Community Attitudes Research Articles

Association of vaccine intention against COVID-19 using the 5C Scale and its constructs: a Pima County, Arizona cross-sectional survey.

Vaccine hesitancy has been ranked as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization. The 5C model (Confidence, Calculation of risk, Complacency, Collective Responsibility, and Constraints) and an accompanying tool to measure vaccine hesitancy, summarize several significant explanatory variables, and move beyond the most common explanatory variable, Confidence. From January to May 2021, we administered a cross-sectional survey among adults in Pima County, Arizona in collaboration with the local health department to assess psychological antecedents to (i.e., psychological factors that lead to) COVID-19 vaccination using the 5C Scale. Participants were recruited virtually for the survey using multiple recruitment methods. Unadjusted and adjusted hierarchical ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to determine if the 5C variables had an association with intention to vaccinate (or intent to vaccinate) against COVID-19. Of the 1,823 participants who responded to the survey, 924 (76%) were included in the final analyses. Respondents were White (71%), non-Hispanic (59%), Female (68%), Liberal (37%) and Married (46%). The average age of the participants was 43.9 (±1.3) years. Based on the 5C Scale, Confidence (adjOR:3.64, CI [3.08-4.29]), Collective Responsibility (adjOR:1.94, CI [1.57-2.39]) and Complacency (adjOR:0.64, CI [0.51-0.80]) were significantly associated with intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Three of the five 5C variables were associated with the intention to vaccinate, two positively and one negatively. A limitation of the study was that the sample was not weighted to be representative of Pima County. Future research should focus on determining which interventions can bolster Confidence and Collective Responsibility attitudes in communities, while dampening Complacency, to better promote vaccine uptake.

Evaluation of Achievement of Health Nutrition Program Indicators Mother and Child Towards the Healthy Family Index in Kalibobo District, Nabire District

Maternal and child health issues are still a serious concern for the government today. The high maternal, infant and toddler mortality rates make KIA a top priority in the Ministry's program.Health problems at the Kalibobo Health Center are still the center of attention where in 2023 there were 2 child deaths including nutritional problems. Objective: To analyze the achievement of indicators of the nutritional health program, mothers and children against the healthy family index in Kalibobo Village, Nabire Regency. Method: Observational research is descriptive. Using the Community Diagnosis (Needs Assessment) method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size120 familiesusing cluster random sampling method. The interview results were collected and data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing were carried out. Results: ANC examination 74% (national target 95%), complete basic immunization 89% (national target 90%), infants aged 0-6 months who received exclusive breastfeeding 67% (national target 60%) and toddlers whose growth was monitored 75% (national target 85%). Conclusion: Based on the 4 indicators evaluated, there are 2 indicators that can be said to be successful, namely the achievement of toddlers who received complete basic immunization and infants aged 0-6 months who received exclusive breastfeeding. Suggestion: to establish cross-sector cooperation in the community so that community knowledge, attitudes, and behavior can be better in utilizing existing health services, especially maternal and child health services.

Canvas of Culture: Public Art’s Role in Reinvigorating Pekan Parit

Public art is instrumental in enhancing tourism in Pekan Parit, Perak, by enriching the area cultural landscape. This study explores the multifaceted influence of public art on community perceptions, emotional responses, and its potential to attract tourists. We employed a mixed-methods design to collect data from 103 respondents through surveys, evaluating community attitudes towards public art and its role in fostering a cohesive community and boosting tourism. Key findings reveal that public art not only enhances Pekan Parit’s aesthetic appeal but also significantly influences both residents and visitors. However, community engagement is closely linked to the effectiveness of public art in attracting tourists, so artistic initiatives must resonate with both locals and tourists. This underscores the critical role of public art in reflecting and preserving the town's cultural identity while involving the community in the planning and execution of these projects. The research concludes that public art can be a powerful catalyst for sustainable tourism growth, facilitating deeper connections to the area’s cultural heritage and enhancing the overall visitor experience. These insights are essential for policymakers, urban planners, and cultural practitioners seeking to leverage public art as a strategic tool for revitalising tourism in Pekan Parit, Perak.

Developing and validating a knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire regarding dengue among secondary schoolchildren in Malaysia

IntroductionDengue is a viral disease borne by mosquitoes that infects humans that is a significant public health concern and socio-economic burden globally, especially in countries in the tropics and subtropics. Health education and community participation are the most powerful prevention strategies. Assessing local community knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on dengue is essential for targeted interventions, as enhancing KAP helps communities recognize risks, adopt preventive attitudes, and implement effective measures to reduce dengue transmission. This study developed and validated a questionnaire on dengue KAP among secondary schoolchildren. Questionnaires serve as essential tools in research, allowing for standardized measurement of knowledge, attitudes, and practices, which supports accurate data collection and meaningful analysis.MethodsThe development and evaluation process (structure and content) involved consultations with eight experts including public health medicine specialists, medical officers, behavioural insights officer, academician, and entomologist, to ensure the relevance and comprehensiveness of the questionnaires. A QDengue-KAP questionnaire was administered to 30 secondary schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The online questionnaire was self-administered, closed-ended, distributed anonymously, and participation was voluntary.ResultsThe final questionnaire comprised four sections and 50 items after the initial version had undergone a rigorous evaluation to ensure its reliability and validity. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) values exceeded the minimum requirement and indicated that all items met the minimum standards for content validity. Compared to the initial version, the final version of the questionnaire had improved Cronbach alpha values for each dengue KAP domain: knowledge [Cronbach’s alpha: 0.765 (items: 15)], attitude [0.894 (15)], practice Part A [0.735 (15)], and practice Part B [0.876 (5)]. Thus, each statement in the Knowledge (K), Attitude (A), and Practice (P) domains was deemed valid through validity and reliability evaluation, ensuring their relevance and accuracy in assessing dengue-related factors.ConclusionThe validation process demonstrated that each statement in the KAP domains was relevant, accurate, and aligned with the study's objectives, supported by expert validation and representation of the target population. This rigorous approach strengthens the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, making it a valid tool for assessing and improving dengue-related behaviours within the target population.

Community and police officer attitudes towards offenders with mental health conditions

ABSTRACT Offenders with mental health conditions are often viewed as dangerous and unpredictable. However, there is a large amount of inconsistency reported in attitudes towards this group and little work has focused specifically on the attitudes between community members and police officers. Using a between-subjects design, the current study aimed to explore any differences in perceptions of offenders with mental health conditions in community members and police officers, and to examine if this was impacted upon by police officer experience and gender. The sample consisted of 138 community and police officer participants who completed the Police and Community Attitudes towards Offenders with Mental Illness Scale. A significant difference was found between groups in their attitudes of offenders with mental health conditions; community members were found to hold significantly more positive attitudes then police officers. Level of police officer experience and gender did not have a significant impact on attitudes towards offenders with mental health conditions. The results add to the mixed literature base but provides a fresh insight into current attitudes in the UK. This has implications for offenders with mental health conditions given that community members and police officers are pivotal in successful reintegration and criminal justice outcomes.

Do Sustainability Factors Influence Homestay Tourist Satisfaction and Revisit Intention: The Moderating Role of Local Community Attitude

ABSTRACT Sustainability can have a significant influence on tourist satisfaction. Therefore, this research investigates how sustainability dimensions can influence homestay tourist satisfaction. We also examine the moderating impact of local community attitudes on the relationship between tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit. Data were collected from 523 homestay tourist locations in India using a questionnaire-based survey. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using SMART PLS4 was employed to analyze the data. Environmental, social, cultural, and institutional sustainability increases homestay tourist satisfaction and precipitates intention to revisit. However, economic sustainability does not directly influence tourist satisfaction. The moderation impact was identified, where local community attitude moderates the relationship between tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit. Sustainability can increase homestay tourist satisfaction. Therefore, homestay owners should invest in sustainable practices to attract tourists. Generating employment opportunities for local people and supporting local businesses that promote local culture and traditions could lead to tourists’ intention to revisit. Our study provides significant value to the homestay owners by explaining the moderating role of local community attitude because there was speculation but no empirical evidence to support how it can affect the relationship between tourist satisfaction and intention to revisit.

Sexual and reproductive health of Sudanese refugee girls in Chad: mixed methods study with perspectives from 12-19 year old girls, parents, and health workers.

In humanitarian settings, refugee girls' vulnerability to negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes and the barriers they face to access to SRH services increase. Despite global guidelines on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in humanitarian settings, evidence on the diverse knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of refugee adolescents are limited. This mixed methods study used a cross-sectional survey and participatory research activities to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of 12-19 year old refugee girls from Darfur living in two refugee camps in Wadi-Fira, Chad. Focus group discussions with parents of adolescents and in-depth interviews with health workers were conducted to better understand community attitudes toward adolescent SRHR and barriers to accessing services. Overall, SRH knowledge, including of contraceptive methods, was mixed, but older girls had better knowledge than younger girls. Despite stigma around adolescent sexual activity expressed in this community, 20.9% of girls had already had sex. The majority of girls believed that health workers would maintain confidentiality if they sought contraception. Among girls who had ever had sex, 18.0% were currently using a modern contraceptive. None were using a long-acting method, but most obtained their method at the camp health center. Parents and health workers described how social stigma toward premarital sex and unintended pregnancy impeded adolescent access to SRHR information and services, although the midwives described helping girls to seek contraception. Despite community stigma towards premarital sex and contraception for adolescents, some girls in the camps successfully managed to receive a contraceptive method, demonstrating both their interest in and need for contraception. Although midwives were largely supportive of adolescent access, expanding contraceptive service delivery channels and making services more adolescent-responsive would further increase adolescent access. Gender transformative programming engaging girls and boys, should be expanded to improve adolescent knowledge and self-efficacy with respect to SRHR. These efforts must also engage parents and community members to create an enabling environment for adolescent SRHR and reduce stigma.

Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices About Malaria: Insights from a Northwestern Colombian Endemic Locality.

Malaria prevention and control programs are mainly oriented to vector control, timely diagnosis and adequate treatment. Malaria transmission is influenced by several factors, including biological and social aspects. Thus, it is relevant to consider community beliefs and practices to ensure sustainable prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards malaria in an endemic locality in northwestern Colombia. Preliminary data were collected through a focus group discussion. Subsequently, a KAP survey was administered to the community. KAP scores were associated with both sociodemographic characteristics and with previous malaria infection. Focus group data revealed knowledge gaps and the absence of or having worn-out nets. Survey results showed that participants recognized a mosquito bite as the transmission mode (72.09%), followed by dirty water (44.19%), high fever (86.05%) and headache (79.07%) as the main symptoms. Regarding attitudes, 44.19% of the people would go to the hospital in the case of having symptoms. The most recognized practices for disease prevention were the use of mosquito nets (65.12%) and fans (23.26%). The results showed that some people had misconceptions about the disease transmission mode. The analysis showed significant associations of either female gender and homemaker occupation with a good knowledge [OR = 3.74, (p = 0.04), OR = 3.55, (p = 0.04), respectively] or female with a positive attitude towards malaria control and prevention [OR = 4.80, (p = 0.04)]. These results showed that the identified gaps in KAP require increasing education among the community in addition to applying public health prevention efforts. The data may be useful in designing malaria control strategies that involve community participation.

Perceived support for climate policy in Australia: The asymmetrical influence of voting behaviour

A comprehensive policy response from wealthy nations is a necessary step to limiting catastrophic climate change. Community attitudes toward policy, and polarisation along political lines, may threaten this response. Using two representative cross-sectional survey studies of Australian voters (N = 2013; N = 3834), we test levels of support for a range of climate policies, levels of partisan polarisation, and whether people misperceive support among other partisans (false polarisation). Importantly, we investigate how perceptions differ across voting groups spanning left-wing, centre-left-wing, centre-right-wing, and right-wing voting orientations. In Study 1, we find support for climate policy across the political spectrum. However, assumed support from others is routinely underestimated, with support estimates decreasing the less socially proximal the group being estimated is. Meanwhile, perceptions of others’ support relates positively to perceptions of policy legitimacy. While policy support is associated with partisanship, in Study 2 we find left-wing voters perceive partisan polarisation to be greater than it actually is (false polarisation), while right-wing voters underestimate actual polarisation. We also find perceived polarisation is associated with higher levels of issue relevance. We discuss our findings with respect to intergroup processes, and recommend that community consensus regarding support for climate policy action be emphasised.

Human rights engagement, stigma and attitudes towards mental health among Colombian social work and medical students.

Human rights training in mental health professions is essential to reduce stigma and facilitate recovery processes. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between engagement to human rights and stigma towards people with mental disorders, as well as attitudes towards mental illness in medical and social work students of a Latin American context. An analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 243 students in the last two years of study. Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI), Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitude Scale (MICA), Human Rights Exposure in Social Work (HRXSW) and Human Rights Engagement in Social Work (HRESW) were used as instruments. To determine how the explanatory variables are related to the engagement to human rights (dependent variable) a binary logistic regression model was used. Correlations were found between the scales and their components. Economic condition, intersectional approach, authoritarianism, benevolence and mental health ideology explained 55.11% of the variance for commitment to the engagement of human rights. Some factors related to the stigma of mental disorders and the focus on human rights in future mental health professionals are highlighted that should be more visible in the training practices of these professions.

Analysis of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of the Long Pasia Sipitang Community Based on Customary Practices in River Management

Analysis of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of the Long Pasia Sipitang Community Based on Customary Practices in River Management

Medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes explain SARS-CoV-2 vaccination disparities in a mixed-serostatus cohort.

To understand the extent of racial disparities in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among PWH and those vulnerable to HIV infection and to estimate the contributions of medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes to these disparities. Quantitative data analyses in a racially and gender diverse, mixed-serostatus prospective cohort, the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Interviewer-assisted questionnaires assessed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, medical mistrust, and vaccine-hesitant attitudes from March 2021-September 2022 (n=3948). Longitudinal analyses assessed effects of sociodemographics on medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes. A hierarchical multivariable logistic regression assessed effects of these co-factors on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Causal mediation models assessed whether a) medical mistrust mediated the relationship between Black identity and vaccine-hesitant attitudes, and b) vaccine-hesitant attitudes mediated the relationship between Black identity and SARS-CoV-2 non-vaccination. Participants' mean age was 56.7; 55.3% were Black, 52.6% cisgender female, 62.6% PWH. 10.1% reported never receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations (13.4% of Black and 4.5% of white participants). Black-identified participants had higher odds of non-vaccination than white participants (aOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.72). Medical mistrust mediated the relationship between Black identity and vaccine-hesitant attitudes, accounting for 46.0% of the effect (p < 0.0001). Vaccine-hesitant attitudes mediated the relationship between Black identity and SARS-CoV-2 non-vaccination to the extent that 57.7% (95% CI: 25.3%, 90.1%) of the disparity would be eliminated if vaccine-hesitant attitudes among Black respondents were reduced to levels reported among other racial groups. Findings indicate a profound need to build trustworthy healthcare environments to combat medical mistrust and vaccine-hesitant attitudes in Black communities in the U.S, including those affected by HIV.

Assessing the awareness level, knowledge, and attitudes of the university community for sustainable development in Higher Educational Institutions in India—A review paper

Background: Sustainability plays a crucial role in the development of the education sector. It is analyzed that higher education institutions (HEIs) continuously working on the adoption of sustainable practices for carrying out business operations in the long run. Agenda 2030 is a comprehensive, multifaceted strategy that serve as an important framework for the comparison to uphold different principles. Additionally, the UN 2030 Agenda concerning sustainable development is introduced as global idea of balanced development. The 2030 Agenda and SDGs representing the program related to global development programs. Higher education institutions also working on the adoption of sustainable development perspective and the issues linked with them. Aim: The main aim of the study is to determine the level of knowledge, awareness, and attitude of the university community for achieving sustainability in HEIs. Policy Implementation: Adopting sustainable behavior is encouraged when policies are implemented well. Universities have the authority to develop and implement sustainability policies that set guidelines and requirements. Topics like waste reduction, environmentally friendly transportation, and environmentally friendly buying may be covered by the sustainability policies. Acting sustainably is encouraged among university community members through the implementation of sustainability policies. Conclusion: Findings stated efforts across sectors for the promotion of awareness and alignment with the 2030 Agenda consider a comprehensive strategy for addressing humanity, nature, and human rights. In higher education institutions, the role of education emerges as pivotal, developing green practices, development of campuses, and attracting students globally. In HEIs green practices are carried out for the development of the campus and activities in the future terms. Universities also supported in the adoption of sustainability in working education institutes international students are also attracted to them. It is identified that educators are playing an important role in achieving sustainability aspects in the education sector.

The price of mistrust: the impact of a medical ethics scandal on scientific capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT This study investigates how negative news alleging ethical misconduct in clinical trials can hinder scientific development in emerging economies. We examine a 2000 exposé surrounding a clinical trial conducted in Northern Nigeria, leading to decades of community mistrust in foreign pharmaceutical companies. By comparing scientific output of researchers in affected and less affected regions, we find a significant decline in publication growth, particularly for medical researchers. An exploration of the mechanisms suggests that eroded community support and participation in research and reduced international collaboration contributed to this slowdown. This study highlights the importance of the science-community relationship in fostering scientific development. Our findings imply that a ’social li- cense to operate’ grounded in community trust is essential for scientific progress, and that future research on the determinants of scientific capacity in developing countries should consider community attitudes and involvement.

Perbandingan Kedudukan Anak Luar Kawin Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan dan Hukum Islam, Sikap Masyarakat Terhadap Anak Luar Kawin di Desa Lohayong, Kecamatan Solor Timur, Kabupaten Flores Timur

This study aims to find out and analyze the comparison of the position of children out of wedlock according to law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and Islamic law, community attitudes towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency. This research is a normative judicial research using primary data obtained by conducting interviews, secondary data obtained from information sources in the form of the internet, books and other written notes. This study focuses on discussing the position of children out of wedlock according to law number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage and Islamic law and community attitudes towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency. The results of the study show that (1) Children out of wedlock in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage are divided into two, namely legal children and children out of wedlock. The position of illegitimate children in the view of Islamic Law contained in the Compupulation of Islamic Law where an illegitimate child only has a civil or nasab relationship with his mother and his mother's family. (2) The attitude of the community towards children out of wedlock in Lohayong Village, East Solor District, East Flores Regency is known that the cause of children out of wedlock is due to religious differences, irresponsible couples and underage factors.

Perception, Attitude, and Treatment Behaviour of The Community Towards Mental Disorders in Banyumas Raya

Introduction: The stigma associated with mental disorders continues to have negative value in Indonesian society, which can influence treatment decisions. This project is aimed at evaluating the public’s perceptions, attitudes, and behavior toward treatment of mental disorders in Banyumas Raya. Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study with 410 respondents who had completed questionnaires on mental health perceptions (Mental Health Knowledge Schedule, MAKS), attitude assessment (the Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness, CAMI), and behavior of choosing traditional treatment or medical treatment in October–November 2022. A descriptive analysis was used, and the relationship was assessed using the chi-square test. Result: Descriptive analysis reveals that 273 (66.6%) respondents live in Banyumas, 167 (40.7%) are senior high school graduates, and 175 (42.7%) have an income of Rp. 1,000,000-Rp. 3,000,000. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between knowledge and behavior (p&lt;0.05; CI. OR: 0.251). Conclusion: Respondents with a high level of knowledge are more likely to engage in medical behavior.

Investigating changes in mental illness stigma and discrimination after the Time to Change programme in England.

Between 2008 and 2019, we reported positive change relating to mental health stigma and discrimination among the adult population of England, supporting the effectiveness of the Time to Change campaign. Using data from the Attitudes to Mental Illness survey (2008/2009 to 2023), we investigated the extent to which positive changes in stigma were sustained by 2023, 2 years after the programme's end in 2021. We used regression analyses to evaluate trends in outcomes. Measures were of stigma-related knowledge (Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS)), attitudes (Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill scale (CAMI)) and desire for social distance (Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS)). We also examined willingness to interact with people based on vignettes of depression and schizophrenia, and attitudes toward workplace discrimination, using data from the British Social Attitudes Survey for comparison. CAMI scores improved between 2008 and 2023 (s.d. 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.31), but decreased since 2019 (P = 0.015). After improvements between 2009 and 2019, 2023 MAKS and RIBS scores no longer differed from 2009 scores, indicating decreases in stigma-related knowledge (MAKS scores declined 7.8%; P < 0.001) and willingness to interact (RIBS scores declined by 10.2%; P < 0.001) since 2019. Conversely, comparison with British Social Attitudes Survey data indicated that willingness to interact with people with depression and schizophrenia increased gradually between 2007, 2015 and 2023, and attitudes to workplace discrimination also improved. The lasting positive changes reflect support for non-discrimination and willingness to interact with someone after a sense of familiarity is evoked. Besides the end of Time to Change, interpretations for declines in other outcomes include the COVID-19 pandemic and economic stress.

POLARIZATION OF LOCAL COMMUNITY ORIENTATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-RURAL TOURISM IN KERINCI REGION, JAMBI PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Rural areas are increasingly the focus of exploration by various stakeholders. However, local communities, as landowners in these regions, often do not reap the full benefits. This issue stems from their limited involvement in regional development and a lack of awareness about ongoing projects. Local communities play a crucial role in the success of rural development, and understanding their attitudes is vital.This study aimed to explore local community attitudes toward eco-rural tourism development in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. A closed-ended questionnaire, designed with a "One Score One Indicator" system, assessed various factors including socio-cultural aspects, conservation, ethnic politics, economics, regional development, tourism, and landscape ecology across six villages. The analysis of local community orientation was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods and One-Way ANOVA statistical tests.Results indicated a positive polarization in community attitudes across all villages, showing strong support for eco-rural tourism. By focusing on the identified indicators, local communities are motivated to collaborate and enhance their rural areas through eco-tourism initiatives. The findings suggest that these communities possess significant potential to develop their regions in line with eco-rural tourism principles. Additionally, the insights gained can inform the creation of eco-rural tourism programs that emphasize community involvement and leverage local strengths. This approach aims to ensure that rural communities benefit from the exploration and development occurring in their areas.

Community perspectives on existence of human wildlife conflicts and underlying mitigation measures adjacent to protected areas in Northern Tanzania

Wildlife conservation has the potential to make significant contributions to community development. Despite this potential, the sector faces various challenges, including human-wildlife conflicts (HWC). Communities adjacent to the Ngorongoro, Tarangire, and Manyara protected areas (NTMPAs) are known to experience HWC; however, studies on HWC management strategies concerning the demographic characteristics of these communities are scarce. This study utilized questionnaires and focus group discussions to assess this information within the study area. The findings from this study revealed that respondents over the age of 30 significantly (x2(112) = 78.857, p < 0.000) reported the existence of problem animals causing conflicts in their villages. Additionally, respondents engaged in agriculture-related activities demonstrated significant (x2(4) = 23.501, p < 0.0001) concern about problem animals and conflicts compared to other groups. Conflict mitigation measure used, varied significantly (Cochran's Q Test (6) = 138.539, p = 0.001 and n = 120) across the study area. Respondents reported that different mitigation measures varied significantly across occupation and education levels. The study suggests that while efforts to engage younger individuals in formal and conservation education are important, similar initiatives should also target older individuals, particularly those involved in agriculture, whether as landowners or casual laborers. Wildlife management authorities should prioritize efforts to intensify community awareness, focusing on conservation education, the establishment of buffer zones, and the promotion of alternative crops. These initiatives aim to foster positive attitudes toward wildlife conservation. Ultimately, such efforts will help transform community attitudes and increase tolerance for wildlife, facilitating coexistence and enhancing sustainability in wildlife conservation and community development in areas adjacent to protected areas, including the NTMPAs.

Challenges of education scenarios in primary care in the light of the Previne Brasil neoselectivity

Primary Health Care (PHC) is considered a privileged space for the inclusion of students in the Unified Health System (UHS), which is most desirable the pedagogical scenario for the health course graduate education profile. However, its new financing model induces a neoselectivity that may mischaracterize UHS principles in primary care. This study is a qualitative meta-synthesis to understand the challenges of teaching practice scenarios in PHC, identified in the research, in order to discuss them in light of the limits imposed by the neoselectivity, induced by the Previne Brasil Program (Prevent Brazil Program). A search was conducted on the Virtual Health Library (VHL) portal. The search strategy was designed using the following keywords: ‘practice scenarios in higher education’ (object), ‘challenges’ (qualifier) and ‘PHC’ (amplitude/limit). The selection of publications was carried out using the PRISMA protocol by two independent reviewers, and data analysis was performed in the thematic modality. The quality analysis of the articles was based on the CASP protocol and the internal validation of the excerpts was done by a third evaluator. From the 17 articles included in the review, it was possible to extract 5 analytical dimensions of the scenarios' challenges, which are related to: ‘care’, ‘teaching’, ‘management’, ‘health professionals' attitude’, ‘community attitude’. All dimensions presented several sub-themes, except for 'community attitude'. Given the existing challenges, the neoselectivity induced in PHC tends to intensify most of the problems. It is assumed that the impacts on PHC settings may, in the future, place it as a non-viable practice scenario.