Community-based Total Sanitation Research Articles

Relationship Between Community-Based Total Sanitation and Stunting Incidence in Medan City

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in Medan City. Poor sanitation has been identified as one of the key contributing factors to stunting. This study aims to analyze the relationship between community-based total sanitation and stunting incidence in Medan City. The research is a comparative study with a case-control design. It was conducted in five sub-districts with high stunting rates among the fourteen sub-districts in Medan City that have received community-based total sanitation interventions. The study was carried out from November 2023 to February 2024. The study population included all mothers with children age 0-59 months living in sub-districts that received community-based total sanitation interventions. There were 165 participants in the stunting and 49,676 in the not stunting. The sample size was calculated using the Lemeshow formula, resulting in 50 mothers for the stunting group. The not stunting group was matched to the case group in a 1:1 ratio, making the total sample size 100 mothers. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.</em><em> </em><em>Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 27, employing the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that three pillars of community-based total sanitation were significantly related to stunting incidence: relationship between handwashing with soap and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.005; OR=4.125), relationship between household Latrine and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.001; OR=7.211), and relationship between household solid waste management and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.027; OR=2.681). The overall relationship between community-based total sanitation and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.015; OR=6.769). Recommendations for the Health Department and Community Health Centers in Medan City include enhancing the achievement of the five STBM pillars within the community through health promotion activities.</em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keyword: Child, Hygiene, Mother, Sanitation, Stunting</em></strong></p>

Islamic Religious Education in Building Insight Multicultural

Islamic religious education (PAI) taught in madrasas and public schools is felt has not been one hundred percent successful in making students be tolerant and open towards other communities outside himself. This type of research is a systematic literature review which is carried out by collecting and accumulating research related to community-based total sanitation evaluation. The keywords used for literature searches; "Islamic Education" and "Islamic Education in Multicultural Society". The literature sources used in the research come from online databases, namely Google Scholar and Garuda. the results of this research Multicultural Education is a development process that seeks to improve something that has existed from the beginning or previously existed, developing all human potential, education that respects plurality and heterogeneity, and education that respects and upholds cultural, ethnic, tribal and religious diversity. Multicultural religious learning can instill Islamic values multicultural to participants. So anti-multicultural values such as discrimination and violence can be avoided. Therefore, the learning process of Religious Education Multicultural Islam is recommended to be implemented because it can make things easier achieve the goals of Islamic religious education in forming knowledge, attitudes and students' skills in a unified and balanced manner

Upaya Peningkatan Perilaku Hidup Sehat melalui Program Community-Led Total Sanitation kepada Masyarakat Desa Tumpang, Malang

The practice of open defecation remains prevalent in Ledoksari Hamlet, Tumpang Village, Malang Regency. This behavior persists because open defecation has become a normalized culture or habit among the local community. Therefore, a change effort is needed through the implementation of the Community-Led Total Sanitation Approach by the Community Service Team of Universitas Negeri Malang. This program aims to educate the community about the impacts of open defecation. The method used in this program employs a triggering approach that directly involves the community, with stages including pre-triggering, triggering, and post-triggering activities. The outcomes of this initiative reveal an increase in participants knowledge regarding environmental health. Interactive discussions were also conducted by the service team to allow participants to voice their aspirations, which were then communicated to stakeholders. The service team further recommended the implementation of the "Arisan Jamban" program. This program encourages community members to organize activities that promote clean and healthy living behaviors within their environment. Aligned with the first pillar of the Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) initiative, which is to stop open defecation, the "Arisan Jamban" program can be utilized as a viable solution to reduce water source contamination.

Pelatihan Peningkatan PHBS dan Pengelolaan Air Siap Konsumsi pada Masyarakat Wilayah RW 006, Kelurahan Tanjung Duren Selatan

Water is crucial for human survival, serving both consumption needs and daily activities. However, water contamination often occurs when it is not managed and stored properly. Contaminated drinking water can pose health risks, causing various digestive diseases and even death, especially in children. Therefore, the management and storage of water require special attention. Indonesian communities, especially those in the RW 006, Tanjung Duren Selatan, are still limited in gathering clean water without proper water management for it to be made suitable for consumption. In response to this concern, a program was implemented to enhance awareness and empower the residents of RW 006, Tanjung Duren Selatan, focusing on improving environmental sanitation and the effective management of safe drinking water. The activities took place at the secretariat office of RW 006, Tanjung Duren Selatan, on Friday, November 10, 2023, from 08:30 to 10:15 AM. A total of 25 participants filled out attendance and completed pre-test questionnaires. Participants were then provided with education and training by the team on environmental sanitation, Community-Based Total Sanitation (STMB), proper management of household waste, and the handling of water intended for consumption. The post-test results showed an improvement in participants' knowledge and understanding regarding the enhancement of environmental sanitation and the management of water ready for consumption in households. It is hoped that participants will serve as links in communication and educators within the local community, ultimately contributing to improved sanitation and an enhanced quality of life.

Evaluation of internship program Kampus Merdeka in the community-based total sanitation facilitator field at community health center Dr. Soetomo

The MSIB Kampus Merdeka program is a program that plays a role in bridging and securing the availability of quality talent for national industries that need alternative solutions to obtain talent that meets the qualifications and fits the culture of the organization so that they can make a real contribution over a long period. However, in the implementation of the internship program by the Surabaya City Health Office partners in the field of Community-Based Total Sanitation facilitators, there are still discrepancies in several components. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Merdeka Campus Internship program at the Surabaya City Health Office for the Community-Based Total Sanitation Facilitator field. This research is a type of evaluative research with a qualitative descriptive approach using the CIPP Model (Context, Input, Process, Product). Data was obtained through interviews and observations. Data analysis techniques by presenting data in the form of descriptions and verified by concluding. The results of the evaluation based on 4 components show that the content component is not yet appropriate in terms of background and program objectives, the input component is still lacking in human resources and the use of facilities and infrastructure, the process component is in accordance with the specified operating hours and the evaluation of activities carried out is not optimal, the product component is still largely developed due to the limited role of student interns. This study concludes that there are still elements in several components that are evaluated that are still not in accordance with the program plan.

Overview Implementation of the First Pillar Community-Based Total Sanitation Program

Community-based total sanitation (STBM) is an approach aimed at changing hygiene and sanitation behaviour through empowerment of the community through sanitation techniques. When most members of the group stop pissing, it's called a piss stop. (BABS). By 2023, 194 villages in South Aceh district have been STBMkan, 21 of them have been Open Defacation Free (ODF), and 239 of them are not yet. The aim of this study is to find out how effective the first pillar STBM program is. Input, Process, Output, and Output are four parts of the research approach. The number of informants is six. The South Aceh Health Service conducted the study from November to December. This research is a type of qualitative research and is designed as an Evaluation Study Design. Research shows that the public is not participating in the implementation of the first pillar STBM program in the area of work of the Health Department of the Cabinet of South Aceh. The results show that the first pillar STBM program still has shortcomings and constraints in its implementation.

Explore Indonesian Spatial Patterns: Poor House Sanitation and Critical Environmental Disease in East Kalimantan

Objective Community-Led Total Sanitation, along with its contained 5 pillars, impacts on the fundamentals of status environmental health. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution pattern with sanitation facilities. This research aimed to analyze the distribution of houses with low economic priority in terms of topografi and their occupants' health conditions, focusing on critical environmental-based diseases, particularly stunting. Methods In order to improve sanitation facilities in terms of the community-based total sanitation pillar, this program was utilized as the stimulant recipient in this study, which had a population of 45 homes with special attention categories. Total sampling was employed to establish the research sample. Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the gathered data. Results As a result, the distribution pattern of the houses by looking at the poor environmental health condition, is categorized as clustered. The topography is hilly, with poor access to clean water, and there is no difference in the physical condition of the houses. Conclusion The pattern of distribution of houses with low economy is obtained in groups in areas that do not have access to adequate clean water. Diseases that exist in these community groups include diarrhea, tuberculosis, ISPA, and stunting.

STRATEGI ASPEK PRIORITAS KOTA LAYAK HUNI (LIVABLE CITY) PADA KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

A livable city is a comfortable condition in an urban environment to become a place for activities and a place to live by considering at two aspects, which are physical and non-physical aspect. The city of Bandar Lampung is part of the 10th bottom-tier city with a comfort index of 56% based on the Most Livable City Index (MLCI) in 2017. There are several aspects that are not feasible according to the MLCI assessment. Those five aspects are pedestrian facilities, city park facilities, development information and community participation, sewage and drainage management, and transportation. The aim of this study is to formulate a strategy on the priority aspects of livable city in Bandar Lampung using a deductive approach and data collection techniques through observation and interviews. This research is conducted by using Analytical Hierarchy Process and SWOT analysis. The result shows that the priority aspect that needs to be improved in order to make livability in Bandar Lampung is by improving sewage and drainage management. And the strategies that is formulated to improve the sewage and drainage management are optimizing routine maintenance on tertiary and secondary drainage as a preventive measure against floods, optimizing the development of Community-Based Total Sanitation to reduce pollution in drainage, and strengthening the coordination between the government and the community in environmental maintenance, especially drainage.

Comprehensive Public Place Sanitation Evaluation Based on the Complete Component in Community-Based Total Sanitation

Purpose: This study addresses the need for comprehensive analysis of sanitation in public places in Indonesia, particularly focusing on community behavior aspects based on the complete components of Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM). Recognizing the limitations of previous research, which primarily focused on sanitation facilities and affordability, the research aims to provide a holistic evaluation of public place sanitation to better understand the implementation of sanitary community behavior. Methods: The evaluation of public place sanitation is conducted in various facilities including traditional markets, terminals, stations, and educational institutions such as Islamic boarding schools in Surabaya. A sanitation-inspection instrument, developed based on government regulations, is utilized for the evaluation process. The assessment focuses on different aspects such as physical condition, garbage disposal, bathroom and toilet facilities, waste water disposal, parking, construction, firefighting provisions, medical facilities, and handwashing facilities. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal areas requiring improvement in public place sanitation across different facilities. Railway stations and bus stations exhibit deficiencies in the physical condition of external buildings, garbage disposal, bathroom and toilet facilities, and waste water disposal. Islamic boarding schools necessitate enhancements in parking lots, construction, firefighting provisions, medical rooms, and handwashing facilities. Traditional markets require improvements in construction, clean water supply facilities, firefighting provisions, and medical rooms. The study emphasizes the importance of managerial commitment to enforcing sanitary conditions to meet environmental health requirements in public places. Implications of the Research: The research outcomes have implications for public health policymakers, facility managers, and stakeholders involved in environmental health management. By identifying areas for improvement in public place sanitation, the study provides actionable insights for enhancing community health and well-being. The findings underscore the significance of effective sanitation management practices and highlight the role of stakeholders in ensuring compliance with sanitation standards and regulations. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a comprehensive evaluation of public place sanitation based on the complete components of STBM in Indonesia. By addressing the gap in research focusing solely on sanitation facilities and affordability, the research provides a holistic perspective on community-based sanitation behavior. The findings offer practical implications for improving sanitation practices in public places, ultimately enhancing environmental health and community well-being.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENUNTASAN LIMA PILAR PROGRAM SANITASI TOTAL BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (STBM) TERHADAP PENURUNAN PENYAKIT DIARE DI KECAMATAN BRANG ENE KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENUNTASAN LIMA PILAR PROGRAM SANITASI TOTAL BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (STBM) TERHADAP PENURUNAN PENYAKIT DIARE DI KECAMATAN BRANG ENE KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT

RELATIONSHIP OF SANITATION AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF PARENTS TO CARIES SEVERITY

Background: Riskesdas stated the prevalence of caries in children aged 5-9 years in Indonesia in 2018 was 92.6%. External caries factors consist of environment, behavior, health services, and heredity. The physical environment is one of the health environments that contributes the most to health status, including dental and oral health. Sanitation with the Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) program is part of the physical environment. The STBM pillars consist of: stopping open defecation, washing hands with soap, drinking water and food management, waste management, and liquid waste management. Behavioral predisposing factors include parents' socioeconomic status which is determined by education, occupation, and income. Socioeconomic status affects the ability of parents to care for their children's teeth. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between sanitation and socioeconomic status of parents on the severity of caries in kindergarten children. Methods: This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional method. The respondents of this study were 49 children of TK Al Hidayah in Mandiangin Barat Village, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Data collection includes questionnaires and the def-t assessment sheet. Results: Spearman correlation test p=0.435 showed no relationship between sanitation and caries severity. Spearman correlation test p=0.0001 showed that there was a relationship between the socioeconomic status of parents and the severity of caries. The correlation coefficient -0.519 indicates a medium strength relationship in the opposite direction. Conclusion: There is no relationship between sanitation and caries severity. There is a relationship between the socioeconomic status of parents with the severity of caries. Keywords: def-t index, Socio-economic, STBM.

Analysis of the Availability and Sustainable Management of Clean Water and Sanitation in Bogor Regency

The provision of clean water includes several main components, including: raw water source unit, processing unit, production unit, transmission unit and production unit. Water is used by humans for various daily needs. Water needs for individual needs vary for each place and each level of need. The higher the standard of living in a place, the greater the need for water. The goal that must be achieved in managing clean water in stages is to have access to household drinking water services reaching 100% by 2030. The next achievement is the achievement and realization of sanitation and clean water management for vulnerable community groups at 68.77%, shown by this achievement in 2026. To achieve the number of sub-districts or villages implementing community-based total sanitation of 98%. Meanwhile, the achievement of the proportion of households served by a centralized clean water waste management system is 71.66% in 2026. The proportion of households served by a fecal sludge management system until this data is published has not been covered so the baseline set at 20% in 2021 will be achieved in 2023 The Bogor Regency Government's target in establishing this feces processing concept is very good.

Perancangan TPS 3R Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat Kelurahan Menur Pumpungan

STBM is a comprehensive approach that not only includes sanitation infrastructure development, but also emphasizes changes in community behavior and sustainable waste management. Thus, in the implementation of STBM, the 3R Waste Disposal Site (TPS) is a key component in sustainable waste management. TPS 3R refers to waste management with the 3R principles, namely Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. However, in this case Menur Pumpungan Village still does not have a 3R-based waste processing facility. So it is necessary to plan the optimal design of TPS 3R to be applied in the future and be able to make a significant contribution in efforts to realize Community-Based Total Sanitation. To calculate the number of TPS 3R services as the basis for design, data on the population in 2023 and the waste generation rate of 2.6 liters/person/day were used. Based on the calculations made, in an effort to support the implementation of the Community-Based Total Sanitation program. The construction of TPS 3R, which is planned to be able to serve the domestic waste processing of the entire Menur Pumpungan urban village community, is expected to reduce the amount of waste entering the landfill. The total land required for operational facilities is 511.85 m2 with a TPS 3R design consisting of a 440.85 m2 waste processing area and 96 m2 of other supporting facilities..

Analysis of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) implementation based on GEDSI and climate resilience in Kupang City

This paper provides an overview of WASH implementation, GEDSI, and climate resilience in Kupang City, revealing significant gaps. These gaps include the absence of a monitoring mechanism due to a lack of consensus among local bureaucracies (OPD) concerning community-based total sanitation (STBM) and inadequate budget allocation for monitoring. Additionally, there is a lack of integration between program implementation and existing Urban Sanitation Strategy (SSK) documents, posing an additional challenge to effective STBM execution. Qualitative methodologies, such as key informant interviews and focus group discussions, were employed to engage with key stakeholders, including city government representatives, local leaders, and community youth organizations. The analysis emphasizes Kupang City’s efforts in STBM implementation, persistent deficiencies in sanitation management at the urban village level, and ongoing challenges in raising community awareness about proper sanitation practices. Recurring climate vulnerabilities affecting infrastructure and the local population have led to the development of Regional Action Plans for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (RAD API-PRB). Vulnerability during disasters primarily impacts women and children, underscoring the importance of gender equality within households and across all WASH and climate change activities. The absence of youth involvement highlights the need for comprehensive collaboration among stakeholders. Follow-up recommendations align with the SDG 6 Global Acceleration Framework, focusing on data, financing, governance, innovation, capacity building, community participation, and elements related to GEDSI.

The Relationship between Attitudes and Actions on the Successful Implementation of Community-Based Total Sanitation Programs in the Coastal Areas of the Konawe Islands Regency

Introduction: The successful implementation of a community-based total sanitation program is greatly influenced by the attitudes and actions adopted by the community. This study aims to determine the relationship between attitudes and actions towards the successful implementation of a community-based total sanitation program in the coastal area of ​​Konawe Kepulauan Regency.
 Method: The data used is the chi-square statistical test to determine the relationship between attitudes and actions on the successful implementation of a community-based total sanitation program in the coastal area of ​​Konawe Kepulauan Regency.
 Result: This research was conducted in the working area of ​​6 Community Health Centers in Konawe Kepulauan Regency. Sanitation is very important to support one's health, so people must be able to apply sanitation in their daily lives. In the analysis of the chi-square test, it was found that attitudes sufficiently influenced the successful implementation of the CBTS program by 51.8% and actions that sufficiently influenced the successful implementation of the CBTS program by 53.0%.
 
 Conclusion: The conclusion in this journal is that attitudes are related to the successful implementation of the CBTS program and actions are related to the successful implementation of the CBTS program. This research raises awareness that attitudes and actions towards good sanitation can improve the quality of public health status and can increase the success of community-based total sanitation programs in Konawe Kepulauan Regency.

The Relationship Between Sanitation Conditions and Community-Based Total Sanitation Behavior on the Incidence of Diarrhea in Toddlers at UPT Puskesmas Namo Terasi, Sei Bingai Langkat

Diarrhea is a global problem found throughout the world. Based on data from the Indonesian Health Service in 2020, in Indonesia there were 843 babies and 270 adults who experienced diarrhea. There are five pillars in STBM, namely stopping open defecation, washing hands with soap, managing household drinking water and food, securing household waste and safeguarding household liquid waste. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between STBM conditions in general and the incidence of diarrhea. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and a sample size of 71 respondents. Statistical tests use chi-square. The results of this study show that there is a relationship between CTPS behavior (P=0.001), drinking water and food management behavior (p=0.009) and waste management (p=0.041) with the incidence of diarrhea. However, the results of this study showed that there was no relationship between defecation behavior (P=0.825) and liquid waste management (p=0.510) with the incidence of diarrhea. The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant relationship between STBM behavior and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers seen from the pillar aspects of hand washing behavior with soap, waste management and eating and drinking management behavior.

Assessing the effectiveness of CBTS in mitigating dengue hemorrhagic fever: A literature review

Dengue virus infection and its severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), is currently the most common and fastest-spreading arthropod-borne diseases. There are still no effective drugs and vaccines that work against DHF. Therefore, avoiding contact with infected vectors through personal hygiene and environmental sanitation is the most feasible way to prevent dengue virus infection. One of the programs designed to prevent environment-based diseases such as DHF is Community-Based Total Sanitation (CBTS). CBTS employs community empowerment in the form of a triggering method that induces a sense of shame within the community if their environment is dirty. Although promising, the use of CBTS is currently underutilized against DHF. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of hygiene and sanitation behaviors that align with the elements of CBTS pillars using a literature review method. Through the screening process, seven articles that matched the criteria were thoroughly reviewed to gather information. Based on the findings of this study, implementing either the 4th or 5th pillar of CBTS leads to a lower risk of contracting DHF.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepemilikan Jamban Sehat di Desa Kerta Dewa Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Abstract
 Latrines are places where excrement is disposed of to prevent environmental pollution and the spread of disease. Data from the Surulangun Health Center in 2022, shows that Kerta Dewa Village ranks first in open defecation by 54%. The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with owning healthy latrines in Kerta Dewa Village, North Musi Rawas Regency. Quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was 89 respondents taken by proportional stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi-square statistical test. This study found that respondents who did not have healthy latrines were 74.2% and there was a relationship between knowledge (0.000), attitude (0.000), income (0.004), clean water facilities (0.000), role of health workers (0.001) with ownership of healthy latrines in Kerta Dewa Village, North Musi Rawas Regency. Knowledge, attitudes, income, clean water facilities, the role of health workers have a significant relationship with ownership of healthy latrines in Kerta Dewa Village. It is recommended that health workers and the village government optimize the community-based total sanitation program so that the number of healthy latrine owners increases.
 Keywords: Healthy latrines, income, knowledge, attitudes, clean water.

Promosi Kesehatan Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) Melalui Pendekatan STBM Pilar Pertama

This literature study was conducted to find out the solution to the problem of poor sanitation through the first pillar of Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) related to open defecation free (ODF) by using triggering method that works to cause disgust, fear, anxiety, and the sin of open defecation as well as an overview of health promotion to ODF and steps to promote healthy latrines with communal septic tanks as an alternative to ODF. The approach used in this study is literature review analyzing scientific papers, books, and national journals. STBM is an approach to change the hygiene and sanitation behavior through community empowerment using triggering method. The SBS behavior was followed by the use of sanitary facilities in form of healthy latrines. Healthy latrines are an approach with a simple facilitation process that can change bad habits (open defecation) and expect healthy latrines ODF and sanitation obligations in building healthy latrines are part of the community's responsibility. Healthy latrines must be built, owned, and used by the family in a position (inside the house or outside the house) that is easily accessible to the occupants of the house.

Connecting Factors for the Application of Community-Based Total Sanitation in the Work Area of the Blang Bintang Health Center, Aceh Besar

Open defecation behavior occurs due to hereditary habits and habits since childhood. At this time, the government launched a program that is to stop open defecation with the Community-Based Total Sanitation Program. This program is an entry point towards total sanitation and is an effort to break the chain of pollution from human excrement to drinking, eating and other standard water. Community-based total sanitation is expected to be able to change people's habitual attitudes in an effort to improve environmental sanitation conditions. This study aims to determine the factors related to the implementation the program in the work area of the Blang Bintang Health Center, Aceh Besar, Aceh Province. This research is descriptive analytic in nature, carried out using a cross-sectional design method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is the community in the working area of the Blang Bintang Health Center with a population of 1,990 people. The populations of samples were 97 respondents and data analysis used the Chi-Square Test. The results of the study gave respondents the first pillar of good Community-Based Total Sanitation implementation of 63.9%, respondents with less knowledge of 58.8%. In general, respondents with high school education were 69.1%, respondents' behavior towards the program was known 67% to have a positive attitude, 58.8% respondents stated that the role of health workers played a role, 69.1 the role of community leaders was more dominated respondents stated that they lacked participation of 64.9% that respondents had facilities