Community Development Movement Research Articles

People-Place Dilemma: The Challenge for Anchor Networks in Legacy Cities

Anchor movements rest on the premise that people- and place-based initiatives can be mutually reinforcing. The community development movement, however, has been haunted for years by the people-place dilemma – the idea that efforts to help people harm efforts to uplift places and vice versa. This article examines the people-place dilemma through a case study of the St. Louis Anchor Action Network (STLAAN), a collaboration of 16 anchor institutions. St. Louis is a classic legacy city that once enjoyed rapid growth but is now characterized by falling population size and high poverty. The heart of the people-place dilemma in legacy cities is that efforts to help people in disinvested communities may enable them to move somewhere else, leaving behind poorer communities. We document longstanding trends that have drained STLAAN’s focus geography of people and resources, as well as more recent growth of an “eds and meds” economy that presents an opportunity to address decades of disinvestment and decline. We examine STLAAN’s efforts to invest in its focus geography and the people who live there, drawing lessons for anchor work, especially in legacy cities. Our research underscores the importance of data, social commitments, community engagement, and research.

Embodied, embedded or both? Investigating experts and expertise in two Greater Boston social movements

ABSTRACT This study employs quantitative and qualitative data from a large diverse sample of scientists and professionals active in Greater Boston’s environmental and community development movements to pursue two lines of inquiry regarding experts and expertise in social movements. Statistical analysis and supporting qualitative analysis investigate, first, the extent to which expert’s professional training and employment predict their mobilization into different social movements (a measure of embodied expertise) and, second, the more specific ways that experts’ embeddedness in Boston-area businesses, law firms, and colleges and universities provide distinct mobilization pathways. Finding support for both, our conclusions emphasize the strategic value and heterogeneity of expert activists as a group and the importance of institutional analysis in understanding the dynamics and impacts of expert activism.

EFEKTIFITAS PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA PROGRAM GERBANGMAS-TASKIN UNTUK PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN PADA UNIT PELAKSANA KEUANGAN (UPK) DI KOTA BANJARBARU

The South Kalimantan Community Development Integrated Movement for Poverty Alleviation has been implemented by the Human and Environmental Empowerment Activity unit carried out by the Implementing Team (Timlak) in the form of grant assistance. The results can be directly felt by the target households of the program. However, in the implementation of business empowerment, it is known that every Financial Implementing Unit (UPK) in Banjarbaru City faces almost the same problem, namely the inability to repay loans (arrears) every month by program recipient households. This research was conducted using a descriptive evaluative research approach. In practice, this research is intended to evaluate the effectiveness of business empowerment of the Gatemas Taskin Program in Banjarbaru City in business development and increasing the income of poor households as potential program targets. The results showed that the implementation of the Integrated Community Development Movement Program (Gerbangmas-Taskin) for Poverty Alleviation in Banjarbaru City, was considered ineffective in helping business development and increasing the income of poor households. This is because the program recipients are not households that meet the target household criteria (RTS), namely poor households (RTM) who receive direct cash subsidies so that the program targets to help the poor develop businesses and increase their income cannot be achieved or are not on target. This fact shows that the Gerbangmas Taskin Program has not implemented microfinance principles, one of which is that aid is only for the poor. Factors causing the program's ineffectiveness are non-poor household beneficiaries (contrary to microfinance principles), lack of understanding of UPK programs, low participation, and suboptimal assistance

Multicultural Education as a Supported for the Formation on Environment of Islamic Communities in Pamekasan Regency

Islamic education is a process to help society be a human being perfectly to know Allah by using the Qur’an and al-Hadith, the source of their live. Creating an Environmet of Islamic community is an effort has been made with the “Greeting Gate” Jargon or the Islamic Community Development Movement which is then revealed in the form of applications and implementation in community, include the world of education. Islamic community environmental creation techniques have been carried out since 2002/2003 by the government and the community and religious leaders represented by other religious organizations. Thus, the creation on an environment of Islamic community is the purpose of the government; that the Islamic spirit and attitude be a culture for the entire community in Pamekasan district. On the other hand, the community is a pluralistic society consisting of various tribes, races and ethnicities, such as indigenous, Chinese and Arabic, to achieve the success of creating an Islamic society, the education process is needed to bridge it, and multicultural education is the most approprite way to apply in the Enviroment of Islamic Community. The research method used is naturalistic qualitative research, data collection techniques using several instruments, interview data, documentation data and observations. The results of the research conducted, can be explained that multi-cultural education can help and sustain the success of the Greeting Gate’s program or the creation of an Islamic community environment; however, some education’s components can not support and understand the multicultural education.

Pengelolaan tuberkulosis paru melalui peran pos TB di Desa Teluk Paman Kecamatan Kampar Kiri

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a threat to the community in Teluk Paman Village, Kampar Kiri District, Kampar Regency. In addition, it is not yet optimal for community empowerment by the government and health workers. This is indicated by the absence of a "Pos TB Desa" and TB cadres who can assist community-based TB management in the village. The strategy of empowering the community can be done in various ways, including advocacy, community development and community movements. The purpose of this community service was to examine the implementation of community empowerment in TB prevention and control and to see the effectiveness of advocacy and training in realizing empowered cadres. The empowerment method was advocacy, forming a "Pos TB Desa" and village TB control network, training with question and answer lecture methods combined with simulations and using various educational media. This activity has provided many benefits. The community has been able to utilize the TB Village Post that is already available. This activity helps the Health Office and local government in preventing and controlling TB cases. This activity also increases the knowledge and skills of village TB Post cadres to help prevent and control TB.

Mental health in vietnam and the move to incorporate social work: A mixed methods study of staff perceptions and expectations

ABSTRACTIn 2010, Vietnam established social work as a profession. As part of their strategic plan, the government aims to incorporate social work into existing hospitals and health care facilities in the country, including psychiatric hospitals and mental health care centers. This paper, based upon survey and focus group data from 194 people working in three major mental health facilities in Hanoi, explores direct care staffs’ perceptions of this historic incorporation of social work, with a particular eye to the benefits and challenges of the transition. Results show most staff members thought social workers would provide great support to the many unmet needs of their largely underserved and impoverished patients. They also viewed social workers as a potential resource to the treatment team by reducing work overload. Existing staff, however, were less attuned to the clinical functions of social workers in mental health settings, often equating social work with community development and social movements. Some were concerned about social workers taking on their tasks; others about new social workers being hindered by the professional hierarchy in which doctors were placed at the top. Successful integration of social workers will hinge on strong support from policy-makers and leaders of mental health systems.

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (Telaah Peningkatan Kualitas PAI di Kabupaten Pamekasan

The policy of enhancing the management capabilities of educational institutions and implementing the Islamic community development movement (Gerbang Salam) is the jargon of the Pamekasan community, while in terms of the quantity of subject hours, government policies in this case in public schools, ranging from basic education to college level education high. The policy to provide porional and professional religious subjects is also carried out, as well as the policy to enforce the rules that all students who want to enter junior high school must be able to read the Koran well and correctly, in addition, PAI is to maximize the subject matter already stated in the curriculum. The effect is the creation of a civil society atmosphere that aspires to be close to a success. The effect of other government policies in improving the quality of PAI is the increase in personal capabilities (tenagan educators and educational staff) in Pamekasan, then the reduction in the number of juvenile delinquency.

Practising solidarity: challenges for community development and social movements in the 21st century

Practising solidarity: challenges for community development and social movements in the 21st century

Participation in development: Learning from the past and present in the Republic of Korea

The present study draws on two case studies, one on village dynamics during the 1970s rural community development movement in the Republic of Korea and the other on present day challenges and learning based on the experiences of a non-governmental organization from the Republic of Korea in implementing a community project together with local villagers in Cambodia. The study argues that the participatory approach, despite recent criticism and challenges associated with it, should remain the core mode of development cooperation because of its intrinsic and instrumental values in efforts to develop a sustainable community. Local leaders’ accountability and leadership, as well as genuine partnerships, involving equitable sharing of power in decisionmaking among various stakeholders, including external donor agencies, are also underlined as crucial in engaging local people in their own development initiatives.

Digital Diaspora China dan Upaya Mempertahankan Eksistensi Identitas Dalam Politik Internasional [The Digital Diaspora of China and Attempts to Maintain the Existence of Identity in International Politics

<p>Discussions on digital diaspora are relatively new in international relations studies. The birth of digital diaspora was driven by globalization and the increasing use of information and communications technology. The importance of digital diaspora recently has been recognized by some countries; this paper will discuss the digital diaspora of China. The emergence of digital diaspora was started by the Beijing Strategy in the Deng Xiaoping era. It has developed since the third generation of Chinese diaspora are better educated and skilled, so it is not surprising that it is easier for them to access the virtual world.</p><p>Chinese Digital diaspora can be seen as a great opportunity for the country with the capacity to make use of it and include it as part of the country’s public diplomacy. The possible role of digital diaspora can be manifested through their actions in community development and political movement committed in cyberspace. Chinese Digital diaspora action is based on their strong sense of belonging to the country of origin (homeland) and a sense of nationalism.</p>

THE RELATIONSHIP ANTENATAL CARE VISITS WITH CAESAREAN SECTION DELIVERY IN INDONESIA (ANALYSIS DATA IDHS 2012)

Background: The increased rates of caesarean section become public health problem because it can enhance on risk of maternal and perinatal adverse effects. Visits antenatal care need to monitor pregnancy and planned birth to know of the mother's pregnancy so that can detect early disease and maternal complications who can determine the act of delivery. Research objectives to analyze relations antenatal care visits with caesarean section delivery in indonesia from data IDHS 2012 . Method: This is a quantitative research using secondary data criteria of inclusion of woman age fertile 15-49 years and never give birth to the kids are last five years survey. The cross-sectional study design with 12.536 sample women in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis of data research is done with complex sample univariat, bivariat the chi-square and multivariate regression model the logistics risk factors. Result: The results of analysis showed that there was significant association antenatal care visits with caesarean section delivery. However, this relationship as a protective factor, this means that women who visited antenatal care incomplete lower the risk 0,742 times smaller to made caesarean section delivery than women who visited antenatal complete after controlled by socioeconomic family, area of residence, mother's education, maternal age, parity and complications during pregnancy, while that is not related to the birth weight. Conclusion: Antenatal care visits have a significant relationship with caesarean section delivery in Indonesia after controlling for socioeconomic family, area of residence, mother's education, maternal age, parity and complications during pregnancy. Suggestions of research health promotion conducted in policy advocacy, community development and empowerment movement community atmosphere. Keywords: Caesarean section delivery, antenatal care visits, IDHS

A dual nature: the archdiocesan community development corporation

New models for urban revitalization continue to emerge as the community development movement evolves. This article discusses a study that explored the formation and activities of a unique community development corporation (CDC) that is situated within the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, a part of the Roman Catholic Church in America. It begins with a look at how churches have historically served both anchoring and mediating functions in cities. The discussion then turns to the structure and nature of the archdiocesan CDC, particularly examining the challenge of applying a traditionally place-based model in an institutional context spanning a five county region. Recommendations emphasize deeper citizen participation with the CDC and the codification and adoption of a formal process to secure and then adaptively reuse vacant church properties to advance urban revitalization.

‘Why don’t they show those on TV?’: documentary film festivals, media and community

The importance of alternative forms of information is undeniable in a democratic society. Yet mass media often ignore important issues as well as grassroots struggles and victories. Over the past two decades, citizens of one small Canadian town have initiated a documentary film festival as a means to learn about diverse problems and/or share stories of successful community development and victorious social movements around the world. This sparked a series of documentary film festivals in other small Canadian towns. This article examines a study of two of these documentary film festivals and the learning reported by members of the audience.

Youth Organizing as a Developmental Context for African American and Latino Adolescents

AbstractResearch on adolescence has begun to recognize the centrality of ecological context in human development. Ecological approaches, however, need to pay greater attention to the political context of young people's lives, both in terms of how youth interpret their sociopolitical world and how they participate in changing it. Research on youth organizing among African American and Latino youth offers insights about these dimensions of sociopolitical development. Youth organizing enables young people growing up in difficult circumstances to identify the social origins of problems and take action to address those problems. Emerging research suggests that youth organizing has the potential to contribute to youth development, community development, and broader social movements. Youth organizing challenges social constructions of adolescents as apathetic or self‐involved and offers an alternative to deficit‐based orientations toward youth of color.

In what sense ‘spaces of neoliberalism’? The new localism, the new politics of scale, and town twinning

This paper draws on a study of town twinning in Britain since 1945 to engage with narratives of ‘the new localism’ and ‘the new politics of scale’. It argues that town twinning is often used in technical assistance programmes such as the UK Government's Know How Fund and various schemes of the Commonwealth Local Government Forum. ‘Fast policy’ is a concept that can be usefully applied to these programmes and the broader field of interurban networking, urban policy mobility, and policy transfer. Town twinning plays an active yet overlooked role in fast policy. The paper also argues that town twinning is part of a longer history of bottom-up localism that includes the political arguments of John Stuart Mill, at least two moments of twentieth-century municipal internationalism, the municipal foreign policy movement of the 1980s, and the community development movement of the last three decades. This longer history suggests sources of localism other than statecraft, and problematises the conceptualisation of power and periodisation of history found in regulation theories of devolution.

Between Survival and Revolution: Another Community Development System is Possible

Abstract: The tensions between capitalism and community have created a situation where, from the depths of multinational corporate headquarters to the diverse urban streets of America, the latter is now being co‐opted by the former. Couple this with the current neoliberal order being imposed on the world by multilateral institutions, high‐ranking government officials, and the corporate elite, and you have an economic imperial agenda being carried out in all corners of the globe. In this article, I take a dialectical and investigative approach in critiquing the neoliberal ideology that dictates how the work of community development corporations is funded and controlled. Much of today's reality within community development consists of an environment where funding restrictions undermine community power, community development trumps community organizing, professionalization creates a disconnect between community development staff and community members, and competition for funding forces organizations to spend more time on funders' needs than the needs of the communities they serve. J P Morgan Chase is profiled to illustrate how economic neoliberal globalization and so‐called community capitalism shape the modern community development movement. I conclude with an analysis of how empowerment, organizational democracy, and collective ownership have the potential to open up spaces of hope for urban communities in the United States who have been forced to live under the hegemony of economic neoliberal globalization.

Resisting Marginalisation: The Rise of the Rural Community Movement in Lithuania

AbstractIn the late 1990s the rural community development movement led mostly by educated, professional women emerged in Lithuania. These were loose organizations, typically made up of 5–10 core activists, engaged in mobilizing local communities in dealing with their social, cultural, political and economic problems. It is argued that the rise of the rural community movement represents one of the responses to the post‐socialist crisis in agriculture as well as a strategy in dealing with growing economic, political, and social marginalization of the rural population in Lithuania. Three interacting developments that contributed to the rise of rural civic activism are analyzed: (a) structural change in the rural economy that lead to a growing stratum of rural population being displaced from commodity agriculture; (b) favorable political opportunity created by the completion of collective farm privatization and the advancement of the process of land restitution, changes in the government's policy, and the rise of NGOs activism supported, in part, by the foreign donors; and (c) innovative strategies and alliances formed by activists, foreign donors, academicians, and local politicians in promoting rural development. Ethnographic research in the village of Balninkai (pop. 496) is used to analyze the dynamics of building of one of the most successful rural community organizations currently active in Eastern Lithuania.

O skupnostnem izobraževanju in razvoju kraja

Dušana Findeisen piše o skupnostnem izobraževanju in razvoju kraja. Najprej spregovori o raznih oblikah demokratizacije izobraževanja, med katere spada tudi izobraževanje v skupnosti in še posebej izobraževanje za razvoj kraja. Govori tudi o tem, kako se v prihodnje naše življenje ne bo več organiziralo v zvezi z delom in da to ne bo edini nosilec naše družbene samopodobe. Poiskati si bomo morali drugačne načine vključevanja v družbo. Skupnostno izobraževanje je odprta pot. Ker skupnostno izobraževanje za razvoj kraja v Sloveniji pojmovno še ni uveljavljeno, avtorica na kratko opiše pojem skupnosti, zgodovino skupnostnega izobraževanja in gibanja za razvoj kraja. V nadaljevanju besedila predstavi Andragoško poletno šolo, ki je namenoma nastala v Ajdovščini, torej v majhnem slovenskem kraju. Šola naj bi spodbudila udeležence, andragoge in izobraževalce, da bi v svojih krajih začeli ukrepati v zvezi z razvojem kraja.

An Irish Community Development Movement's Experience of Crisis Conditions: Muintir na Tire's Struggle for Survival

A major stream of community development in Ireland has been identified with Muintir na Tire ("People of the Land"), a movement that has concerned itself with the promotion of the social, economic and cultural welfare of mainly rural localities since the 1930s. What Muintir offers is a vision of where community development should fit in the public life of the Irish nation, and a model that enunciates some basic principles as to how local representative self-help groups should organise and operate. Muintir has always existed on two levels: at local level, where there are now about 120 Muintir-affiliated community councils, and at national level, where a central office attempts to represent and service community councils, as well as local communities more generally. This paper will focus on two central issues: the serious difficulties that have confronted Muintir at all levels in recent years, and the manner the movement has sought to negotiate the various obstacles it has encountered. Our conclusion is that while Muintir has shown undoubted ingenuity and resilience in weathering many storms, the ongoing crisis it now faces continues to raise serious questions about its future both as a national movement and as a significant force in Irish community development.

Community Development And Social Movements: An Experience of Solidarity and Citizenship in Brazil

Community Development And Social Movements: An Experience of Solidarity and Citizenship in Brazil