has a maximum sensitivity of 6.6 % for invasive sensing and 4.6 % for non-invasive sensing. In contrast, the ACS fed extended stub SIR sensor shows a maximum sensitivity of 10.3 % and 6.2 % for invasive and non-invasive sensing approaches, respectively. The sensor measures permittivity values ranging from 2 to 78.

Compact ACS-fed monopole antenna with CRR defect for triple band application

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed monopole antenna for the triple-band operation is discussed. The introduction of the defected structure along with asymmetric coplanar strip feeding is an effective way of reducing the antenna size. The rectangular complimentary ring resonator is in the ground plane and another inverted T shaped slot at the radiating strip etched for achieving triple-band operation and interference suppression. The proposed antenna is 25 × 12 mm2 and has been fabricated and tested. The measured results reveal that the proposed antenna has impedance bandwidths of 340 MHz (2.36–2.70 MHz), 390 MHz (3.35–3.74 GHz) and 1110 MHz (5.01–6.12 GHz), which is required for 2.4/3.5/5.2 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications.

Asymmetric Coplanar Strip-Fed with Hilbert Curve Fractal Antenna for Multiband Operations

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed with Hilbert Curve Fractal Antenna (HCFA) is proposed for GSM (1.8 GHz), WiMAX (3.3 GHz) and WLAN (5.5 GHz) applications. The proposed antenna occupies a compact size of 18 × 16.5 × 1.6 mm3 involving ACS feed line with HCFA and ground plane. A low cost FR-4 epoxy is used as a substrate material having a dielectric constant of $$\left( {\upvarepsilon_{\text{r}} } \right)$$ 4.4. HCFA consists of line sectors governed in a predictable fractal order, thus it is capable of constructing multiband and shrinkage of antenna size. MATLAB program is utilized to confirm the number of fractal order. By incorporating a suitable fractal order of HCFA, it is efficient to cover a lower resonance frequency of 1.8 GHz for attaining 90% of compactness. Experimental and simulated data are examined. The proposed antenna yields a dipole pattern in the xz plane (elevation plane) and omnidirectional pattern in the yz plane (azimuthal plane).

Design and Investigation of a Miniaturized Single-Layer ACS-Fed Dual Band Antenna for LTE and 5G Applications

Presently, a single compact antenna is expected to operate in multiple frequency bands, so that it may be used for multiple applications. In this regard, a compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) fed monopole antenna was designed to operate in LTE band-40 and 5G mid band frequencies. To achieve the desired dual band frequency, meander line radiating structure was used. The uniplanar design with the ACS feed considerably reduced the antenna size to 19.25 × 10.5 × 1.6 mm3. This miniaturized dual band antenna can be easily integrated into circuit boards. The measured and simulated results provided a reflection coefficient (S&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;) &lt; –15 dB, which made the antenna suitable for LTE band-40 and 5G mid-band communication applications.

Wideband Asymmetric Coplanar Strip Fed Antennas With Pattern Diversity for mmWave 5G Base Stations

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed mmWave 5G antenna with 6.5-7.5 dBi end-fire gain is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is wideband, operating from 26–32 GHz with fractional bandwidth of 20.7%. The proposed single element antenna has dimensions of $6 \times 10$ mm2 demonstrating small physical and electrical footprint. The antenna achieves 1-dB gain bandwidth of 20.7% which demonstrates pattern integrity over whole operating band. The reported antenna also achieves reasonable gain for the available aperture. In order to achieve pattern diversity, a shared ground compact two-port antenna topology is next presented for beam switching at ±30°. In addition to this, a quasi-stacked beam switching module integrated with low cost 3D-printed scaffolding with wide angular coverage is proposed with adequate technical justification.

A compact meta-atom loaded asymmetric coplanar strip-fed monopole antenna for multiband operation

In this paper, a compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a tapered shaped radiating element and a meta-atom (complementary split ring resonator-CSRR), loaded in the ground plane which helps in obtaining multiband characteristics with proper impedance matching performance. Antenna with dimensions of 25 × 12.2 × 1.6 mm3 has been designed, fabricated and tested. The experimental result that exhibits of −10 dB impedance bandwidth by the proposed antenna at the center frequency of 2.88 GHz (1100 MHz), 5.78 GHz (1940 MHz) and 7.64 GHz (660 MHz). It covers wireless applications namely wireless local area network (WLAN) 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz, long-term evolution (LTE) LTE 2.5 GHz, public safety applications 4.9 GHz, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) 5.5 GHz, wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE) 5.9 GHz and X-band downlink frequency band 7.5 GHz. The antenna has good radiation characteristics in both E-plane and H-plane for all the operating frequencies. The proposed antenna exhibits a better performance compared to the previously reported designs to the existing antenna designs which are discussed in the literature. Moreover, the antenna possesses compact size, the total size occupied by the design is 0.20λ0 × 0.1λ0.

Compact ACS‐fed CRLH MIMO antenna for wireless applications

This study introduces a compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed composite right-left-handed (CRLH) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for multiband operation. The ACS fed MIMO antenna is composed of two elements; each is operating at 5, 5.8 and 6.3 GHz; for different wireless applications. The overall MIMO antenna size is compact (46 × 26 mm 2 ). A unit cell of the CRLH connected to 50 Ω ACS fed is considered the main block of the antenna. The edge-to-edge separation between antenna elements equals 0.4 λ 0 at 5 GHz. The insertion loss, correlation coefficient, diversity gain and channel capacity are used to evaluate the performance of the ACS-fed MIMO antenna. The isolation higher than 25 dB and envelope correlation lower than 0.05 have been achieved without using any extra decoupling structures. The experimental results are reasonably well agreed with simulated ones.

A compact uniplanar ACS fed multi band low cost printed antenna for modern 2.4/3.5/5 GHz applications

A uniplanar compact triple operating band asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) fed printed antenna loaded with multiple L-shaped branches and the asymmetric rectangular ground plane has been proposed and developed for multiple wideband wireless system applications. The proposed antenna structure has been simulated and printed (single layer) on a 14 mm × 20.5 mm × 1.6 mm size low-cost substrate FR4. In the design, modified L-shaped strips have been chosen to achieve compactness and also used to generate three wideband independent resonant modes that correspond to several communication standards such as WiBro/LTE/Bluetooth/ISM/WLAN/US public safety and WiMAX applications. The proposed ACS fed antenna geometry has been simulated using CST MWS and tested its results experimentally by using Keysight N5222A Microwave Network Analyzer. A detailed analysis of antenna evolution stages and parametric study has been given to show the tuning property of each operating band. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed ACS fed antenna is having −10 dB (reflection coefficient) impedance bandwidth of 200 MHz from 2.3 to 2.5 GHz, 200 MHz from 3.4 to 3.6 and 2.6 GHz from 4.25 to 6.85 GHz. Further, it is tested experimentally for its radiation patterns (co and cross) which indicate the omnidirectional and bidirectional nature in H and E planes respectively.

Tri-band compact ACS-fed meander-line antenna for wireless communications

In this paper, a compact tri-band asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed meander-line antenna for wireless communications is proposed. Two inverted-L-shaped resonators are added to a simple meandered radiator for standard tri-band operation. Parametric studies indicate that operating frequencies of the proposed antenna are determined by the dimensions of the two inverted-L-shaped resonators. The measured results show that the proposed antenna can achieve three frequency bands; i.e. 1.48–1.63, 2.25–2.48, and 4.22–6.0 GHz. These bands can successfully cover the global positioning system L1, wireless local area network (WLAN), and HIPERLAN/2 operation bands, respectively. The proposed antenna exhibits good radiation patterns with reasonable gain and high radiation efficiency across the operating bands. In addition, the proposed antenna has compact size and simple feeding scheme, which make it suitable to be integrated within the portable device for wireless communications.

Design of a compact mimo antenna with asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed for UWB applications

ABSTRACTThis article presents a new compact asymmetric coplanar strip ‐fed UWB MIMO antenna. The UWB MIMO antenna consists of two identical elements which have quarter elliptical ring radiating element with asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed. By designing the antenna using asymmetric coplanar strip‐fed, the antenna size can be reduced (its size is only 6 × 2.6 cm2). The distance between the two antenna elements equals 0.37 λ0‐The single antenna element is operated at frequencies from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz with reflection coefficient lower than −10 dB. In addition, the designed antenna elements have less than 15 dB coupling isolation between the two input ports. The diversity performance between two antenna elements such as envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain are investigated and they are within their allowed limits. This analysis confirms that the designed antenna is suitable for portable UWB MIMO applications. The proposed antenna is designed; simulated and measured. There is a good agreement between the simulated and measured results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:31–36, 2017

An asymmetric coplanar strip-fed 7-shaped monopole antenna for miniaturized communication systems

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna for miniaturized communication systems is proposed. It consists of an ACS-fed 7-shaped monopole, a partial ground plane, and an FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna occupies a very compact size of only 30 × 13 mm2 which accords with the development trend toward miniaturized electronic components. The 7-shaped monopole can be considered as a combination of three parts—a rectangular strip on the top, a trapezoidal strip in the center, and a straight microstrip feed line at the bottom—which generates two separate resonant frequency bands. By introducing an open-ended T-shaped slot in the rectangular strip, a new resonant mode can be excited. Detailed descriptions of the design evolution as well as the parametric study are given to better understand the mechanisms of the proposed antenna. Experimental results demonstrate that it can provide a triple-band frequency range compatible with the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN (2.4–2.485, 5.15–5.35, and 5.725–5.825 GHz) and 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX (3.4–3.7 and 5.25–5.85 GHz) operating bands. Furthermore, stable radiation patterns with satisfactory gains make it a good candidate as an internal antenna for compact multiband communication systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1566–1572, 2016

Compact ACS-Fed Printed Antenna Using Dual Edge Resonators for Tri-Band Operation

A novel compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed printed antenna using dual edge resonators for tri-band operation is presented. The proposed tri-band antenna is based on an ACS-fed beveled monopole, to which an E-shaped coupled resonator and an L-shaped slot resonator are introduced for achieving two new independent resonances and miniaturization of size. The antenna has a small overall dimensions of only 12 × 23 × 1 mm 3 . The experimental results demonstrate the proposed antenna is capable of operating over the frequency ranges 2.37-2.52, 3.38-3.71, and 4.92-5.96 GHz, suitable for 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN and 3.5/5.5-GHz WiMAX applications.

A COMPACT ACS-FED MIRRORED L-SHAPED MONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH SRR LOADED FOR MULTIBAND OPERATION

In this paper, a compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed mirrored L-shaped monopole antenna is presented. The proposed design consists of three mirrored L-shaped branches and a split ring resonator (SRR) loaded beneath the substrate, which are responsible for achieving multiband characteristics, compactness and good impedance matching. The proposed antenna with a compact dimension of 22 × 16.08 × 1. 6m m 3 is fabricated and tested. The experiment result indicates that the proposed design, having −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 200, 670 and 530 MHz for 2.44, 5.3 and 8.2 GHz, respectively, covers 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN, 5.5 GHz WiMAX and 8.2 GHz ITU band. It has good radiation characteristics for both E-plane and H-plane in all the desired frequency bands and produces good performances compared to the existing antenna designs in the literature. The loaded SRR structure performance is validated through negative permeability extraction and various parametric studies.

A small ACS-fed tri-band antenna employing C and L shaped radiating branches for LTE/WLAN/WiMAX/ITU wireless communication applications

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna with tri-band operation for LTE 2500, 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN, 2.5 GHz WiMAX, 8 GHz ITU applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna design, which occupies an overall size of 14 ? 26 mm2 including ground plane, is composed of an ACS feedline with rectangular stub, C-shaped and L-shaped branches. The C-shaped radiating element is used to generate 2.5 GHz first resonant mode, L-shaped branch is used to generate second resonant mode at 5.2 GHz and ACS with rectangular shaped stub is aimed to generate a third resonance at higher frequency bands between 7.0 and 8.8 GHz.The measured impedance bandwidths (|S11| ≤ ?10 dB) are about 285 MHz (2.4---2.685 GHz), 380 MHz (5.0---5.38 GHz) and 3.5 GHz (6.5---10.0 GHz) for the three operating band, respectively. The experimental result shows a reasonable good agreement with the simulated results.

Compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed Sinc shaped monopole antenna for multiband applications

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed Sinc shaped monopole antenna suitable for multifrequency operations is proposed for portable wireless devices. The proposed Sinc shaped monopole antenna with truncated half ground plane operates at three frequency bands, 2110–2380, 4180–4600, and 5200–5678 MHz, showing fractional impedance bandwidths of 12, 9, and 8.8%, respectively, suitable for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Long Term Evolution handheld devices, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Wireless Local Area Network, Hyperlan-2, and aeronautical navigation applications. Proposed antenna shows a dual mode of polarization. Finally a prototype model is developed for a typical configuration and the simulated results are validated experimentally.

A compact ACS-fed dual-band monopole antenna for LTE, WLAN/WiMAX and public safety applications

In this paper, a compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed printed monopole antenna for dual frequency operation is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of an ACS-fed monopole structure and two semi circle shaped radiating branches, which occupies a very small size of 13.4 ? 22.7 mm2 including the ground plane. By properly selecting the length and position of these branches, two desired operating bands can be achieved and tuned independently. The simulated and measured return loss results shows that the proposed antenna can be used for long term evolution 2500 (2500---2690 MHz), WLAN 5.2 GHz (5.15---5.35 GHz)/5.8 GHz (5.725---5.825 GHz), WiMAX 5.5 GHz (5.28---5.85 GHz) and 4.9 GHz (4.94---4.99 GHz) public safety applications. The omnidirectional and bidirectional radiation pattern characteristics in H-plane and E-plane of the proposed antenna along with acceptable peak gain make the best suitable candidate for the above intended applications.

Compact ACS-fed antenna with DGS and DMS for WiMAX/WLAN applications

A novel compact asymmetric coplanar strip fed planar antenna with defected ground structure and defected microstrip structure for dual band application is presented. The proposed antenna is composed of defect in both ground plane and radiating strip. The antenna has an overall dimension of 21 × 15.35 × 1.6 mm3when printed on a substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. The antenna resonating at two different frequencies of 3.5 and 5.5 GHz is coveringworldwide interoperability microwave access and wireless local area network bands. The planar design, simple feeding technique, and compactness make it easy for the integration of the antenna into the circuit board. Details of the antenna design, simulated, and experimental results are presented and discussed. Simulation tool, based on the method of moments (Mentor Graphics IE3D version 15.10) has been used to analyze and optimize the antenna.

DESIGN &amp; ANALYSIS OF MINIATURIZED ASYMMETRIC COPLANAR STRIP FED ANTENNA FOR MULTI-BAND WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS

A novel, compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed multi-band antenna for Bluetooth/WLAN/WiMAX applications is proposed and discussed in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of a simple monopole structure with a mirror-L shaped branch and two rectangular radiating strips. It has a very small size of 13.75 × 26 mm 2 including the ground plane. The mirror-L shaped branch excites a resonant mode at 2.5 GHz, and on the other side, ACS-fed monopole structure with two rectangular strips (one horizontal and one vertical) excite the resonant modes at 3.3 GHz and 5.75 GHz respectively. By properly selecting the lengths and positions of these radiating branches, multiband operation with wider impedance bandwidth can be achieved. The measured and simulated results show that the antenna has impedance bandwidth of 200 MHz (2.40-2.60 GHz), and 2800 MHz (3.2-6.0 GHz), and it can cover the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth, 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The resonances achieved with this technique can be tuned independently, and the equations governing the resonances are given and confirmed by parametric studies. The proposed technique is further validated by designing another antenna working at 1.8/1.9 GHz PCS, 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX, 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands.

Asymmetric coplanar inverted L-strip-fed monopole antenna with modified ground for dual band application

A compact asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS)-fed monopole antenna for dual-band application is presented. The single-layer antenna composed of inverted L-shaped exciting strip and an L-shaped lateral ground plane. The antenna resonating at two different frequencies, 2.4 and 5.8 GHz is covering the wireless local area network/radio frequency identification bands. The antenna has an overall dimension of 35 × 5.7 mm2when printed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. The planar design, simple feeding, and compactness make it easy for the integration of the antenna into circuit boards. Details of the antenna design, and simulated and experimental results are presented and discussed. The experimental result shows good conformity with simulated results. The simulation tool based on the method of moments (Mentor Graphics IE3D version 15.10) has been used to analyze and optimize the antenna.