Community-based Disaster Preparedness Research Articles

The 2004 Tsunami Impact on Andaman & Nicobar Islands: Consequences and Future Way Forward

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, caused by a powerful undersea earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, resulted in unprecedented destruction across several coastal regions. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands, located near the epicenter, suffered significant loss of life, displacement, and environmental degradation. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the tsunami’s impact on the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, detailing the immediate effects, long-term consequences, and rehabilitation efforts. The paper also explores the economic, social, and psychological ramifications of the disaster, particularly on indigenous communities. Looking ahead, it emphasizes the importance of sustainable development, community-based disaster preparedness, and ecosystem restoration to build resilience in the region. The proposed way forward focuses on developing infrastructure that is disaster-resilient, improving disaster management systems, and empowering indigenous communities in rehabilitation efforts to ensure long-term recovery and resilience.

Collaboration with the Disaster Resilient Village Forum in Disaster Emergency Response Simulation in Ngelang Kartoharjo Village Magetan.

The problem faced by the Disaster Resilient Village Forum (Destana) in Ngelang Village, Kartoharjo District, Magetan is the difficulty in realizing community-based disaster preparedness, especially simulations of disaster emergency response. This community service activity is a follow-up to the results of research on priority parameters for realizing disaster preparedness using the Quadrant of Difficulty and Usefulness Preparedness method. The activity aims to improve the capabilities and skills of the Destana Forum in organizing disaster emergency response simulations, as well as building community resilience in facing disaster threats. The activity method is Participatory Action Research, which is applied through training and field practice. Participants were the administrators of the Destana Forum, elements of the Village Development Officer (Babinsa), Bhayangkara elements of Community Security and Order (Bhabinkamtibmas), and the community, with a total of 112 people. Activities were carried out on May 13 to May 17, 2024, in Ngelang Village, Kartoharjo District, Magetan. The results of the activity showed that the participants had succeeded in compiling and providing contingency plan documents, compiling threat scenarios, impact scenarios, and disaster event scenarios, as well as preparing operational rehearsal plans, conducting room rehearsals, and ending with a practical field rehearsal for disaster emergency response simulations. The conclusion from this activity is that strengthening community-based disaster preparedness needs to be realized through collaboration and participatory assistance.

Quadrant of difficulty and usefulness for prioritizing community-based disaster preparedness parameter elements

Objective: To prioritize building elements for community-based disaster preparedness parameters, so that priority elements were obtained that had very high benefits but the way to realize them was very difficult. Methodology: This descriptive study included 345 administrators of disaster risk reduction forums and community leaders who were selected using a stratified sampling technique. The research variable was the disaster preparedness parameter. Data were collected by filling out the DUEDP-Questionnaire, which contains attributes of difficulty and usefulness. Data were analyzed using the Quadrant of difficulty-usefulness method and then presented in 4 quadrants. Results: The five parameters of disaster preparedness are knowledge and attitudes (KA), policies (P), emergency response plans (ERP), early warning system (EWS), and resource mobilization (RM). The priority to be realized first is resource mobilization and an early warning system. The priority element as a parameter construct for resource mobilization that must be immediately realized by the disaster risk reduction forum is to train families to be prepared to provide disaster preparedness bags, especially in disaster-prone areas. The priority elements as a parameter construct for an early warning system that will immediately be realized by the disaster risk reduction forum are providing early warning tolls, agreeing on forms of communication of the early warning system to vulnerable and disabled groups, and agreeing on how to respond to the community if there is an early warning of the danger of disaster. Conclusion: Of the five disaster preparedness parameters, what needs to be worked out first by the disaster risk reduction forum for disaster-resilient villages are resource mobilization and an early warning system.

Desa Tangguh Bencana di Desa Widarapayung Wetan, Kecamatan Binangun, Kabupaten Cilacap (Pengembangan Desa Tangguh Bencana Berbasis Masyarakat Desa)

Research on Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Widarapayung Wetan Village is motivated by the geographical location of Widarapayung Wetan Village which is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean in the south which contains the Indo-Australian plate. . The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive method. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Aspects examined in this study are efforts to identify threats, efforts to reduce vulnerabilities and efforts to increase capacity. The results of the study indicate that disaster risk reduction efforts have been carried out by the people of Widarapayung Wetan Village. However, the efforts made have not been maximized due to several factors, especially the lack of active disaster organizations in the village of Widarapayung Wetan, namely the Community-Based Disaster Preparedness (CBAT) in disaster risk reduction efforts. Aspects of threat recognition carried out by the Widarapayung Wetan village community include socialization, disaster risk analysis. Aspects of reducing vulnerability are carried out through planting hard trunked trees, installing sirens, installing evacuation signs, and mapping. Aspects of capacity building, namely through socialization, simulations, disaster training, the establishment of the FPRB, the establishment of a Disaster Resilient Village, and the existence of institutions at the village level.

Partisipasi Stakeholders Dalam Pengelolaan Dampak Pencemaran Sungai Jenes Surakarta

This study aims to describe the various risks or vulnerabilities in the Jenes River riparian community and the participation of stakeholders in pollution management in the Jenes River. Selection of informants using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation. Analysis with interactive and theoretical models using Ulrich Beck's risk society theory and Robert K Merton's functional structural theory. The results of the study show that the people on the Jenes River border are a risky community because they intersect with industrial areas that vulnerable to physical risks, social risks, and psychological risks. Participation by the Environment Agency, River Basin Center, Community-Based Disaster Preparedness, Kampoeng Batik Laweyan Development Forum, and Community in managing the impact of Pollution on Jenes River has been analyzed using structural-functional theory through functions and dysfunctions, showing that management flow is running according to hope, but has not resolved the problem of Pollution in the Jenes River because there are still many dysfunctions that occur in each institutional system. Thus, an effort made through this functional structure must continue to work to bridge the interests and cooperation between primary and secondary stakeholders in managing Jenes River pollution.

Establishing a co-design framework for disaster mitigation agenda in the urban context. A case study: SIBAT Solo

One of the impacts of climate change on the urban environment is the flood cycle which is significantly difficult to predict. Along with using engineering methods, one more effort that can be conducted is to prepare communities for flood catastrophes in order to address the problem of unpredictable floods in urban settings. The correct technique and approach should be employed to involve residents in a disaster mitigation system. The objective of this study is to provide a co-design framework to assist the agenda for reducing flood disasters in urban settings. The co-design technique is being utilized as a participatory strategy to perform the work objectives of the community-based disaster preparedness community in Solo, Indonesia, according to the preliminary study findings reported in this paper. This study employed a case study method of flood disaster mitigation practices by the SIBAT community. Data analysis administered the interactive model through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Preliminary results obtained indicate that the local social and cultural context is essential in developing a co-design framework. Therefore, these findings will later become the basis for building a co-design framework for implementing the flood disaster mitigation agenda in Solo

Disaster Preparedness Education among Community: What is effective? An Integrative Literature Review

Background: Community-based disaster preparedness is vital in all types of disaster scenarios. Despite having resources and post-disaster training, growing evidence indicates that many residents struggle to prepare ahead of a disaster.
 Objectives: The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of disaster preparedness education for community.
 Methods: A literature search was conducted using combination of the following keyword: “disaster planning” or “disaster preparedness” or “disaster training” and “evaluation or outcomes of education” and “community” or “family” Medline database via OVID and ProQuest Social Sciences Journals.
 Results: The review included fourteen articles, seven of which were quantitative, four of which were qualitative, and three of which were mixed-method studies. The education contents were related to psychological first aid, evacuation sites and routes in times of disaster, items to prepare in case of emergency, preparing for safety inside a home, community mapping, and responding to psychological trauma, and how to build sustainability into community work.
 Conclusion: All of the strategies and content used in disaster preparedness tend to enhance community preparedness. More research is needed to identify best practices for community disaster preparedness by using more rigors method and consider the local needs or barriers in designing education program.

Localizing disaster risk reduction: a case study of community-based disaster preparedness in Bima and Palangkaraya Indonesia

Community-Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP) approaches are important elements to reduce vulnerability and increase resiliency in disaster risk areas. These are part of a new trend in localizing disaster risk reduction (DRR) which values the knowledge and capacities of local people and builds on local resources, including social capital. The CBDP in Indonesia has been initiated both by government and various actors such as NGOs, academia, and privates. This paper focuses on the CBDP initiatives called “MASTANA,” that are carried out by Muhammadiyah (MDMC), one of the largest Faith-Based Organization (FBO) in Indonesia in collaboration with local disaster management agency. This paper will describe how local communities through MASTANA program succeeded in formulating disaster preparedness strategies and situating them within wider local development planning. It also depicts how communities are able to integrate contingency and operational plans into planning document that was formalized and signed by the village head to guarantee the sustainability of DRR program. In addition, it will describe the formation of DRR forum that consist of various stakeholders including women and people with disabilities. Last, it will discuss challenges in using CBDP approaches at the village level.

Building Community-Level Disaster Preparedness Through Small Business Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Marketing

Abstract Japantown Prepared, a community-based disaster preparedness organization in San José, California’s historic Japantown, began a long-term partnership with the Department of Anthropology and the Organizational Studies Program at San José State University in 2016. This article is a study of one of their many collaborative projects, a disaster preparedness Business Certification Project meant to foster the development of disaster preparedness in the Japantown Business District. The project applied principles and methods of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social marketing by recruiting local businesses in Japantown’s popular business district to develop in-house disaster plans and then signal their preparedness with a prominently displayed certificate and a sticker with the Japantown Prepared logo in their front windows. We assess project implementation (design and recruitment) and identify opportunities for assessing the outcomes of the CSR campaign and social marketing awareness, both on other businesses in Japantown and consumers and community members. Specifically, further studies could determine whether and how businesses might build more consumer trust and social action in disaster preparedness.

This Must be the Place: Partnerships for Disaster Preparedness in San JosÉ’s Historic Japantown

Abstract Because upheavals, oppression, and disaster feature so prominently in the history and (re) making of Japantown San José, preparedness and recovery are in many ways structuring idioms of Japantown and its translocal networks. Memories of generational traumas and recoveries are passed through generations and across cultures in Japantown, as key processes in its history are memorialized in monuments, museums, artwork, plaques, benches, and everyday storytelling. We introduce a community-based disaster preparedness organization, Japantown Prepared, as an outgrowth of the structuring idioms of preparedness and recovery and how their work continues in a partnership with the Department of Anthropology at San José State University.

Studi Literatur: Efektivitas Model Kesiapsiagaan Bencana di Komunitas

Natural disasters occur all over the world and have massive effects. The impact of natural disasters has prompted various studies to find out the effects of a better mitigation and preparedness phase on individuals and communities in reducing the number of victims. Although revious literature are available that discuss disaster preparedness, studies that specifically assess the effectiveness of community-based disaster preparedness training are not available yet. This study aimed to identify effectiveness of community-based disaster preparedness training and which communication media are effective for use in disaster management in society. The literature reviews were conducted using the PRISMA model. The articles were collected from 4 journal databases, including EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus dan ProQuest. Quality of each articles were assessed by Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT). We identified a total of 3 studies. From the data extraction, 4 types of interventions were obtained in increasing disaster preparedness including phone-based intervention, printed media intervention, peer-mentored preparedness (PM-Prep) program and small group discussion intervention. The effectiveness of community-based disaster preparedness training is evidence that is needed to be applied in various countries due to the high prevalence of natural disasters worldwide.

Reminders for Learning about Flood Risk Preparedness in Indonesian Poor Villages: Parallel Group In Situ Randomized Controlled Trial

AbstractPoor people tend to be vulnerable to natural hazards such as floods because of their limited resources and capacities. Community-based disaster preparedness activities aim to increase aware...

Community Based Disaster Preparedness: Need for a Standardized Training Module

One of the biggest challenges we face today is providing information on the risk of natural disasters and preparedness is crucial with the least damage. The goal is to help develop vitally important skills and enable them to make correct decisions in critical situations. Knowledge provides the best instrument for disseminating the information necessary to reduce disaster risks by implementing appropriate risk reduction measures. This study ascertains the level of disaster preparedness in case of emergency. The study used the descriptive-correlation design with 80 respondents. Questionnaires and interviews were employed. G-Power; Frequency counts and percentages; Mean; t-test; F- test or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kendall’s tau-b was used. Results revealed that the level of disaster preparedness and management in case of emergency is sometimes. Age, civil status, ethnic affiliation, and occupation affect disaster preparedness and management in case of emergency. Ethnic affiliation and occupation affect the relationship between disaster preparedness and management in case of emergency. Findings suggest that disseminate disaster risk reduction information at all levels, develop educational programs on disaster risk reduction; develop a safe behavior model and skills, and learning by doing is necessary to develop their knowledge and skills.

Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Berbasis Komunitas Perkotaan

[Urban Community-based Disaster Preparedness] Geographical, hydrological, demographic, and sociological conditions of Indonesia make Indonesia's territory prone to disasters (natural, non-natural, and social). The history of disasters shows a trend of increasing the number of victims and types of disasters. Various efforts are needed in anticipating the possibility of a disaster that will occur, so that preventing risks, reducing risks or even eliminating disaster risks by reducing vulnerability and or increasing the limited capacity of the community is the simplest solution to the complexity of the disaster problem. Disaster risk is the probability of a potential disaster with the consequent damage being a key element. A threat (danger) only becomes a disaster if it affects vulnerable communities. The community is a key element in dealing with disasters, besides being the first to know about a disaster incident, the community is not only an object but also a subject that must be empowered in disaster management. This means that whatever efforts in disaster management must lead to the community. Strategies are needed to increase community resilience to an increasing number of disaster risks. Pre-disaster mitigation and preparedness activities are needed to reduce the vulnerability of a community and to protect the community whenever a disaster occurs. This research contributes to the current knowledge of the urban community preparedness index in terms of disaster preparedness. This descriptive quantitative research uses univariate analysis as the blade of analysis with a sample of 204 respondents who live in the DKI Jakarta area, and were selected randomly. This study uses primary data. Data collection was carried out through an online google form questionnaire directly to residents of DKI Jakarta Province. The results showed that the population of DKI Jakarta Province has various socio-economic characteristics, 77.94% of respondents have had disaster experience, 46.67% of the Material Preparedness Index, 82.52% of the Knowledge and Awareness Index for Preparedness, and 52.94% of the Preparedness Index. Act. Therefore, disaster risk reduction requires the efforts of all stakeholders such as the community (individuals and communities), government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and even the business world.

Community-Based Disaster Preparedness of Valenzuela City and Iriga City

The Philippines is a disaster-prone spot in the Asian continent, which calls for proactive response vital in disaster mitigation and adaptation. For a program to be successful, it must involve the citizens from the national to the barangay level. This descriptive study investigated the perceptions of community residents of San Francisco, Iriga City, and Karuhatan, Valenzuela City, towards Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) programs as proactive measures in promoting a culture of safety and community resilience in times of disaster or emergency. Thirty residents from each community answered a community survey. The responses underwent frequencies, and the percentage calculation. The study results showed a generally affirmative perception of both groups on the citywide disaster preparedness campaign through DRRM programs. However, the community responses on four categories: (1) Disaster Legislation, (2) Vulnerability to Disaster, (3) Disaster or Emergency Awareness, and (4) Disaster or Emergency Preparedness were relatively high in the Iriga group, which indicated a relatively high level of involvement in DRRM programs and a high level of preparedness for disasters. The Valenzuela group turned out to be high in disaster legislation and moderate in the other three areas, which indicated a moderately high level of involvement and preparedness. Thus, more efforts were needed to increase community understanding and resiliency.

The role of Community-Based Disaster Preparedness and Response Team in building community resilience

The community and government of Kalipancur Village have realised and implemented the landslide disaster mitigation efforts known as Community-Based Disaster Preparedness and Response Team (SIBAT Team) as a part of the Disaster Risk Reduction Forums (FPRB) in Kalipancur Village. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the SIBAT Team in implementing the resilience of the community of Kalipancur, especially the residents of RW 1, who live in landslide-prone areas. The sample in this study consisted of the SIBAT Team and residence of Kalipancur Village from RW I that were chosen using proportional random sampling. Data collection techniques used were observation, tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The data analysis techniques used consisted of qualitative data analysis technique with interactive methods and quantitative data analysis with descriptive analysis technique. The results showed that the SIBAT Team has a big role in building community resilience in Kalipancur Village in disaster mitigation education and emergency response efforts. The magnitude of the role of the SIBAT Team is directly proportional to the high level of community resilience in all aspects of the Kalipancur community. This research exemplifies that the Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) program is a strategic effort in building community resilience. Therefore, the sustainability of the CBDRR program is a necessity, and collaboration between the government, NGOs, and communities that combines bottom-up and top-down approaches will be an effective effort to build community resilience. Keywords: community resilience, disaster, Kalipancur village, landslide, SIBAT Team

Causes of Climate Change and Its Coping Up Strategies in Case of Gechi Woreda, Bunno Bedelle zone,South Western Ethiopia

This research was conducted to assess Causes of climate change and its coping up strategies in case of gechi woreda, south western Oromia, Ethiopia. Climate change refers to long term fluctuations of temperature, precipitation, wind and other elements of Earth’s climate system. It is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global and/or regional atmosphere. In order to achieve the objective of the study both primary and secondary data were used. The quantitative data was analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean while the qualitative data was used to triangulate and substantiate the study. To select the sample population, two different sample sizes were used with different sampling procedures stratified random sampling techniques was used to classify 2 kebeles of the woreda in 2 separate strata and simple random sampling technique was used to select kebeles that represent those strata. The result of the study indicated that Natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods in the types of changes of temperature and rainfall. It occurs because of internal variability within the climate system and external factors. The external causes may be natural or human induced activity. Human activities cause climate change mainly due to fossil fuel burning and removal of forests. To overcome this motivation of communities through distribution of technological energy (alternative energy) sources to reduce the human dependency on natural resources of the environment ,early warning system, information management, community-based disaster preparedness, and humanitarian actions are going to be critically essential to substantiate enabling environment for climate change adaptation is an appropriate strategies to minimize the impacts of climate changes. Keywords: Climate change, Climate change variability, Climate change drivers, Climate change mitigation, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/66-01 Publication date: June 30th 2020

A community-based approach to riverine management of the Kali Pepe in Surakarta

Most urban villages in Surakarta are situated in the riverine area. These villages experience the effects of urbanization. One of the most significant negative effects of urbanization in the riverine area of Kali Pepe is the environmental degradation of its ecosystem. This problem raises many issues, physical as well as social and economic. Therefore, urban villages need high levels of community resilience, which refers to the capacity of a community to resist various risks through specific management and adoption of good practices. This study focuses on community initiatives. These initiatives symbolize the endeavor to perceive, interact, or even adapt to the river’s condition. In Surakarta, there are various community initiatives such as Forum Solo Hijau, Ngerekso Lapen, SIBAT (which refers to Community-Based Disaster Preparedness) at the neighborhood scale in the urban villages of Sewu and Sangkrah. This research aims to identify the communities’ initiatives in the riverine area of Kali Pepe, Surakarta and understand how the local communities interact with the river. This research used the field research approach for data collection comprising in-depth interviews with local leaders and community representatives. This research used a qualitative-typological approach by analyzing the (1) formation process, (2) the role of actors, and (3) the aims of each community’s endeavor. The findings of this research provide a new perspective for understanding how communities experience the rivers and provide a guideline on how community initiatives can contribute to the sustainability of the river.

Community-based Disaster Management and Its Salient Features: A Policy Approach to People-centred Risk Reduction in Bangladesh

The discourse of disaster management has undergone significant change in recent years, shifting from relief and response to disaster risk reduction (DRR) and community-based management. Organisations and vulnerable countries engaged in DRR have moved from a reactive, top-down mode to proactive, community-focused disaster management. In this article, we focus on how national disaster management policy initiatives in Bangladesh are implementing community-based approaches at the local level and developing cross-scale partnerships to reduce disaster risk and vulnerability, thus enhancing community resilience to disasters. We relied chiefly on secondary data, employing content analysis for reviewing documents, which were supplemented by primary data from two coastal communities in Kalapara Upazila in Patuakhali District. Our findings revealed that to address the country’s vulnerabilities to natural disasters, the Government of Bangladesh has developed and implemented numerous national measures and policies over the years with the aim of strengthening community-focused risk reduction, decentralising disaster management, developing cross-scale partnerships and enhancing community resilience. Communities are working together to achieve an all-hazard management goal, accepting ownership to reduce vulnerability and actively participating in risk-reduction strategies at multiple levels. Community-based disaster preparedness activities are playing a critical role in developing their adaptive capacity and resilience to disasters. Further policy and research are required for a closer examination of the dynamics of community-based disaster management, the role of local-level institutions and community organisations in partnerships and resilience building for successful disaster management.

A global comparison of community-based responses to natural hazards

Abstract. Community-based disaster preparedness is an important component of disaster management. Knowledge of interventions that communities utilize in response to hazards is important to develop local-level capacity and increase community resilience. This paper systematically examines empirical information about local-level responses to hazards based on peer-reviewed, published case studies. We developed a data set based on 188 articles providing information from 318 communities from all regions of the world. We classified response examples to address four key questions: (i) what kinds of responses are used by communities all over the world? (ii) Do communities in different parts of the world use different kinds of responses? (iii) Are communities using hazard-specific responses? (iv) Are communities using a multi-hazard approach? We found that within an extensive literature on hazards, there is relatively little empirical information about community-based responses to hazards. Across the world, responses aiming at securing basic human needs are the most frequently reported kinds of responses. Although the notion of community-based disaster preparedness is gaining importance, very few examples of responses that draw on the social fabric of communities are reported. Specific regions of the world are lacking in their use of certain hazard responses classes. Although an all-hazard approach for disaster preparedness is increasingly recommended, there is a lack of multi-hazard response approaches on the local level.