Community Integration Program Research Articles

The Association of Migration-Related Stress with Poor Mental Health Among Recently Resettled Afghan Refugees

BackgroundThe resettlement of Afghan refugees in Oklahoma City, OK, provides a critical context for examining the mental health challenges faced by this population due to post-migration stressors. MethodsThis study utilized online surveys to recently resettled Afghan refugees in Oklahoma City, with support provided by bilingual research assistants to accommodate low literacy rates. Surveys, initially in English, were professionally translated into Dari and Pashto and validated through back-translation. ResultsParticipants (N= 348) were majority of Pashtun ethnicity. High rates of mental health issues were evident, with 62.1% of participants screening positive for depression and 20.1% for probable GAD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lower pre-migration socioeconomic status (SES) and high post-migration stressors such as discrimination and loss of homeland were significantly associated with increased mental health problems. Stress related to the worry for and loss of their homeland was a substantial predictor of high distress (AOR= 2.71, p <.001), anxiety (AOR= 1.99, p =.001) and depression (AOR= 2.65, p<.001). Experiences of discrimination post-resettlement was also associated with anxiety (AOR 4.92, p <.001). DiscussionThe findings highlight the profound impact of post-migration stressors on the mental health of Afghan refugees. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address the specific challenges faced by refugees, such as language barriers, employment, legal support, and anti-discrimination measures, to facilitate better integration and improve mental health outcomes. ConclusionEnhanced community integration programs and comprehensive support services are essential to mitigate the mental health challenges faced by Afghan refugees, suggesting a broader application for such approaches in similar resettlement contexts globally.

The efficiency of social workers in the application of quality standards for the social integration programs for children of Asperger's syndrome in centers of people of determination from perspective of the community organization method

The research aims at assessing the efficiency of social workers in applying quality standards for social integration programs for children with Asperger syndrome in people with disabilities centers from the perspective of the community organization method through identifying the general characteristics of social workers working with Asperger Syndrome children, identifying nature of how well the standards of social integration programs for Asperger Syndrome children have been applied in terms of the standard of ethical, professional and competitive necessity, defining the challenges facing social workers in applying quality standards for social integration programs and defining the desired vision of the community organization method in developing the quality of community integration programs for Asperger Syndrome children. The study used the descriptive-analytical method, and the comprehensive social survey method was used for 60 social workers in people with disabilities centers in Ajman, Sharjah, and Ras Al Khaimah. The study found a number of results, the most important of which is that the level of competence of social workers in applying all the quality standards of social integration programs for children with Asperger's syndrome in centers of people of determination obtained a total of 3807 weights with a weighted relative weight of 70.50%, and this indication is considered a moderate indication, as it lies between (3001 - 4200), and this indicates that the level of proficiency is moderate. Among the most important recommendations from the perspective of the community organization method in this study benefits from the successful international experiences of social integration programs.

Social innovation in a local community in Brazil

ABSTRACT This study investigates the characteristics of social innovation in the community of São Vicente, which benefits from the Community Development and Integration Program, situated in the micro-region of Serra da Meruoca in the Brazilian state of Ceará. To accomplish this, we have conducted a field study along the lines of the technical model used by Tardif and Harrisson (2005), adopting a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and direct observations as well as a field diary along with documental analysis. The results make it possible to explore the five analysis categories present in the theoretical model used: (i) transformations; (ii) innovative character; (iii) innovation; (iv) actors and (v) processes. The analyses corroborate the nature of social innovation associated with the development of this community. On the other hand, the processes need to be more professional and formalized, and also should reduce their financial dependence on public bodies.

O médico-veterinário e sua atuação em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família no município de Salvador, Bahia: relato de experiência acadêmica

O médico-veterinário é um profissional capacitado para atuar em diversas áreas da saúde, inclusive na saúde pública, devido à ligação entre saúde humana, animal e ambiental, e assim pode intervir na promoção de saúde nas comunidades. Por ser um profissional interdisciplinar e, com isso, possuir uma ampla área de atuação, pode interagir de forma bastante satisfatória nas atividades relacionadas à promoção e educação em saúde, sendo este um dos objetivos das atividades realizadas no Programa de Integração Saúde e Comunidade (Pisco). Este trabalho relata a vivência de um grupo de estudantes de Medicina Veterinária em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família ao cursar o Pisco da Universidade Salvador. Foram realizadas atividades inerentes à função de médico-veterinário no Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família durante o segundo semestre de 2016, no bairro de Alto de Coutos, município de Salvador, pelos alunos do sexto semestre do curso de Medicina Veterinária. Essas atividades formam a base da discussão deste trabalho, bem como sua contribuição para os programas de saúde, fortalecendo, desta forma, o papel do médico-veterinário nesse novo campo de atuação.

Validation of the factor structure of the Positive Life Assets Scale for high school students in Thailand

The aim of the present study was to determine the factor structure of the Positive Life Assets Scale (PLAS), a new measure to identify both internal and external life assets among high school students in Thailand, and to further examine the usefulness of the PLAS for a comprehensive, developmental, and strengths-based school and community integration program. A total of 12,200 high school students from 10 provinces within Thailand participated in the study. The factor structure of the PLAS was determined by first conducting an exploratory factor analysis on the 48-item scale and then using a confirmatory factor analysis to test the fit of the previously hypothesized factor structure of constructs assessed by the PLAS. The five factors extracted represented five major areas of the positive life assets as originally defined including powers of Community, Family, Peer, and Wisdom, which are external assets and power of Self, which is an internal asset. The five factors accounted for 49% of the total variance in PLAS scores. The analyses suggest that the tool can be a valid measure of positive life assets for high school students in Thailand. Future research efforts will include conducting additional studies to examine the construct validity of the PLAS.

The Relationship Between Home, Social Network, Productivity and Community Integration and Occupational Performance Problem of Post Stroke in Community Dwelling Elderly

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between community integration and occupational performance of post stroke in community dwelling elderly. The study included 180 stroke elderly and the study was conducted from 04/2015 to 06/2015 based on the canadian occupational performance measure, community integration questionnaire. A total of 162 stroke elderly were analyzed. The major result of this study were as follows: subjects experienced highest occupational performance problems were self care and the lowest occupational performance problems were productivity. The correlation among the leisure and community integration were significant. In subcategories the relations were shown as follows: occupational performance and home integration (r=0.389), occupational satisfaction and community integration(r=0.305), home integration(r=0.484). These results will contribute to the guidance to develop the community integration program for post stroke in community dwelling elderly.

A menu with prices: Annual per person costs of programs addressing community integration

Information on costs of programs addressing community integration for persons with serious mental illness in the United States, essential for program planning and evaluation, is largely lacking. To address this knowledge gap, community integration programs identified through directories and snowball sampling were sent an online survey addressing program costs and organizational attributes. 64 Responses were received for which annual per person costs (APPC) could be computed. Programs were categorized by type of services provided. Program types differed in median APPCs, though median APPCs identified were consistent with the ranges identified in the limited literature available. Multiple regression was used to identify organizational variables underlying APPCs such as psychosocial rehabilitation program type, provision of EBPs, number of volunteers, and percentage of budget spent on direct care staff, though effects sizes were moderate at best. This study adds tentative prices to the menu of community integration programs, and the implications of these findings for choosing, designing and evaluating programs addressing community integration are discussed.

How we incorporated service learning into a medical student rural clinical training experience

Background: Many medical schools have developed admission policies and clinical training programs designed to address the rural physician workforce shortages in their state.Aim: To enhance medical student rural clinical training experiences, and assist in preparing students for living and working in rural communities.Methods: As part of their Rural Track Clerkship (RTC) Program, the University of Missouri School of Medicine developed the Community Integration Program (CIP). Students, individually or in groups, voluntarily identify a health need and implement a community-based project to meet that need.Results: From 2007 to 2013, 80 (53%) students participated in the CIP and 86% completed the 11-item post-experience questionnaire. After the experience, participants reported a deeper understanding of the broad impact of a rural physician and the impact of rural culture on physician interactions. Participants reported they felt more integrated into the community, had a greater understanding of community health needs and resources, and were more likely to participate in future community service activities.Conclusions: The CIP exposes students to rural culture and helps them understand community health needs. Replication of this program can increase student interest in rural medicine and better prepare students for rural practice.

Development of a fidelity measure for community integration programmes for people with acquired brain injury

Objective: The paper describes development of the Assessment of Community Integration Programme Attributes (ACIPA) measure based on a descriptive community integration framework. The purpose of this measure is to allow evaluation of community integration programmes for adults with acquired brain injury (ABI).Methods: The Community Integration Framework (CIF) was used to design a fidelity evaluation measure through consultation with 37 participants from five stakeholder groups (practitioners, researchers, policy-makers, people with ABI and family members of people with ABI) using semi-structured interviews, focus groups, iterative surveys and a multi-attribute utility (MAU) method.Results: The resultant measure included seven themes and 21 attributes. Each attribute included indicators and probing questions. Weights were assigned to each theme and constituent attributes.Conclusion: Programme evaluation commonly focuses on outcomes, often overlooking analysis of programme processes. Although it requires further psychometric (reliability and validity) development, the Assessment of Community Integration Programme Attributes may be used to assess the relationship between programme processes and specific outcomes and also to inform the development of programmes aiming to enhance community integration for adults with ABI.

Introduction

The authors in this two-part feature describe some of the innovative PE programs they have developed — most of which break away from “traditional” sports and fitness instruction and instead emphasize alternative forms of physical activity, new methods of exercise and personal development, experiential learning, community integration, and interdisciplinary programs.

Framework for describing community integration for people with acquired brain injury

Community integration is the ultimate goal of rehabilitation of adults with acquired brain injury which has a high incidence in the Australian population. The literature shows a need for a more comprehensive framework for community integration. This study developed a descriptive community integration framework drawn from views of five stakeholder groups and was compared with four similar frameworks. Thirty-seven experts in acquired brain injury, including practitioners, researchers, policy makers, people with acquired brain injury and family members participated. Using a Delphi method, an iterative process of surveys, interviews, and focus groups sought their views on community integration. Responses were analysed in three stages systematically to reduce a large quantity of raw data into a core set of descriptive themes. A final member checking process rated participants' agreement with the importance of each theme. Seven themes were identified and described: Relationships, Community Access, Acceptance, Occupation, Being at Home, Picking up Life Again, and Heightened Risks and Vulnerability. Themes were congruent with elements of the frameworks from the literature. Rich data came from the diverse stakeholders in the participant groups. Two unique themes reflected the importance of re-integration and recovering important aspects of previous lives, and identifying risks and vulnerabilities and providing safeguards. The framework reflected emphases that may be specific to acquired brain injury. It can be used as a basis for development of community integration programmes and outcome measures.

On the History of the Novel We, 1937–1952: Zamiatin's We and the Chekhov Publishing House

AbstractWhen Zamiatin died in 1937, his novel We remained unpublished in Russian, although it was available in several languages. Eventually, it was published in its original language by the Chekhov Publishing House in 1952. So, what manuscript was the basis for the Chekhov Publishing House edition of We? At the death of Zamiatin, his widow, Liudmila Zamiatina had two galley proofs. When Mikhail Kaprpovich, editor-in-chief of New Journal, had an interest in publishing the novel in 1949, Liudmila sent the galley prood to Gleb Struve for the publication in New Journal. And, according to the correspondence of Gleb Struve and Vera Aleksandrova, editor-in-chief of the Chekhov Publishing House, she received this galley proof from Mikhail Karpovich. Very likely, The Chekhov Publishing House edition of We was based on this galley proof. Meanwhile, the Chekhov Publishing House was a branch of the East European Fund subsidized by the Ford Foundation. And the East European Fund assisted the Community Integration Program's efforts to help the refugees from Soviet Bloc nations to get settled in the United States and supported research programs on the U.S.S.R. This fact reminds us of the case of Animal Farm. As Orwell mentioned in 1948, the American authorities seized about half the copies of his book Animal Farm in Ukrainian edition and handed them over to the Soviet repatriation camp. A Ukrainian translation of Animal Farm was made by the D.P. historian, Ihor Ševčenko and distributed to Ukrainian readers in the camps.

University of Missouri School of Medicine in Columbia

University of Missouri School of Medicine in Columbia

Influence of cognition and symptoms of schizophrenia on IADL performance

People with schizophrenia experience difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), which are required for independent living. Yet, factors that influence IADL performance are still poorly understood. Identification of such factors will contribute to the rehabilitation process and recovery. The present study aimed to examine the influence of cognitive abilities, schizophrenia symptoms, and demographic variables on IADL functioning during acute hospital admission. The participants were 81 adults with DSM-IV chronic schizophrenia. They were assessed on the Revised Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL-R), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (Cognistat), and the Kitchen Task Assessment (KTA) at acute hospitalization. The prediction model of IADL performance at this time consists of executive functioning (explained 21% of variance), memory and abstract thinking (explained 13.5%), negative symptoms (explained 13%), age of illness onset and years of education (explained 8%). The total explained variance is 53.5%. These results provide evidence-based guidelines for the evaluation process in inpatient settings. Such guidelines are important since planning of intervention processes and appropriate community integration programs often occurs during acute hospitalization, while the structured nature of inpatient settings limits natural variability in occupational performance.

Validity and reliability of the Community Integration Program Questionnaire

The Community Integration Program Questionnaire was developed to measure various quantifiable characteristics of community integration programs for people with brain injury. There are three versions: one for outpatient facility-based, one for residential and one for home programs. In this study questionnaires were administered to directors and associate directors of seven programs. A research assistant then went on-site to collect corresponding data using patient records, planning books and schedules, annual and quarterly reports, employee lists, staff curricula vitae, census data, insurance payment data, team meeting notes, incident reports, and staff logs. Matching criteria between questionnaire and on-site data were established before either was collected. The survey data matched data acquired on-site in 42.2, 56.4, and 56.8% of questions in the three versions, respectively. Interviewers and a second listener recorded the same information 91.5% of the time across seven program interviews. For two programs, comparisons between a Program Director and Program Coordinator yielded matches on 42.8 and 40.6% of questions, respectively. In conclusion, the Community Integration Program Questionnaire does not have acceptable construct validity and inter-rater reliability. Researchers requiring information about quantifiable characteristics of community integration programs should go on-site to collect the data.

Community Tenure of People With Serious Mental Illness in Assertive Community Treatment in Canada

This study followed consumers after admission to an assertive community treatment program to determine when the first hospital admission was more likely to occur, which variables predicted community tenure, and, more specifically, whether the availability of within-program hospital beds predicted community tenure. Data were gathered from three assertive community treatment programs in southeastern Ontario--the psychosocial rehabilitation program, the community integration program, and the assertive community treatment team program. Only the psychosocial rehabilitation program provided within-program beds. Hospital records of consumers who entered a program between July 1, 1990, and December 1, 1999, were examined prospectively until January 1, 2000, in order to record time to the first admission. Survival analysis based on the life-tables method was used to estimate the probability of remaining out of the hospital at 90-day intervals. Factors associated with time to admission were identified by using the Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 333 consumers were followed: 117 consumers in the psychosocial rehabilitation program, 105 in the community integration program, and 111 in the assertive community treatment team program. Findings indicated that consumers were most likely to be admitted to a hospital in the nine months after entering an assertive community treatment program. A diagnosis of substance use disorder, higher past hospital use, and the availability of within-program beds were associated with an increased risk of admission. Studies have shown that hospitalization remains a reality for many consumers and therefore warrants further study. The survival model proved advantageous by allowing a more complete and comparable description of consumers' hospitalization patterns that cannot be achieved with previously used methods, and it offered the power of regression analysis.

Characteristics of Residential Community Integration Programs for Adults With Brain Injury

To gather data on some quantifiable characteristics of residential community integration programs available to adults with brain injury. Directors, assistant directors, or coordinators of community integration programs for people with brain injury. MEASUREMENT TOOLS: The Community Integration Program Questionnaire (CIPQ). Nationwide telephone survey of 30 residential community integration programs between June 2002 and June 2003. There was tremendous variability in the areas of staffing, client, and programmatic characteristics. Staff-to-client ratio varied from 0.77 to 3.3. Lengths of stay ranged from 0.13 to 288 months. Times from injury to admission varied from 0.2 to 180 months. The considerable variability in characteristics of residential community integration programs for adults with brain injury presents significant challenges to researchers seeking to identify vital program components and to consumers attempting to compare programs.

Characteristics of home-based community integration programmes for adults with brain injury

Objectives: To conduct a nationwide telephone survey in order to gather data on some of the quantifiable characteristics of home-based community integration programmes available in the US to adults with brain injury.Design: Survey.Methods: The Community Integration Programme Questionnaire (CIPQ) was used to interview 13 home-based community integration programmes. This study then used descriptive statistics to analyse the characteristics of the programmes.Outcome: There was a good deal of variability in client and programmatic characteristics.Conclusions: There is considerable variability in characteristics among home-based community integration programmes.

Characteristics of Facility-based Community Integration Programs for People With Brain Injury

To conduct a nationwide telephone survey to gather data on some of the quantifiable characteristics of community integration programs available nationwide to adults with brain injury. The Community Integration Program Questionnaire was used to interview 49 outpatient facility-based community integration programs between June 2002 and June 2003. We then used descriptive statistics to analyze the characteristics of the programs. There was tremendous variability in the areas of staffing, client, and programmatic characteristics. There is considerable variability among programs with respect to quantifiable characteristics of facility-based community integration programs. Future studies should explore which characteristics affect outcomes.

Psychosocial Healing and Post-Conflict Social Reconstruction in the Former Yugoslavia

Post-conflict reconstruction encompasses social, physical and political reconstruction. Social reconstruction entails rebuilding the human interactions that allow a society to function. This involves the healing of psychological and social wounds of individuals and society. Psychosocial healing is a process to promote psychological and social health of individuals, families and community groups. The Medical Network for Social Reconstruction in the Former Yugoslavia has pioneered a broad range of psychosocial healing programmes including community-integration programmes, development of volunteer action, and training of professional and lay people to take part in psychosocial healing. These programmes have demonstrated that psychosocial healing can be an effective way to heal post-conflict societal trauma and contribute to rebuilding society with an improved quality of life.