Community Driven Development Approach Research Articles

EFFECT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE PROJECT ON WEALTH CREATION AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigates the impact of the Community Development Initiative (3i’s initiative) on wealth creation among rural households in Ondo State, Nigeria. The 3i’s initiative, focusing on Infrastructure, Institution, and Industry, aims to engage local communities in sustainable development projects. Using a community-driven development approach, the initiative ensures active participation from rural inhabitants in identifying and prioritizing their needs. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews across 12 communities within the state. Key findings reveal that infrastructural projects, such as water facilities and health centers, significantly enhance community wealth by reducing health expenses and saving time. Training programmes improve local capacity in project management and record-keeping, fostering a sense of ownership and accountability. However, the establishment of industries under the initiative has been limited, affecting the potential for large-scale economic transformation. Overall, the 3i’s initiative shows a moderate to high positive impact on community wealth, suggesting the necessity for continuous support and scaling of such development programmes to bridge the urban-rural economic gap effectively. The study recommends that there should be a synergy between government and community collaboration to ensure the sustainability and scalability of development projects in rural Nigeria.

Does the Community-Driven Development Approach Enhance Livelihoods? Evidence from Tanzania

This article determines the impact of the community-driven development (CDD) approach of the second phase of the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP II) on livelihood enhancement in Kwimba District, Tanzania. The paper specifically examines determinants and levels of participation; and the impact of participation in the CDD subprojects on income and asset accumulation, using a sample of 210 households. Data analysis employed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and thematic content analysis for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Findings indicate that education level, matching grants, and membership in community groups determine participation in the CDD subprojects. There is a moderate level of participation in the CDD subprojects stages. Findings further show that households participating in the CDD subprojects were found to earn 6% more income and own 10% more assets than their non-participating counterparts. It is recommended that policymakers design and implement context focused CDD subprojects for them to have impact. How to cite this article using ASWNet style Kisusi, F. L. & Ndesanjo, R. B. (2023). Does the Community-Driven Development Approach Enhance Livelihoods? Evidence from Tanzania. People centred – The Journal of Development Administration (JDA), 8(4), 103-112. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v8i4.2 Visit journal website: https://jda.africasocialwork.net

The Nutrition Awareness Family Education Movement (KADARZI) Towards An Independent Family For The People Of Jombok Village, Kec. Ngoro Jombang

The Nutrition Awareness Family (KADARZI) is a government program implemented to address nutritional problems. Families are expected to be able to independently realize good nutritional conditions to improve the health of mothers and children and their entire families. This community service aims to provide education and assistance to create healthy, independent and nutrition-aware families. The problems faced by partners in Jombok Village, Ngoro District, include ( 1). Lack of understanding of Family Independence in this case is the development of adolescent character so that it has an impact on adolescent behavior and nutrition, (2). Young Marriage and divorce are relatively high in 2020 to 2021; 3) Lack of Knowledge about Good Parenting for Toddlers, Teenagers and Pregnant Women. The method used in this service program is 1). with an asset based community driven development approach through education and mentoring that leads to the context of understanding and internalizing assets, potential, strength and utilization independently and optimally; 2). Discussions in the form of questions and answers but more precisely sharing experiences on how to instill and develop character in adolescents as well as family nutritional development. The results of this dedication are 1). Increased understanding of the role of the family (father/mother) as the embodiment of a healthy, independent family and a nutrition-aware family, (2) Increased understanding of the mindset and parenting pattern as well as the problems faced by adolescents as the embodiment of a healthy, independent and stunting-free family.

Artisanal Small-Scale Mining for sustainable livelihood in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

This research contains a significant new knowledge perspective on contextualizing sustainable development with Artisanal Small-Scale Mining (ASM). The study has explored the impacts of ASM on livelihood of both high- and low-income households by self-administering 150 questionnaires at household level in the Sumayar valley, Gilgit-Baltistan. The dynamic relationship between the variables was analysed through OLS regression. The study was backed through Sustainable Livelihood Framework and Community Driven Development approach. The study's findings indicated that ASM positively impacts sustainable livelihood, where high-income households were found more sustainable in terms of their livelihoods' enhancement than low-income households. Alarmingly, 85% of the local community disregard the existent adverse impacts of mining on the natural environment, including air pollution. The research study points towards evolving and embracing the local stakeholders for sustained development of the area and generating more revenue for the government.

Diversifikasi Produk Olahan Jamur Tiram untuk Menunjang Perekonomian Masyarakat di Kabupaten Jember

The Stimulus Community Partnership Program (SCPP) activities aims to support oyster mushroom farmers in Jember by improving skills and knowledge for diversifying oyster mushroom processing, building networks and markets, stimulating capital, and improving business managerial which are the main problems of partners in developing their businesses and economies. The SCPP activity method uses capacity building with a community driven development approach which is based on activities that are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor in the context of added value products and oyster mushroom business management including marketing to increase income and partner economy. The results of SCPP are in the form of improving partners' skills in processing oyster mushrooms into 5 prospective products that are needed by the market. In addition, increasing skills in business management starting from planning, organizing partne r members, evaluating product quality, simple bookkeeping, opening online/offline market access as well as strengthening capital in the procurement of production infrastructure are the next outputs of the service activities carried out. This program has been able to solve partner problems in improving the skills of diversifying oyster mushroom processing into processed products that have high prospects in the market. Improved business management and access to new markets, especially online, as well as injections of capital into fresh energy for partners and members to develop their businesses and economies.

(Mis)Conceptualising Empowerment: Flaws in Community-driven Development Project Design

Development institutions have adopted models of community development that prioritise empowerment. However, many of these models have transformed a collective, process-oriented understanding of empowerment into one that focuses on individual outcomes and results all too often in project failure. This article presents a case study of a World Bank community-driven development (CDD) project implemented in agrarian settlements in north-eastern Brazil. Using mixed methods, the article finds that because this CDD approach failed to conceptualise power differences, stemming from education, income and the rural–urban divide, it overlooked the disadvantage marginalised communities would have when interacting with technical agencies and soliciting contractors. The power differences created by these inequities enabled those very technical agencies and contractors intended to support CDD subprojects to take advantage of participant communities through providing low-quality services and products. The project also failed to provide quality technical assistance for a duration sufficient to develop the skills community members required to carry out successful, productive subprojects. These findings suggest that CDD projects need to incorporate a broader conception of empowerment that addresses group-level power differences to transform the relations between participants and those on whom they depend, and thereby contribute to project success.

Sustainable beekeeping, community driven-development, and tri-sector solutions with impact

Purpose As the Academy for Business in Society considers the theme “Business in Society: Measuring Impact and Creating Change,” one fundamental question emerges and that is how to collaborate with universities to create positive impact and sustainable business models. The purpose of this paper is to address that question and offer one apt illustration for how to collaborate effectively across sectors. Design/methodology/approach This paper offers a case study of the Honey Bee Initiative (HBI) from George Mason University’s School of Business. Findings In this case study, the authors discuss the Initiative’s tri-sector domestic and global partnerships, community-driven development approach and innovative solutions as an exemplar of business as a force for good. Originality/value This paper provides unique insight into how universities can partner with non-profits, business and policy leaders to effect positive change. As such, the HBI program contributes to the growing body of research on the benefits of tri-sector partnership models as a means of addressing global goals and provides a valuable case study to understand better the necessity of multi-stakeholder partnerships. Moreover, the HBI’s tri-sector partnership model offers important insights into what makes these partnerships successful and serves as a replicable model that can be instituted in other regions around the globe.

The Socio-economic Effect of Community-Driven Development in Conflict-affected Regions: Evidence from Cambodia

Community-driven development (CDD) has become increasingly common approach used by mul-tilateral development banks, governments, and NGOs to address the needs of the poor local communities in developing countries. CDD is characterized by the approach of giving control of decision and resources to the local community. CDD approaches are particularly prominent in conflict-affected communities which enables local community to regain sense of social cohesion and to restore livelihood. While much of literature focused on documenting the challenges and benefits of CDD approach in conflict affected context, what is yet to be established is whether CDD in conflict affected context can generate change in social and economic outcomes. Thus, this paper explores whether or not community-driven development (CDD) project af-fects a villages social capital and economic outcomes in post-conflict Cambodia. We compare the impact of CDD by looking at data from two rounds of surveys (baseline and endline). The results indicate that the project significantly strengthens the capacity of self-reliance, especially in vulnerable groups such as low-income, less educated and ethnic and religious minority house-holds. However, CDD was shown to have very limited impact on improving economic condition. Although the project slightly increases the household monthly income, the CDD project does not generate remarkable changes in community-level economic conditions. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains the historical background of Cambodia and the unique features of this CDD project. Section 3 describes the intervention and data collec-tion. Section 4 outlines the estimation models used in the analysis. In Section 5, we present the results of the program and explain their implications.

IMPACT ANALYSIS OF FADAMA III PROJECT IN GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

This study evaluates the impact of Fadama III project in Gombe State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 beneficiaries and 120 non beneficiaries of Fadama III project. Data were collected using structural questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage change was used to estimate the changes between each period of evaluation) and combination of propensity score matching (PSM) and double difference (DD) estimator to determine average treatment effect (ATE) on project beneficiaries. The result shows that, the value of productive assets increase by 50.18%. The result further shows that income of beneficiaries increased by 51.21% (baseline-midline) and 95.84% (baseline-midline) meaning that Fadama project III has superseded it target of 40% of 75% of all beneficiaries. The overall result indicated that there was a substantial increase in the productivities of both the crop and livestock sub-sectors which increase male and female houselod income by 61% and 33% respectively. Fadama III beneficiaries’ access to extension advisory services contributed to agricultural productivity and income by 10% at baseline, 44% at midline compared to 58% increase contribution in the endline evaluation. Therefore it can be concluded that Fadama III project impacted positively both the intermediate and ultimate target of the project have been adequately met. There is the need for the policy makers/ authorities to consider community-driven development approach for Fadama III project meant to benefit the rural communities more.

The Existence of Local Wisdom in the World Bank Post-Earthquake Assistance Implementation in West Sumatra

This research concludes that the development success which used the Community Driven Development (CDD) approach such as PNPM Mandiri (National Program for Community Empowerment) is influenced by local wisdom in each region. The CDD approach focuses on the active participation of society’s various elements which aims to empower and increase the independence of the community in achieving welfare. The West Sumatran local wisdom is the traditional Minangkabau philosophy of ‘adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah ', highlighting the valued relation between traditions, religion, and the holy book of the Quran. The strong integration of the Minangkabau community’s social order with this philosophy creates its own participation characteristics which become the basis for the CDD approach development implementation. By using qualitative research methods, with in-depth interview techniques and purposive sampling, this study discovered dualism that contradicted the synergy of customary principles and the CDD approach: the World Bank's development approach normatively aligned with the Minangkabau traditional philosophy values, however, this conformity is counterproductive to the achievement of post-disaster community empowerment goals.

Measuring the Level of Community Participation in a Demand Driven Development Project: Case of <i>Hazina Ya Maendeleo Ya Pwani</i> Approach in Coastal Kenya

While active participation of beneficiary communities in development initiatives is often considered critical, its value however, cannot be empirically determined without a good measure of the level of community participation. The objective of this study was to determine the level of community participation in the implementation of projects financed through a community grant facility referred in Kiswahili as Hazina Ya Maendeleo Ya Pwani (HMP). The HMP project adopted a Community Driven Development (CDD) approach in engaging coastal communities in development initiatives. The research was carried out at the Kenya coastal region comprising six counties namely, Mombasa, Taita Taveta, Kwale, Kilifi, Lamu and Tana River. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive (frequencies, standard deviation and mean) with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The study revealed that there was a high (2.81) Community Participation Index (COPI) in the overall implementation of the HMP projects signifying a high level of participation. There was a relatively lower COPI during proposal development stage—an indication of lack of skill in proposal development probably due to the high illiteracy level among coastal communities. The study concludes that the CDD approach is effective in actively engaging communities in the implementation of development initiatives. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the CDD approach can be used to develop contextualized strategies of enhancing community participation in development projects. The study also recommends that to optimize community participation in development initiatives, the twin challenge of high levels of illiteracy and inadequate skill in proposal writing among coastal communities needs to be addressed by the County Governments, Non Governmental Organizations and other agencies involved in development work.

Effects of Demographic Factors on Risk Management in Community Driven Development Projects in Sri Lanka: A Preliminary Study Based on 'Gemidiriya' Project

Livelihood development of poor households has been addressed through various approaches in Sri Lanka since independence. Some of these approaches have successfully addressed the issues and fulfilled the requirements of the poor households in the country. However, expectation of the poor community may change due to changing pattern of their livelihoods and needs. Community Driven Development (CDD) is the newest approach implemented for addressing these changing issues in rural areas in Sri Lanka. Though this approach is an extension of the Community Based Development process, the methods of implementation of it is different. As suggested in the literature, one of the important aspects is that project managers need to consider particularly the risk component of projects. However, this aspect is significantly lacking as far as both approaches are concerned. Sri Lanka spends a large sum of money per annum for livelihood development programmes. The outcome of such programmes depend on the capacity and the demographic factors of the rural organizations that take the responsibility of implementing such programmes. Accordingly, this paper aims at examining the effect of demographic factors on the nature of risk management of CDD projects in Sri Lanka. The results of this study will provide a background for future researchers related to similar risk management issues. This will be an eye opener to policy makers and planners alike for formulating policies and plans for livelihood development of the country. Objectives of the study are to identify the relationship between various demographic factors of people concerned and their tendency towards and nature of project risk management. “Gemidiriya”, which has applied CDD approach in Sri Lanka, was selected as the research site. Data were collected from project village organization leaders using a pre-tested questionnaire which includes primarily the Likert-scaled questions. Descriptive statistics and a detailed correlation analysis were used to identify the relationships. Accordingly gender, age, level of education and experience seem to be significant demographic factors determining the nature of project risks. Also we found that the village organizations leaders are expected to face financial risk in particular despite the fact that such grass root level organizations consist of well-known neighbours as organization members.

Community Driven Development and Structural Disadvantage: Interrogating the Social Turn in Development Programming in Indonesia

Community-driven development (CDD) programmes have emerged on a large scale in the Global South following research and policy work regarding social capital, capabilities and empowerment. This paper analyses one of the largest international examples of the ‘social’ turn, examining the effects of the CDD approach in governmental, structural and relational terms. While the CDD approach successfully generated new political rationalities and governmental technologies, the ability of development programming driven by social capital concepts to empower marginalised sections of society remains in question. The ambiguities associated with CDD outcomes indicate the contradictions at the heart of social capital debate.

RESOURCE UTILIZATION EFFECTS OF FADAMA III UNDER RAINY SEASON AND DRY SEASON WATER MELON (Citrullus lanatus) PRODUCTION IN GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

The study was conducted in Gombe State, Nigeria to examine the impact of Fadama III project on resource utilization under rainy season and dry season water melon production. A combination of stratified and simple random sampling was used to draw up the 308 respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (difference-in-difference and efficiency ratios) were used to analyze the data. The results reveal that estimated marginal value product(MVP) of land (NGN 20.60), seeds (NGN 29.62), organic chemicals (NGN33.00) and fuel (NGN13.33) were higher than their respective marginal input cost (MIC) for beneficiaries of Fadama III project meaning that their r > 1 (underutilization) because of the limited access to farm resource faced by farmers. For the non-beneficiaries group, the MVP of land (NGN28.28), seeds (NGN26.30), organic chemicals (NGN30.46) and fuel (NGN20.41) were higher than their corresponding MIC implying that a 1% increase in either variable will lead to an increase of the corresponding total value product. It was further disclosed that the average mean total area contribution to output by Fadama III beneficiaries was 41.7 tons/ha valued at NGN10,121.0 per ton compared with the non-beneficiaries water melon farmers in rainy season with average mean total area contribution to output of 27.1tons/ha valued at NGN1,733.0 per ton. In dry season, it was 100.7 tons/ha valued at NGN 1,812.0 per ton for beneficiaries compared with total area contribution to output of 70.8tons/ha valued at NGN425.0 per ton for non-beneficiaries. This signifies that the beneficiaries were better off than the non-beneficiaries in both rainy and dry season farming in terms of total plot area cultivation. The findings, even though, shows a moderate substitution existed between family and hired labour, in the study area, family labour was more economical to use by Fadama III beneficiaries rainy season.In terms of non-crop activities, the demand for hired labour was elastic. A 45% increase in value addition was also reported with expected increase in the respondent’s income through reduction of post-harvest losses. The study recommends that farmers in the study area should be allowed to have increased access to farm land through community-driven land certification approach and more processing technologies through community-driven development approach.

Local and Community Driven Development approach in the provision of basic facilities in Jos, Nigeria

Over the last decade, the government of Nigeria has introduced the concept of Local and Community Driven Development (LCDD) in the provision of physical and social infrastructure. The LCDD approach is adopted in Nigeria as a response strategy for tackling infrastructural deficiency in slum settlements. The use of this approach is becoming increasingly popular in Nigerian cities but there is limited empirical research to examine the key issues that influence project outcomes at the local level. This study fills this gap by presenting a case study from the experience of implementing physical and social infrastructure projects in the city of Jos. The project research adopts a case study strategy to examine the financial and administrative arrangement for the implementation of infrastructure projects. Primary data was collected through interviews with officers selected from the institutions that play relevant roles in urban development and housing provision in Jos. The interview data was then examined alongside the secondary source material collected. The findings suggest that: the decentralisation of administrative roles from central to local level impacted positively on the implementation of projects; the partnership between government and International Development Agencies promoted success in the funding of projects; and it is the political endorsement of the partnerships that gives the LCDD approach some legitimacy in Jos. However, the local bureaucratic system in Jos is side-lined in favour of newly created autonomous implementation agencies and the indigenous financial institutions are not involved. These flaws appear to create redundancy in the existing bureaucratic system and also threaten the sustainability of the LCDD in Jos. On the basis of these findings, recommendations for improvement are made.

Level of Participation of Community-Driven Development Approach Beneficiaries of World Bank Assisted Projects in South Western Nigeria

This study, examined level of participation of community-driven development approach beneficiaries of World Bank assisted projects in south western Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of two hundred and forty six participants each of Fadama and CSDP projects respectively making a pooled total of four hundred and ninety two (492) respondents for the study. Firstly, two States from the Southwest of Nigeria were purposively selected. These were Oyo and Osun states. Secondly, fifteen percent of Local government areas in each State were randomly selected. Finally, 25% of membership of each of the selected community associations was chosen. This resulted to 246 respondents each in respect of Fadama and CSDP and a pooled figure of four hundred and ninety two respondents were chosen for the purpose of this study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Most (64%) of the respondents had secondary education. The respondent are far from their community to their meeting place, and 63.8% do not own vehicle. Fadama participants, participation in choice of project site ranked top with the mean of 1.94 while CSDP participants, participation in sensitization for community project take off (1.72) ranked 1. Farmers should be encouraged to participate sensitization and choice of projects, this will enhance the performance of such projects.

Community-driven development as a driver of change: water supply and sanitation projects in rural Punjab, Pakistan

This paper examines the question: how effective is a community driven development (CDD) approach to rural water supply? Some theoretical advantages of CDD approaches include: (1) community choices are more attuned to local needs; (2) sustainable O&M is more likely; (3) social capital is built; (4) more participation yields better oversight and less corruption; and (5) communities become active partners in development, itself a worthy objective. Using quantitative and qualitative data from a water supply and sanitation project in Punjab, Pakistan, the study finds that the CDD approach, consistent with expectations, has done well in extending water supply, drainage, and sanitation coverage to the poor rural communities, and demonstrated outcomes that are only achievable through CDD—including water tariff and cultural changes. The project was also effective in promoting local participation and ownership, particularly by women's groups, and is therefore likely to have sustainable operation and maintenance (O & M). This study uncovers two dimensions of CDD in water and sanitation as means to an end: political reform, by proposing implementation strategies of decentralisation; and cultural reform, by providing an approach to break cultural barriers.

Community-Driven Development as Drivers of Change: Water Supply and Sanitation Projects in Rural Punjab, Pakistan

This paper examines the question: how effective is a community driven development (CDD) approach to rural water supply? Some theoretical advantages of CDD approaches include: 1) community choices are more attuned to local needs; 2) sustainable OM 3) social capital is built; 4) more participation yields better oversight and less corruption; and 5) communities become active partners in development, itself a worthy objective. Using quantitative and qualitative data from a water supply and sanitation project in Punjab, Pakistan, the study finds that the CDD approach, consistent with expectations, had done well in extending water supply, drainage, and sanitation coverage to the poor rural communities, and demonstrated outcomes that are only achievable through CDD – including water tariff and cultural changes. The project was also effective in promoting local participation and ownership, particularly by women’s groups, and is therefore likely to have sustainable operation and maintenance (O & M). This study uncovers two dimensions of CDD in water and sanitation as means to an end: political reform, by proposing implementation strategies of decentralisation; and cultural reform, by providing the approach to break cultural barriers.

Impact of selected Rural Development Programmes on Poverty Alleviation in Ikwuano LGA, Abia State, Nigeria

Rural development is a veritable tool for fighting poverty and achieving economic prosperity at the grassroots level. The concept of rural development embraced by most countries connotes a process through which rural poverty is alleviated by sustained increases in the productivity and incomes of low – income workers and households. The major thrust of this study was to examine the impact of selected rural development programmes in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. The area under study was purposively selected because of its agricultural potential, high proportion of farmers as well as concentration of agricultural institutions. The selection of programmes for the study was impinged on their long years of existence. The study sought to determine the number of available rural development programmes with poverty alleviation objectives in the area; assess the extent of awareness and participation of rural people in the programmes; and examine the impact of the programmes on farmers’ income, farm size, production and productivity. Multi – stage random sampling method was employed in the selection of communities and respondents. A well-structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses on socio – economic characteristics and other relevant variables from a random sample of 160 respondents comprising beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries from Ikwuano local government of Abia state, Nigeria. The results showed that the rural development programmes which had poverty alleviation objectives impacted significantly on productivity and farm income at 5 percent level of probability. Awareness was perceptibly high while participation was more in Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), with an overwhelmingly percentage representation of about 79, than in others. Programme planners and implementers are therefore urged to intensify awareness creation among rural dwellers and adopt the use of community driven development approach (CDD) in the execution of rural development projects with poverty alleviation thrust. Government, at all levels, was advised to adopt price support policy that raises income of producers.