Community Outreach Activities Research Articles

The effect of youth-friendly health services on risk of pregnancy among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: a secondary analysis of the girl power-Malawi study.

In sub-Saharan Africa, adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 (AGYW) experience high risk of early and unintended pregnancy. We assessed the impact of youth-friendly health services (YFHS) on pregnancy risk among AGYW who participated in the Girl Power study. In 2016, Girl Power randomly assigned four government-run health centers in Lilongwe, Malawi, to provide a standard (n=1) or youth-friendly (n=3) model of service delivery. At six and 12 months, study participants (n=250 at each health center) self-reported their current pregnancy status and received a urine pregnancy test. Because of missing pregnancy test results, we used multiple imputation to correct for outcome misclassification in self-reported pregnancy status, and applied the parametric g-formula on the corrected data to estimate the effect of YFHS on the 12-month risk of pregnancy. After correcting for outcome misclassification, the risk of pregnancy under the scenario where all health centers offered YFHS was 15.8% compared to 23.2% under the scenario where all health centers offered standard of care (risk difference: -7.3%, 95% CI: -15.5%, 0.8%). Access to a model of YFHS that integrates provider training with youth-friendly clinic modifications and community outreach activities may decrease risk of pregnancy among AGYW relative to standard of care.

Relato de experiência da participação de estudantes voluntários no inquérito soroepidemiológico da COVID-19 no Município de Jundiaí, Brasil

ObjectiveExperience report of medical and nursing students on participation in the seroepidemiological investigation of COVID-19 in the city of Jundiaí.MethodsIn the survey, resident of 1260 households were tested, and a questionnaire was filled out with information about the individual and family in June/20. The students clarified the situation of the pandemic, providing guidance on general preventive care. To assess the students’ perception of participation in the survey, a questionnaire was available online, including questions about the satisfaction, adherence to the survey proposal, feeling of security and risk, availability of individual protective equipment and personal motivation.ResultsThe 50 volunteers answered the form (100%). In the evaluation, they were very satisfied, with the health team, 86% (n=43); regarding the organization of activities, 66% (n=33); and with the availability of protection personal equipment, 64% (n=32); 70% said they did not feel afraid at any time and 45% (n=46) stated their main motivation for the desire to contribute to the pandemic, followed by the desire to learn (29%, n=30).ConclusionIt was evident the motivation of academics to act in the face of the pandemic of COVID-19, combined with satisfaction and the opportunity to include practical learning in activities with the population. Emphasis is placed on the importance of community outreach activities as a tool for social change and university education.

Understanding engagement in diet and dementia prevention research among British South Asians: a short report of findings from a patient and public involvement group.

Dementia is a global public health challenge. Evidence suggests that individuals from South Asian communities are an at-risk group for dementia, partly as a result of early and cumulative exposure to known dementia risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. There needs to be more culturally appropriate community engagement to increase awareness of dementia and identify better strategies to encourage participation in dementia-related research. We aimed to better understand the barriers and facilitators towards engaging with, and participating in, diet and dementia related research among British South Asians. This was achieved using a public and patient involvement (PPI) approach. A community-based, engagement event involving information sharing from experts and roundtable discussions with South Asian communities (n = 26 contributors) was held in June 2023 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Collaboration from preidentified PPI representatives (n = 3) informed the content and structure of PPI activities, as well as recruitment. Data were synthesised using template analysis, a form of codebook thematic analysis. This involved deductively analysing data using relevant a priori themes, which were expanded upon, or modified, via inductive analysis. The findings highlighted the importance of trust, representation and appreciation of cultural barriers as facilitators to engagement in diet and dementia risk reduction research. Consideration of language barriers, time constraints, social influences and how to embed community outreach activities were reported as driving factors to maximise participation. This PPI work will inform the design and co-creation of a culturally adapted dietary intervention for brain health in accordance with the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health and Care Research guidance for developing complex interventions.

Adolescents' Perspective Regarding a Community-Wide Mass Drug Administration Program for Soil-Transmitted Helminths in India.

This study was undertaken to understand the perspective of adolescents in endemic communities of India regarding soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). A multicountry community-based cluster-randomized trial, the Deworm3 trial, tested the feasibility of interrupting STH transmission with cMDA, where all individuals aged 1-99 are treated empirically with albendazole. Using a guideline based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, eight focus group discussions were conducted among 57 adolescents from the trial site in India and analyzed on ATLAS.ti 8.0 software using an a priori thematic codebook. Adolescents believed that adults could be a source of STH infection because they were not routinely dewormed like the children through the national deworming program. Perceived benefits of cMDA for all were better health and increased work efficiency. Perceived barriers to adults' participation in cMDA was their mistrust about the program, fear of side effects, perceived low risk of infection, and absence during drug distribution. To encourage adult participation in cMDAs, adolescents suggested community outreach activities, engaging village influencers and health workers, and tailoring drug distribution to when adults would be available. Adolescents were confident in their ability to be change agents within their households for treatment compliance. Adolescents provided insights into potential barriers and solutions to improve adult participation in cMDA, identified best practices of cMDA delivery, and suggested that they have unique roles as change agents to increase their household participation in cMDA.

A Novel Approach for Conducting a Catchment Area Analysis of Breast Cancer by Age and Stage for a Community Cancer Center.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recently issued an updated draft recommendation statement to initiate breast cancer screening at age 40, reflecting well-documented disparities in breast cancer-related mortality that disproportionately impact younger Black women. This study applied a novel approach to identify hotspots of breast cancer diagnosed before age 50 and/or at an advanced stage to improve breast cancer detection within these communities. Cancer registry data for 3,497 women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed or treated between 2012 and 2020 at the Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute (HFGCCRI) and who resided in the HFGCCRI catchment area, defined as New Castle County, Delaware, were geocoded and analyzed with spatial intensity. Standardized incidence ratios stratified by age and race were calculated for each hotspot. Four hotspots were identified, two for breast cancer diagnosed before age 50, one for advanced breast cancer, and one for advanced breast cancer diagnosed before age 50. Younger Black women were overrepresented in these hotspots relative to the full-catchment area. The novel use of spatial methods to analyze a community cancer center catchment area identified geographic areas with higher rates of breast cancer with poor prognostic factors and evidence that these areas made an outsized contribution to racial disparities in breast cancer. Identifying and prioritizing hotspot breast cancer communities for community outreach and engagement activities designed to improve breast cancer detection have the potential to reduce the overall burden of breast cancer and narrow racial disparities in breast cancer.

Engaging Communities in Cancer Prevention and Control Activity Prioritization through a Statewide Needs Assessment: A Case Study from Nebraska.

Community outreach and engagement (COE) activities are important in identifying catchment area needs, communicating these needs, and facilitating activities relevant to the population. The National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centers are required to conduct catchment-wide cancer needs assessments as part of their COE activities. The University of Nebraska Medical Center Buffett Cancer Center undertook a three-year-long process to conduct a needs assessment, identify priorities, and develop workgroups to implement cancer prevention and control activities. Activities were conducted through collaborations with internal and external partners. The needs assessment focused on prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer and involved secondary data analysis and focus groups with identified underrepresented priority populations (rural, African American, Hispanic, Native American, and LGBTQ+ populations). Results were tailored and disseminated to specific audiences via internal and external reports, infographics, and presentations. Several workgroups were developed through meetings with the internal and external partners to address identified priorities. COE-specific initiatives and metrics have been incorporated into University of Nebraska Medical Center and Buffett Cancer Center strategic plans. True community engagement takes a focused effort and significant resources. A systemic and long-term approach is needed to develop trusted relationships between the COE team and its local communities.

Stakeholders’ Perspectives on an Area Agency on Aging Serving Urban Older Adults

ABSTRACT Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs), authorized by the 1965 Older Americans Act, seek to promote “age-friendly” communities by offering services that help older adults live independently. This study used Qualtrics survey data (n = 94 respondents) to identify unmet needs for AAA services in the Detroit metropolitan area. Descriptive statistical analyses were used for closed-ended items and content analysis was used to identify themes from open-ended questions. This needs assessment aims to provide the opportunity for in-depth, meaningful input from stakeholders about areas relevant to strategic planning efforts that enhance and enrich older adult programming in an urban AAA service area. Key themes included the need to collaborate with transportation providers, partner with healthcare and hospitals, market the agency to enhance visibility, promote aging in place, address demographic changes, and improve access to older adult services and caregiver support. Findings suggest the importance of providing accessible, high-quality services that promote aging in place through community outreach and collaboration activities.

Web-Based Assignment Information System Serves to Improve Economic Research at Universities and Public Services

Community Outreach is one of the Tridharma of Higher Education which is the obligation of lecturers in Indonesia. The Institute for Research and Community Outreach (LPPM) at Universitas Multimedia Nusantara (UMN) is an institution that supports and facilitates Community Outreach activities, starting from submitting proposals, monitoring implementation, assignment letters, and completion reports. There are several procedures such as filling in data on a form which can be accessed using the Linktree link. This makes it difficult for LPPM admins to manually recap data by checking the forms that have been submitted. Even though there is a Research and Community Outreach (RCOS) website, there is no feature for Community Outreach services yet. This research develops the RCOS LPPM website at UMN by adding features for Community Outreach services. By using the Agile development method which focuses on developers, existing software, customers, and change requirements, the web-based information system created is expected to further complement the digitalization and automation of LPPM UMN service features, making it easier for both lecturers and admins in the process.

Building capacity for community outreach and engagement activities across the translational research continuum at NCI Cancer Centers.

Building capacity for community outreach and engagement activities across the translational research continuum at NCI Cancer Centers.

Introduction of Electric Motorcycle Working Systems and Safety Aspects in State High School 7 Denpasar

Many companies in Indonesia are striving to develop electric vehicles. Safety aspects in electric vehicles are of paramount importance. Several challenges need to be addressed before the public transitions from conventional fuel-powered vehicles to electric ones. The promotion of electric vehicles, especially in terms of safety and the operation of electric motorcycles, is essential to enhance public awareness of these vehicles. Providing education to the public about the operation of electric motorcycles and their safety aspects is crucial. Community outreach activities have been carried out at SMAN 7 Denpasar using an outreach method for participants, who are students from the school. Participants will be given materials on the operation of electric motorcycles and their safety aspects, with the hope of increasing their knowledge regarding electric motorcycle operation, safety aspects, fostering an appreciation for electric motorcycle technology development, and reducing accidents caused by user negligence.

STAKEHOLDERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON AN AREA AGENCIES ON AGING SERVING URBAN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) in urban areas play a critical role in helping older adults maintain and enhance their quality of life. The Detroit Area Agency on Aging (DAAA), recognizing the importance of involving Detroit area seniors and community stakeholders in long-term strategic initiatives, funded a comprehensive needs assessment of the region’s seniors. This study reports findings from an online survey in the winter of 2020, (n=94) aimed at identifying stakeholder views of DAAA programs and services. We used descriptive statistical analyses for closed-ended items and content analysis to identify themes from open-ended questions. Most respondents were either direct service purchase vendors (34.0%) or contractors (22.3%). The highest ranked perceived agency role was information and assistance (mean=2.41; SD=1.02), followed by direct service provision (mean=2.45; SD=1.52), coordination of aging services (mean=2.63; SD=1.54), education (mean=3.40; SD=1.11), and training (mean=4.10; SD=0.99). The most commonly mentioned areas needed for the region to become age-friendly were supportive community services (66.3%), public transportation (44.9%), safety and security (41.6%), available and affordable housing (40.4%), access to healthcare (38.2%), and housing maintenance/modification (24.7%). The most common themes from open-ended responses included outreach, collaboration, and promoting aging in place. These findings suggest the imperative of providing accessible, high-quality services that promote aging in place in urban areas through community outreach and collaboration activities. Detroit area seniors are a vital community resource, and ongoing stakeholder input is needed as part of collaborative efforts to meet their complex emerging health and social needs.

COVID-19 vaccination at a hospital in Paris: Spatial analyses and inverse equity hypothesis

BackgroundVaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been deployed in France since January 2021. Without specific action for different population subgroups, the inverse equity hypothesis postulates that people in the most deprived neighbourhoods will be the last to benefit. The article aims to study whether the inverse care law has been verified in the context of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 from a vaccination centre of a hospital in the Paris region. MethodsWe performed a spatial analysis using primary data from the vaccination centre of the Avicenne Hospital in Bobigny from January 8th to September 30th, 2021. Primary data variables include the vaccinated person's date, age, and postal address. Secondary data calculates access times between residential neighbourhoods and the vaccination centre and social deprivation index. We performed flow analysis, k-means aggregation, and mapping. Results32,712 people were vaccinated at the study centre. Vaccination flow to the hospital shows that people living in the most disadvantaged areas were the last to be vaccinated. The number of people immunized according to the level of social deprivation then scales out with slightly more access to the vaccination centre for the most advantaged. The furthest have travelled more than 100 km, and more than 1h45 of transport time to get to this vaccination centre. ConclusionThe study confirms the inverse equity hypothesis and shows that vaccination preparedness strategies must consider equity issues. Public health interventions should be implemented according to proportionate universalism and use community health, health mediation, and outreach activities for more equity.

Career Guidance for the Hospitality Industry during the Pandemic for Students of SMKN 7 Tangerang

During the pandemic, the continuity of job opportunities related to the tourism industry was concerning for vocational high school students, including students at SMKN 7 Kabupaten Tangerang. Therefore, socialization of career guidance regarding the hospitality industry during a pandemic is necessary so that students can anticipate their career plans after the study period is over. This community outreach activity is carried out so that students can have an understanding of their own potential and development in related industries and plan for the future according to their potential and interests rationally according to existing job opportunities. The material presented is related to the condition of the hospitality industry during Covid-19 pandemic and how to respond to this. The method applied to this community outreach was Service Learning Method as the activities were actively applying what was learnt in the campus to the community. The community outreach activities consist of 3 stages, namely the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. Activities are carried out online as a security measure during pandemic. After the activity ends, students can explore career development, identify their potential interests and talents, add relevant information to make career decisions, and improve their expertise and skills according to the career map made.

Researchers join forces to conserve red colobus (Piliocolobus badius temminckii) in West Africa.

The recent development of the Red Colobus Conservation Action Plan has spurred momentum to promote site-based conservation of red colobus while forging partnerships among researchers and building local capacity. Communities for Red Colobus (C4RC) is a community-centered conservation organization in The Gambia, West Africa, that aims to protect Temminck's red colobus (Piliocolobus badius temminckii) while advancing opportunities for local people. We highlight the inception and initial development of C4RC with its educational and ranger teams and describe how local and international collaborations have positively impacted the organization through training and mentoring programs. This conservation program has the potential to become sustainable with plans for continued ecological monitoring, reforestation efforts, use of alternative methods of cooking, and the expansion of ecotourism. We hope that the dissemination of project information through Gambian broadcast and social media channels and wider community outreach activities will improve perceptions and conservation of primates and inspire the development of other red colobus initiatives at suitable forest sites based on the C4RC model of community-based conservation.

Literasi Pemanfaatan dan Pencegahan Efek Radiasi pada Masyarakat Lansia di Lingkungan Kecamatan Trawas Kabupaten Mojokerto

Radiation can originate from various natural and artificial sources. Ionizing radiation can impact individual health because ionization events can result in DNA damage, cell death, and harm to tissues and organs. The elderly is one of the vulnerable groups that should receive more attention regarding their health conditions. Aging is a natural phase in the human life cycle that significantly affects various aspects of life, including health and quality of life. The quality of life in the elderly can be influenced by their well-being, emotions, physical health, occupation, cognitive abilities, and social life. In connection with the radiation phenomenon that can have serious implications for the health and quality of life of individuals, including the more vulnerable elderly population, adequate knowledge about safe radiation utilization and a detailed understanding of radiation's effects and prevention become essential in maintaining their health and improving their quality of life. Community outreach activities were conducted in the form of educational seminars with the aim of increasing the elderly community's literacy regarding the effects and utilization of radiation in the Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, over a duration of one day. It is worth noting that the Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, has experienced an increase in its elderly population over the past few years. The results of this community outreach program have shown a positive overall progress, with an increase in participants' self-confidence in understanding the provided material and an improvement in their knowledge regarding the utilization and prevention of radiation effects. This improvement is demonstrated by the significant difference between pre-test scores (mean value: 22.82) and post-test scores (mean value: 80.82), as assessed through a statistically significant paired T-test (t value: 35,537 with p<0.001) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p<0.001).

Female genital schistosomiasis, human papilloma virus infection, and cervical cancer in rural Madagascar: a cross sectional study

BackgroundWomen’s health in resource-limited settings can benefit from the integrated management of high-burden diseases, such as female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) and human papilloma virus (HPV)-related cervical cancer. In schistosomiasis-endemic countries such as Madagascar, data on FGS and HPV prevalence are lacking as well as preventive measures for both conditions. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of FGS and HPV in rural Madagascar, and to examine associated risk factors to identify opportunities for improving women’s health.MethodsAfter initial community outreach activities, interested women aged 18–49 years were recruited consecutively in 2021 at three primary health care centers in the district of Marovoay. FGS was detected by colposcopy. Colposcopy images were double-blind reviewed by two independent specialists. A Luminex bead-based assay was performed on cervical vaginal lavage specimens for HPV typing. Crude (CPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) of associations between selected factors and FGS and HPV positivity were estimated using univariable and multivariable binary Poisson regression with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong 500 women enrolled, 302 had complete information on FGS and HPV diagnosis, and were thus eligible for analysis. Within the sample, 189 (62.6%, 95% CI: 56.9–68.1) cases of FGS were detected. A total of 129 women (42.7%, 95% CI: 37.1–48.5) tested positive for HPV. In total, 80 women (26.5%, 95% CI: 21.6–31.8]) tested positive for both conditions. No association was observed between FGS and HPV positivity, while previous pregnancy (APR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.78) and older age (APR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42–0.81) are showing a negative association with HPV infection compared to no previous pregnancy and younger age groups.ConclusionsThe results of the study show that FGS and HPV are highly prevalent in rural Madagascar. The concurrent prevalence of these two conditions requires urgent adaptations of public health strategies to improve women’s health, such as integrated services at primary level of care.Graphical

UPAYA TRANSPLANTASI TERUMBU KARANG (Acropora sp.) SEBAGAI REHABILITASI FUNGSI KAWASAN EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG TERDAMPAK TUMPAHAN MINYAK ASPAL DI DESA AFULU KABUPATEN NIAS UTARA

A tanker that was transporting 1,900 tons of raw asphalt into the North Nias Marine Protected Area spilled it, contaminating the ocean up to 50 kilometers away from the North Nias Regency Marine Protected Area. Long-term effects on the coral reef ecosystem are anticipated to build up and result in a decline in fish catches. The community service team works to restore coral reef ecosystem areas utilizing coral reef transplanting technology as a solution to the partners problems. In accordance with the goals of the policy direction of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) number 14 to increase conservation, rehabilitation, and disaster resilience in coastal and marine areas, to establish and develop a group of productive communities through KUB Harapan Wunga Nias Utara. Implementation of activities to solve KUB Harapan Wunga partner problems in Afulu Village, using counseling and simulation approaches carried out holistically. All activities go through four stages, preparation of activities, outreach, delivery of operational tools and materials, field activities simulating the search for coral donors and removing tables coral transplant shelf. The results of the activity were created and delivery of 15 units of transplant racks along with tools and materials which were handed over to community service partners, outreach and field activities attended by the Afulu Village Secretary, head of the Harapan Wunga Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB), 10 fishermen and 17 community service team students. The transplant shelf that has been removed at the location will be observed for every 2 weeks by the community service partner. This community service activity has a positive impact and a new understanding for the partners of the Harapan Wunga Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) Afulu Village, Afulu District, North Nias Regency regarding the major influence of the function coral reef ecosystems for the catch of fishermen as well as providing new experience in the application of science and technology (IPTEK) for transplantation coral reefs. The implementation of community service succesfully, partners were very enthusiastic about carrying out coral reef transplantation simulation activities, besides that the role of lecturers and students in applying knowledge about management of conservation area utilization and management of coral reefs as well.

Evaluation of Diabetes Care Performance in Cambodia Through the Cascade-of-Care Framework: Cross-Sectional Study.

Cambodia has seen an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) over the last 10 years. Three main care initiatives for T2D are being scaled up in the public health care system across the country: hospital-based care, health center-based care, and community-based care. To date, no empirical study has systematically assessed the performance of these care initiatives across the T2D care continuum in Cambodia. This study aimed to assess the performance of the 3 care initiatives-individually or in coexistence-and determine the factors associated with the failure to diagnose T2D in Cambodia. We used a cascade-of-care framework to assess the T2D care continuum. The cascades were generated using primary data from a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in 2020 with 5072 individuals aged ≥40 years. The survey was conducted in 5 operational districts (ODs) selected based on the availability of the care initiatives. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the failure to diagnose T2D. The significance level of P<.05 was used as a cutoff point. Of the 5072 individuals, 560 (11.04%) met the definition of a T2D diagnosis (fasting blood glucose level ≥126 mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin level ≥6.5%). Using the 560 individuals as the fixed denominator, the cascade displayed substantial drops at the testing and control stages. Only 63% (353/560) of the participants had ever tested their blood glucose level in the last 3 years, and only 10.7% (60/560) achieved blood glucose level control with the cutoff point of glycated hemoglobin level <8%. The OD hosting the coexistence of care displayed the worst cascade across all bars, whereas the OD with hospital-based care had the best cascade among the 5 ODs. Being aged 40 to 49 years, male, and in the poorest category of the wealth quintile were factors associated with the undiagnosed status. The unmet needs for T2D care in Cambodia were large, particularly in the testing and control stages, indicating the need to substantially improve early detection and management of T2D in the country. Rapid scale-up of T2D care components at public health facilities to increase the chances of the population with T2D of being tested, diagnosed, retained in care, and treated, as well as of achieving blood glucose level control, is vital in the health system. Specific population groups susceptible to being undiagnosed should be especially targeted for screening through active community outreach activities. Future research should incorporate digital health interventions to evaluate the effectiveness of the T2D care initiatives longitudinally with more diverse population groups from various settings based on routine data vital for integrated care. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials Number (ISRCTN) ISRCTN41932064; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN41932064. RR2-10.2196/36747.

Pilot Evaluation of Generation Rx Ambassadors Virtual Training to Prepare Students for Medication Safety Outreach

Objective. To describe the creation of a virtual training program (Generation Rx Ambassadors) and evaluate a pilot offering's impact on knowledge and perceived abilities in delivering medication safety outreach through the Generation Rx program.Methods. Generation Rx (GenRx) is a prevention education program used by student pharmacists to teach safe medication practices in the community. An asynchronous virtual course, called Generation Rx Ambassadors (Ambassadors), was developed to train facilitators on best practices for GenRx delivery. The training was piloted in a mixed student cohort and evaluated using a preprogram/postprogram survey assessing participants' objective knowledge gains and self-perceived abilities to appropriately deliver GenRx education.Results. Fifty-two health sciences undergraduate and graduate students as well as Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students completed the pilot offering of Ambassadors. Regardless of degree status or discipline, participants demonstrated significant knowledge gains for all outcomes except defining medication misuse behaviors (for which there was initial strong mastery). Prior to Ambassadors training, many participants indicated a perceived ability to effectively deliver GenRx education; however, corresponding objective knowledge assessment did not support this belief. Training through the Ambassadors program appropriately aligned participants' perceived abilities with actual content knowledge for most program learning outcomes.Conclusion. These pilot findings suggest that Ambassadors is an effective training tool on best practices for GenRx delivery. More generally, this work reiterates a need to formally train student pharmacists ahead of community outreach activities, particularly in the prevention education arena. Future evaluation will focus on replicating this study with an expanded cohort size and assessing participants' ability to deliver GenRx education in community-based settings.

Pelatihan Stimulasi dan Deteksi Dini Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini untuk Guru TK/RA/PAUD

Stimulation activities for early childhood development can be carried out in school learning activities (TK/RA/PAUD) by teachers by paying attention to several aspects of development that must be achieved by early childhood. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of kindergarten/RA/PAUD teachers in conducting stimulation and early detection of early childhood growth and development as well as socializing activities of stimulation and early detection of early childhood growth and development to the community. The training method is held in a hybrid manner (the theoretical material is provided online while the practicum material is carried out offline). Community outreach activities were divided into three stages of activity, namely pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention for 15 kindergarten/RA/PAUD teachers in Kaduagung Timur Village, Lebak Regency, Banten. The results of community service activities show an increase in the average knowledge of kindergarten/RA/PAUD teachers regarding stimulation, early detection, and early childhood development of 33.33 (p=0.000), it is proven that this community service activity has a positive impact on teacher knowledge Kindergarten/RA/PAUD regarding stimulation, early detection, and early childhood development. Monitoring and evaluation results show that kindergarten/RA/PAUD teachers have socialized ways of stimulation, early detection, and early childhood development and development to parents, so that the dissemination of information regarding stimulation and early detection of growth and development can be carried out.