Community Development Team Research Articles

A Peer-Supported School Engagement Intervention for Youth with Attention Problems: Development and Implementation

Youth with attention problems are at increased risk for school disengagement (Booster et al., JAD 16:179–189, 2012; DuPaul & Langberg, in: Barkley (ed), Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment, Guilford, New York, 2014), which portends risk for poor outcomes (Bond et al., JAH 40:357.e9–357, 2007; Carter et al., JA 30:51–62, 2007; Fredricks et al., RER 74:59–109, 2004). Interventions that target school engagement may benefit from peer delivery because peers are widely available in schools and potentially more credible than adults. In this study, a peer-supported school-based school engagement intervention for middle school students with attention problems, Together Engaging and Achieving Meaningfully (TEAM) was developed with educators and students. In initial development (Study One), community development team meetings with partners (N = 9 school staff and students) were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes used to refine TEAM. In Study Two, a single-case pilot with one student with attention problems and one peer coach was conducted. Measures of fidelity, attendance, acceptability, and satisfaction were collected. Results were used to refine TEAM. Then in pilot implementation (Study Three), a non-randomized pilot was conducted with 10 fifth- through seventh-grade students with attention problems (n = 6 in the intervention group) and six eighth-grade coaches. Measures of fidelity, attendance, acceptability, satisfaction, and clinician-required time for implementation were collected. Cohen’s d mean difference effect sizes were calculated between and within groups over implementation. Feedback from partners highlighted barriers and aspects that were acceptable and feasible. Results from implementation suggested high attendance, high coach fidelity with revised implementation support, and low clinician-required time. Lessons learned and avenues for future development and research are discussed.

Waste Management Awareness Education for Elementary School Teachers and Students; the Implementation of Sustainable Environmental Education

In fact, awareness of waste management is still low in Nagari Tanjung Balik, Solok Regency. Based on initial observations, it is known that students at Nagari Tanjung Balik Elementary School do not yet have awareness of waste management. Furthermore, even though since 2022, Nagari Tanjung Balik has had a Waste Bank under the guidance of Universitas Negeri Padang Community Development Team, there has been no contribution from the total of five elementary schools in Nagari Tanjung Balik to the Waste Bank. This is of course not in line with the Nagari Tanjung Balik program which has attempted to intensify waste management in order to create a sustainable environment. Therefore, the solution offered is to provide education to elementary school students who are members of the KKG Cluster III Tanjung Balik Elementary School, X Koto Above District regarding waste management.

Strengthening Early Childhood Literacy Through Storytelling Activities

Abstract. The early childhood literacy strengthening program through storytelling activities is aimed at supporting the basic fundamental quality of early childhood in Kindergarten. The object of this program is a Kindergarten of 'Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal (ABA) Ngentak, Pringinan, Tirtorahayu, Galur, Kulon Progo. Preliminary observations indicate the need to improve the quality of fundamental literacy through structured and measured storytelling activities. Therefore, the community development team strengthened fundamental literacy through storytelling activities using Gagne's event instructional design to focus students on storytelling activities. Afterward, students will be brought to discuss the stories and followed up with developing activities in the form of structured individual and class projects. Pre-test and post-test are given before and after the implementation of the storytelling activities targeting the components of alphabet knowledge, print awareness, and students' socio-emotional skills. The result shows that this program succeeded in improving the socio-emotional skills of students. This program has also succeeded in increasing students' interest in the letters of the alphabet and the print words listed in the book.

Humic Acid Aplication in Catfish Farming Using Bucket System in Muncul Fish Farm, Banyuwangi, Indonesia

In Banyuwangi, Indonesia, where the vast potential of natural resources remains largely untapped optimally, the community partnership program (CPP) was introduced to enhance freshwater fish production, with a specific focus on catfish farming in the Muncul fish farm. The region's catfish production, the largest among consumer fish commodities, had been hampered by traditional and semi-intensive methods, limited facilities, disease risks, and uncertain market conditions. To address these challenges, the CPP employed a participatory approach, fostering a close relationship between the community development team and partner groups. Through scientific problem-solving discussions, valuable input from partners, and active participation in decision-making, catfish farmers were empowered. The central innovation of applying humic acid in a bucket fish farming system significantly improved catfish productivity and profitability. As a result, partners gained knowledge and skills in intensive bucket fish farming, substantially increasing their productivity and income. To further expand the benefits of this program, promoting urban farming concepts, especially the bucket fish farming system, should be encouraged to engage more individuals with limited space in small-scale aquaculture for food security and income generation.

The Utilization of Technology in Corporate Social Responsibility Activities: A Case Study of Sido Muncul's Shared Value Program in Sambirata Village during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sido Muncul Company produces modern herbal medicines and has adopted the concept of creating shared value (CSV) to synergize community empowerment with their core business. They implemented a CSV program called Desa Rempah, which focuses on the potential of Sambirata Village's cardamom commodity. This study examines the utilization of technology in their CSV activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research utilized qualitative case study methods to gather primary and secondary data from various stakeholders, including companies, public relations officers, community development teams, and local leaders, to gain insights into implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities by PT Sido Muncul in Sambirata Village. The case study approach allowed for a subjective perspective on social reality and used theoretical propositions to generalize findings. The CSV program, Desa Rempah, addresses the company's need for raw materials and the farmer group's issues in processing cardamom. The COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to CSV implementation. Still, the company adapted through digital transformations and prioritized the local community's efficiency and effectiveness in developing CSV activities with BumDes (Village Owned Enterprises) Sambirata. Sido Muncul's strategy for CSV activities involves social mapping research and collaboration with stakeholders, including government and Bumdes Sambirata, to create shared value through innovations and efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the company collaborated with millennial farmers to overcome obstacles and increase farmers' independence, leading to higher-value dried cardamom and increased income for the farmer group.

Pencegahan Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Jamu Saintifik bagi Warga Kecamatan Wonokromo Surabaya

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the pancreas not being able to produce enough insulin so that glucose levels in the blood cannot be controlled. Symptoms of this disease are characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that ranks 7th in the world's cause of death and Indonesia is a country with diabetes which is ranked 4th in the world. Prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus patients can be done through various efforts, one of which is traditional herbal medicine. Therefore, the community development team held a training event for preparation scientific herbs in the context of preventing diabetes mellitus for residents of Wonokromo Surabaya. The results showed that there was an increase in public understanding about the dangers of diabetes mellitus with an increase in the average value from 45% to 90% and an increase in skills in preparation scientific herbal medicine from 40% to 95%. So it can be concluded that this activity brings very good benefits for the residents of Wonokromo Surabaya.

PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA SMK 3 KOTA SEMARANG MENGENAI PENYELENGGARAAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK

The law is basically a reflection of human rights that is no longer seen as a mere defense but also a protection of citizens. This regulatory product will protect citizens. In fact, children cannot protect themselves from various words of loss, mental and social and in various lives. Based on KPA data for regions in Central Java Province as many as 957 cases of child protection occurred in the period 2011-2016. Of the 8 child protection clusters, the 4 highest rankings consist of 135 cases of advanced children with the law, 81 cases of family and alternative education, 5 cases of health and napza and 49 cases of education. According to dp3akb data of Central Java Province in August 2020 there were 76 cases of children. Meanwhile, data on DP3A in Semarang in 2019 reached 5 cases. Based on the above thoughts and data, we as a Community Development Team feel that there needs to be real action through legal counseling activities on child protection in the Semarang area, namely SMK 3 Semarang Berbed this can be formulated problems in this community loving activity is to raise students smk 3 Semarang about Child Protection City. This Community Detractor activity is conducted by pre-test method, lectures, discussions, QaA and post test. In this activity, smk 3 students obtain information and information about child protection. The results of this activity have, before the activity, smk 3 students have not understood and understood, and after counseling smk 3 students increased insights on child protection services, it is terbib he well understood from the general 40 participants by 53.07%. Keywords: Organizing, Protection, Children .

PEMBANGUNAN JALAN MAKAM RT. 01 RW.05 DESA KEDUNGLEPER KECAMATAN BANGSRI KABUPATEN JEPARA

Community service activities by lecturers and students of the Civil Engineering study program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Islamic University of NahdlatulUlamaJepara at RT. 01 RW. 05 Kedungleper Village, Bangsri District is the construction of a concrete road (rigid pavement) to the tomb along 28 m, 3 m wide, and 0.12 m thick. Activities carried out include planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The planning carried out by this community service team together with the village and community development team made drawings and RABs to be submitted to the village development planning deliberations. The implementation is carried out after approval of the proposal given by involving community assistance (community self-help) in 2 parts according to the day. On the first day there were 16 people doing self-help and on the second day there were 16 people. During the implementation process, the quality of work produced is carried out so that the results obtained are of good quality according to the plan.

Moving Toward an Evidence‐based Family and Community‐based Approach to Improve the Lives of Children and Young People Who Have Experienced Abuse and Neglect

The Their Futures Matter reform is the New South Wales (NSW) Government's coordinated approach and long‐term strategy for how we support vulnerable children and families. In 2016, funding was provided to implement two evidence‐based models – Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect (MST‐CAN®) and Functional Family Therapy – Child Welfare (FFTCW®). Both models target the causes of harm and respond to trauma and other underlying causes of child abuse and neglect. They are delivered by teams of practitioners in the family home and community (a departure from the way most interventions are normally delivered), and provide intensive home‐based services aimed at keeping families together. To span the gap between science and practice in the delivery of MST‐CAN® and FFT‐CW®, implementation is supported through a partnership between government and intermediaries supporting service providers. With the guidance of a New York (NY)‐based organisation, The New York Foundling, these intermediaries apply the Community Development Team model, an implementation strategy that uses an evidence‐based implementation approach to introduce treatment models that are themselves informed by evidence, which helps increase the likelihood of sustained treatment success. Experience across the globe, however, indicates that investment in evidence‐based approaches is not enough to secure successful outcomes for families and communities. The NSW Government is also investing in other measures aimed at addressing a range of common implementation barriers such as staff training and retention, identification of suitable families, and cultural competence. The latter is critical given the over‐representation of Aboriginal children and young people in child protection and the out‐of‐home‐care system. Over a three‐year period, evidence will be collected of this investment's impact on child and family outcomes, and on implementation support. This paper will discuss how the partnership processes of working more flexibly with service providers, families, and communities can lead to enhanced outcomes.

Measuring collaboration and communication to increase implementation of evidence-based practices: the cultural exchange inventory

The Cultural Exchange Inventory (CEI) is a 15-item instrument designed to measure the process (7 items) and outcomes (8 items) of exchanges of knowledge, attitudes and practices between members of different organisations collaborating in implementing evidence-based practice. We conducted principal axis factor analyses and parallel analyses of data describing exchanges with intermediary organisations, treatment developers, other agencies in the same county, and agencies in other counties of 105 leaders of county youth-serving systems in California and Ohio participating in a randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of community development teams in scaling up the use of an evidence-based practice for treatment of youth in foster care. The CEI scale demonstrates strong internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity, and shows potential in understanding the role of cultural exchanges in evidence-based practice implementation.

Use of research evidence and implementation of evidence-based practices in youth-serving systems

Although the effectiveness of interventions for prevention and treatment of mental health and behavioral problems in abused and neglected youth is demonstrated through the accumulation of evidence through rigorous and systematic research, it is uncertain whether use of research evidence (URE) by child-serving systems leaders increases the likelihood of evidence- based practice (EBP) implementation and sustainment. Information on URE was collected from 151 directors and senior administrators of child welfare, mental health and juvenile justice systems in 40 California and 11 Ohio counties participating in an RCT of the use of community development teams (CDTs) to scale up implementation of Treatment Foster Care Oregon over a 3year period (2010−12). Separate multivariate models were used to assess independent effects of evidence acquisition (input), evaluation (process), application (output), and URE in general (SIEU Total) on two measures of EBP implementation, highest stage reached and proportion of activities completed at pre-implementation, implementation and sustainment phases. Stage of implementation and proportion of activities completed in the implementation and sustainment phases were independently associated with acquisition of evidence and URE in general. Participation in CDTs was significantly associated with URE in general and acquisition of research evidence in particular. Implementation of EBPs for treatment of abused and neglected youth does appear to be associated with use of research evidence, especially during the later phases.

Evaluation of two implementation strategies in 51 child county public service systems in two states: results of a cluster randomized head-to-head implementation trial.

BackgroundMuch is to be learned about what implementation strategies are the most beneficial to communities attempting to adopt evidence-based practices. This paper presents outcomes from a randomized implementation trial of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) in child public service systems in California and Ohio, including child welfare, juvenile justice, and mental health.MethodsFifty-one counties were assigned randomly to one of two different implementation strategies (Community Development Teams (CDT) or independent county implementation strategy (IND)) across four cohorts after being matched on county characteristics. We compared these two strategies on implementation process, quality, and milestone achievements using the Stages of Implementation Completion (SIC) (Implement Sci 6(1):1–8, 2011).ResultsA composite score for each county, combining the final implementation stage attained, the number of families served, and quality of implementation, was used as the primary outcome. No significant difference between CDT and IND was found for the composite measure. Additional analyses showed that there was no evidence that CDT increased the proportion of counties that started-up programs (i.e., placed at least one family in MTFC). For counties that did implement MTFC, those in the CDT condition served over twice as many youth during the study period as did IND. Of the counties that successfully achieved program start-up, those in the CDT condition completed the implementation process more thoroughly, as measured by the SIC. We found no significant differences by implementation condition on the time it took for first placement, achieving competency, or number of stages completed.ConclusionsThis trial did not lead to higher rates of implementation or faster implementation but did provide evidence for more robust implementation in the CDT condition compared to IND implementation once the first family received MTFC services. This trial was successful from a design perspective in that no counties dropped out, even though this study took place during an economic recession. We believe that this methodologic approach of measurement utilizing the SIC, which is comprised of the three dimensions of quality, quantity, and timing, is appropriate for a wide range of implementation and translational studies.Trial registrationTrial ID: NCT00880126 (ClinicalTrials.gov).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0134-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Influence network linkages across implementation strategy conditions in a randomized controlled trial of two strategies for scaling up evidence-based practices in public youth-serving systems.

BackgroundGiven the importance of influence networks in the implementation of evidence-based practices and interventions, it is unclear whether such networks continue to operate as sources of information and advice when they are segmented and disrupted by randomization to different implementation strategy conditions. The present study examines the linkages across implementation strategy conditions of social influence networks of leaders of youth-serving systems in 12 California counties participating in a randomized controlled trial of community development teams (CDTs) to scale up use of an evidence-based practice.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 directors, assistant directors, and program managers of county probation, mental health, and child welfare departments. A web-based survey collected additional quantitative data on information and advice networks of study participants. A mixed-methods approach to data analysis was used to create a sociometric data set (n = 176) to examine linkages between treatment and standard conditions.ResultsOf those network members who were affiliated with a county (n = 137), only 6 (4.4%) were directly connected to a member of the opposite implementation strategy condition; 19 (13.9%) were connected by two steps or fewer to a member of the opposite implementation strategy condition; 64 (46.7%) were connected by three or fewer steps to a member of the opposite implementation strategy condition. Most of the indirect steps between individuals who were in different implementation strategy conditions were connections involving a third non-county organizational entity that had an important role in the trial in keeping the implementation strategy conditions separate. When these entities were excluded, the CDT network exhibited fewer components and significantly higher betweenness centralization than did the standard condition network.ConclusionAlthough the integrity of the RCT in this instance was not compromised by study participant influence networks, RCT designs should consider how influence networks may extend beyond boundaries established by the randomization process in implementation studies.Trial registrationNCT00880126

The cost of implementing new strategies (COINS): A method for mapping implementation resources using the stages of implementation completion

ObjectiveIllustrate the value of a strategy used for measuring the costs and resources used in the implementation process over and above the costs of the intervention itself in the context of a two-arm randomized controlled trial. MethodsCounties in California and Ohio (sites) were invited to implement Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC), an alternative to congregate care for youth. Participating sites (n=53) were randomized to one of two implementation strategies, (1) Community Development Teams (CDT) where sites share information and move through the implementation process as a cohort facilitated by an MTFC purveyor or (2) Individual Implementation (IND: “as usual”) where sites work individually with the MTFC purveyor. The implementations were monitored using the Stages of Implementation Completion (SIC) measure of a number of observable activities, developed as part of the trial to segment the implementation process into 8 stages of implementation. Resource data gathered from the implementation purveyors and site participants were used to map costs onto each of the 8 stages to generate total cost measures stratified by type of resource and stage of implementation for each of the study arms. ResultsThe SIC provided a feasible costing template to map costs onto observable activities and to enable the examination of important differences in implementation strategies for an evidence-based practice. The average total implementation cost prior to program start-up of CDT was $133,106; IND costs $118,699. While CDT costs more in a number of stages, it resulted in fewer county staff hours being used and shorter mean times to implementation than IND. In cases where rapidity of implementation of reducing staff time required for implementation is valued, then CDT would be the preferable implementation approach. ConclusionsThe SIC is a useful tool for determining implementation resources needed for new evidence-based practice programs for youth and particularly for comparing different implementation strategies that might be tried in pilot programs.

Supporting Implementation: The Role of Community Development Teams to Build Infrastructure

Evidence-based methods for assisting consumers, such as counties, in successfully implementing practices are lacking in the field of implementation science. To fill this gap, the Community Development Teams (CDT) approach was developed to assist counties in developing peer networks focused on problem-solving and resource sharing to enhance their possibility of successful implementation. The CDT is an interactive, solution-focused approach that shares many elements of the Interactive Systems Framework (ISF) for Dissemination and Implementation. An ongoing randomized implementation trial of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) was designed to test the hypothesis that such interactive implementation methods are more successful at helping counties achieve successful and sustainable MTFC programs than standard individualized implementation methods. Using the Stages of Implementation Completion measure, developed for this study, the potential benefit of these interactive methods is examined at different stages of the implementation process ranging from initial engagement to program competency.

Observational measure of implementation progress in community based settings: the Stages of Implementation Completion (SIC).

BackgroundAn increasingly large body of research is focused on designing and testing strategies to improve knowledge about how to embed evidence-based programs (EBP) into community settings. Development of strategies for overcoming barriers and increasing the effectiveness and pace of implementation is a high priority. Yet, there are few research tools that measure the implementation process itself. The Stages of Implementation Completion (SIC) is an observation-based measure that is used to track the time to achievement of key implementation milestones in an EBP being implemented in 51 counties in 53 sites (two counties have two sites) in two states in the United States.MethodsThe SIC was developed in the context of a randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of two implementation strategies: community development teams (experimental condition) and individualized implementation (control condition). Fifty-one counties were randomized to experimental or control conditions for implementation of multidimensional treatment foster care (MTFC), an alternative to group/residential care placement for children and adolescents. Progress through eight implementation stages was tracked by noting dates of completion of specific activities in each stage. Activities were tailored to the strategies for implementing the specific EBP.ResultsPreliminary data showed that several counties ceased progress during pre-implementation and that there was a high degree of variability among sites in the duration scores per stage and on the proportion of activities that were completed in each stage. Progress through activities and stages for three example counties is shown.ConclusionsBy assessing the attainment time of each stage and the proportion of activities completed, the SIC measure can be used to track and compare the effectiveness of various implementation strategies. Data from the SIC will provide sites with relevant information on the time and resources needed to implement MTFC during various phases of implementation. With some modifications, the SIC could be appropriate for use in evaluating implementation strategies in head-to-head randomized implementation trials and as a monitoring tool for rolling out other EBPs.

Three Collaborative Models for Scaling Up Evidence-Based Practices

The current paper describes three models of research-practice collaboration to scale-up evidence-based practices (EBP): (1) the Rolling Cohort model in England, (2) the Cascading Dissemination model in San Diego County, and (3) the Community Development Team model in 53 California and Ohio counties. Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) and KEEP are the focal evidence-based practices that are designed to improve outcomes for children and families in the child welfare, juvenile justice, and mental health systems. The three scale-up models each originated from collaboration between community partners and researchers with the shared goal of wide-spread implementation and sustainability of MTFC/KEEP. The three models were implemented in a variety of contexts; Rolling Cohort was implemented nationally, Cascading Dissemination was implemented within one county, and Community Development Team was targeted at the state level. The current paper presents an overview of the development of each model, the policy frameworks in which they are embedded, system challenges encountered during scale-up, and lessons learned. Common elements of successful scale-up efforts, barriers to success, factors relating to enduring practice relationships, and future research directions are discussed.

Community engagement in health research: two decades of experience from a research project on HIV in rural Uganda

To describe how a research project on HIV epidemiology in rural Uganda has engaged the community over the past two decades, describing activities, opportunities and challenges that have arisen. The review draws on the experience of the authors as investigators involved in the project at various times since its inception in 1989, and on project documents and peer-reviewed publications. The project attracts community interest, participation and support mostly through community groups. The three main areas of activity are: health care and promotion, HIV/AIDS prevention and care, and community development aimed at poverty reduction. Key opportunities arise from the long-term joint commitment of the project and the community over nearly 20 years, and the potential to accommodate research beyond HIV. Challenges arise from participation fatigue, countered by innovations for the community and investment in capacity development for staff, and from the need to balance community development expectations and the project focus on HIV research. Judged by criteria of longevity, acceptance, and scientific output, community engagement in this HIV research project in rural Uganda has been successful. The experience from this project contributes to the collective documentation and analysis of case studies from various research projects in developing countries which identify good practices from multiple stakeholder perspectives.

Building Commons and Community by Karl Linn

Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 19 No. 1 (Spring 2009) ISSN: 1546-2250 Building Commons and Community Linn, Karl (2008). Oakland, CA: New Village Press; 376 pages. $29.95. ISBN 9780976605478. Sometimes in life we have the good fortune to meet human beings whose energy effervesces and inspires. This biased book review reflects my good fortune to meet Karl Linn, the author, at the American Community Gardening Association conference in 2001. His personal presentation of much of what the book contains held a similar glee to that of a child tasting the first cherry tomato that she ever grew. Linn’s enthusiasm for the processes of community development work appears in Building Commons and Community, Linn’s professional autobiography, published posthumously. Linn spent his life creating community and using gardens in many instances to do that work. Gardens require the building of humus throughout their existence, and Linn’s departing gift has the rich content of humus that can transform over time to build new common ground and sprout new projects. The book is a five-decade photomontage with text that will inspire coming generations of landscape architects, artists, activists, community development teams, educators and planners. The chapters each represent participatory projects and include many cities, generations and common causes. Reviewing this book requires a brief review of Linn’s life, because his endeavors around the world develop organically from his life process. Linn began life in Germany where his mother had a fruit orchard. In 1934 he fled to Palestine with his family to escape Nazi Germany. He trained first in agriculture, then started an elementary school gardening program in Tel Aviv so that children could have fresh food for lunch. He helped found a kibbutz, then moved to Switzerlandto 355 train in psychoanalysis. When he came to the U.S., he cofounded a school for emotionally disturbed children and had a private practice in child psychology in New York. He turned to landscape architecture in 1952, and his design approach was always to create places to bring people together, most often involving the users themselves in designing and building these spaces. From inner-city Washington, D.C. and Philadelphia, to offices in New York, to MIT, to Berkeley where a community garden now grows in his honor, Linn dedicated his life to empowering children, youth and adults to work together to change their neighborhoods into safe and beautiful places. The book contains Linn’s principles for developing commons, both short-term and permanent. It is not written as a text, but as a memoir of the process of engaging in social democracy through the creation of spaces for people to connect with one another, nature and the built environment. In one chapter, Linn recounts the making of an instant memorial to Martin Luther King as a response to his assassination by students and faculty at MIT. What had begun as an academic architectural exercise searching for a theme after King’s murder became a powerful community place and event. Constructing testimonial boards and planting red geraniums, people created a space where they and others could communally mourn this national tragedy. Linn also facilitated many permanent installations, creating parks, courtyards and community gardens. Linn’s book does not so much celebrate not him an as individual artist, but rather the creative, community building process. Reviewer Information Pevec, Illène Illène Pevec is a Ph.D. student at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. ...

Community Participation in the Treatment Development Process Using Community Development Teams

Little literature exists about methods for adapting research-based treatments to typical practice settings. This report describes a 2-step process and associated methods used to adapt a school-based treatment program for middle-school youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that operates in a controlled setting to one that can operate in a typical practice setting. Step 1 included a feasibility study that yielded important findings regarding potential obstacles to successful implementation. These data, along with original treatment manuals and literature on treatments for youth with ADHD, were utilized for Step 2—the Community Development Team (CDT) process. Data collected about the CDT process indicate that its strengths outweigh potential limitations. These methods are discussed in the context of successful collaborative procedures for developing and evaluating research-based treatments in practice settings.