Community Action Plan Research Articles

A qualitative exploration of how a community engagement approach influences community and health worker perceptions related to family planning service delivery in Togo.

There is a growing body of evidence that asserts community engagement approaches can improve the quality of reproductive health services. Family planning (FP) programs in Togo are implementing such approaches, which aim to mobilize both health workers and communities to improve FP service quality and FP uptake. However, there is not enough known about the enabling factors and challenges associated with implementation, or the extent to which the programs improve outcomes leading to contraceptive uptake. We qualitatively explored how a community engagement approach influenced health worker and community perceptions related to FP service delivery in and around the city of Lomé, Togo, within the context of the broader integration of social and behavior change and service delivery. We conducted 18 in-depth interviews with health workers and 9 focus group discussions with community members. We found the approach, which included community dialogues, site walkthrough visits and the development of community action plans, worked synergistically together to support collaborative action between communities and health workers to increase mutual understanding of their collective needs related to FP services. Community members cited improved reception at the health facilities by health workers and indicated that the site walkthrough visits created a greater sense of empathy towards the providers and the challenges faced in their work environment. Health workers acknowledged a greater understanding of barriers at the community level following community dialogues, particularly among community members that are not routinely encountered at the health facility for reproductive health services such as men and youth. We found limited implementation of health facility improvements included in community action plans because they were dependent on commitment from community leadership and the need to mobilize additional support or financial resources. Community engagement approaches are a promising mechanism to support collaboration and enhance mutual understanding between health workers and communities to achieve improved FP service quality. Future programs should consider incorporating additional mechanisms to monitor community action plans and provide support to address structural challenges at the facility level particularly those that require financial resources.

Tobacco use disparities in rural communities

This exploratory study described facilitators and barriers to reducing tobacco disparities in 2 small rural communities and identified ways to reduce tobacco use. This was a descriptive design using qualitative methods. We created a resource database for 2 rural Kentucky counties, using a Culture of Health Framework. We recruited 16 organizational stakeholders serving low-socioeconomic populations and conducted focus groups and key informant interviews. We also completed key informant interviews with 7 tobacco users. Lastly, we tailored Community Action Plans for each county based on the data and then solicited feedback from the key stakeholders. The 2 counties were similar in population size, but County A had fewer resources than County B, and the stakeholders expressed differences toward tobacco use and quitting. County A stakeholders talked most about the protobacco culture and that tobacco users accept the risks of smoking outweighing the benefits of quitting; they also expressed concerns about youth use and the influences of family, society, and industry. County B stakeholders described ambivalence about the health effects of use and quitting. County A's Action Plan identified an opportunity to build Community Health Worker-delivered tobacco treatment into a new school-based health center. County B's Action Plan focused on reaching tobacco users by providing incentives for participation and tailoring messages to different audiences. Tobacco control resources and stakeholder perspectives vary in small rural communities, implying a need for tailored approaches. Tobacco users in rural areas are a critical population to target with cessation resources.

Nurturing the Seeds of Participation: Unveiling the Foundational Path for Understanding Aging in Place Barriers and Facilitators From the Perspective of Older Adults Using Mixed Methods and Translational Science.

Participation in society is a cornerstone for quality of life, active aging, and aging in place. While the majority of older adults prefer aging in place, health and financial challenges can hinder this vision. Conducted in suburban South Jersey, this study utilized mixed methods, including surveys and interviews with older adult participants. Surveys indicated that satisfaction with participation in the community is influenced by functional ability, healthcare service availability, and information access. Interviewees identified suggestions to overcome barriers (e.g., improve access to community and address ageism). Combined results provide a theory of change which suggests older adults' empowerment in community participation hinges on home living support, participation options aligning with ability and interest, and accessible information on community events. This person-centered planning approach emphasizes the importance of older adult and stakeholder participation in foundational community planning, offering translational foundational tools for evidence-based strategies to engage them in future community action plans (CAPs).

Reducing risk for chronic disease: evaluation of a collective community approach to sustainable evidence-based health programming.

Community initiatives can shape health behaviors, such as physical activity and dietary habits, across a population and help reduce the risk of developing chronic disease. To achieve this goal and impact health outcomes, Pasadena Vibrant Community aimed to engage communities in an ongoing dialogue about the importance of healthy behaviors, implement and advance community-based strategies to promote health, and improve diet and physical activity behaviors. The initiative was centered around a collaboration between a backbone organization, steering committee, and 7 collaborating organizations funded to implement multicomponent, evidence-based programs.. The common agenda was detailed in a community action plan, which included 19 interventions targeting healthy eating and active living among adults and youth in Pasadena, Texas. A mixed methods evaluation of the initiative was conducted over 4years. Data sources included document reviews of quarterly progress reports (n = 86) and supplemental data reports (n = 16) provided by collaborating organizations, annual Steering Committee surveys (n = 4), and interviews conducted with staff from a subset of Collaborating Organizations (n = 4). The initiative reached over 50,000 community members per year through 19 evidence-based interventions and impacted health outcomes, including knowledge and adoption of healthy eating practices and increased physical activity. Thirty-one systems-level changes were implemented during the initiative, including 16 environmental changes. Steering Committee meetings and shared goals enabled connections, communication, and cooperation, which allowed Collaborating Organizations to address challenges and combine resources to deliver their programs. Community initiatives can effectively permeate the community by reaching individuals, improving physical activity and dietary habits, and ensuring sustainability. Based on the experience reported here, the success of a community initiative can be facilitated if collaborating organizations come together to implement evidence-based interventions and tailor them to the community, and if they are empowered by significant leadership and supportive collaboration and aligned by a common agenda.

Inclusion of persons living with disabilities in a district-wide sanitation programme: A cross-sectional study in rural Malawi.

Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is embraced as a key strategy to achieve universal sanitation coverage (Sustainable Development Goal 6.2). Although inclusion is identified as a predictor of CLTS success, people living with disabilities are often excluded from community sanitation programmes and there is limited research exploring CLTS participation amongst people living with disabilities. This study aims to explore the extent to which people living with disabilities participated in a CLTS intervention delivered in rural Malawi using standard approaches. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Chiradzulu district of Malawi. A household questionnaire was administered to collect information about CLTS participation. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to compare participation in different CLTS activities between households with (n = 80) and without a member with a disability (n = 167), and between household members with (n = 55) and without a disability (n = 226). No difference in CLTS participation was observed at the household-level, but there were marked differences in CLTS participation between household members with and without a disability. Household members without a disability felt they could give more input in triggering activities (OR = 3.72, 95%CI 1.18-11.73), and reported higher participation in the transect walk (OR = 4.03, 95%CI 1.45-11.18), community action planning (OR = 2.89, 95%CI 1.36-6.13), and follow-up visits (OR = 3.37, 95%CI 1.78-6.40) compared to household members with disabilities. There was no difference in the likelihood of being invited to triggering (OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.41-2.36), attending triggering (OR = 2.09, 95%CI 0.98-4.46), or participating in community mapping (OR = 2.38, 95%CI 0.71-7.98) between household members with and without a disability. This study revealed intra-household inequalities in CLTS participation. To improve participation in CLTS interventions, facilitators should be trained on action steps to make CLTS more inclusive. Further research could include an in-depth analysis of predictors of CLTS participation amongst people living with disabilities, including disability types, severity and age.

Abstract A027: Creating partnerships to deliver community-based interventions for cancer prevention in a historically African American community

Abstract Be Well Communities™ is MD Anderson’s signature place-based approach for cancer prevention and control, working with communities to promote wellness and address modifiable risk factors for cancer. In this project, the planning phase of the Be Well Communities’ model was implemented in Acres Homes, a neighborhood in northwest Houston with more than 57,000 residents. While the changing demographics show increasing numbers of residents of Hispanic descent (43% of the population), Acres Homes still experiences effects of a legacy of Blacks experiencing poverty; more than half of the population of Acres Homes resides in census tracts that are considered areas of persistent poverty. Further, it is a medically underserved area with relatively high rates of unhealthy behaviors, as compared to Healthy People 2030 goals. To work toward addressing the disparities in health outcomes experienced by community residents, a community advisory group (Steering Committee) including residents, non-profit organizations, health care partners, city and county agencies, plus other stakeholders, was convened and aligned through a structured process to develop shared goals, foster multisector collaboration (as measured by a stakeholder survey administered twice), and enhance community capacity to improve health outcomes through development of a Community Action Plan. Clear, achievable goals were developed, multisector collaboration was enhanced, and more than 400 hours of capacity building support led to a Community Action Plan focused on healthy eating and active living, including 15 evidence-based interventions led by 18 organizations. The majority (93%) of the Steering Committee reports that this plan reflects community priorities and will reach the residents most in need. In the first 2 years of implementation nearly 40% of the residents of the community have been reached by programs including more than 5,000 residents participating in physical activity opportunities, classes and over 1000 individuals receiving outreach from a Community Health Worker within the safety-net hospital system to receive access to healthy food access and nutrition education programming. By listening and developing trust, the Be Well Communities team successfully worked with Acres Homes residents and organizations to enhance community capacity to address health inequities in one of Houston’s most historic communities. Citation Format: Ruth Rechis, Haley Gardiner, Katy Oestman, Stephanie Nutt, Michael T. Walsh Jr.. Creating partnerships to deliver community-based interventions for cancer prevention in a historically African American community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A027.

Be Well™ Acres Homes: a community-driven, evidence-based approach to reduce health inequities through sustained cross-sector partnership

PurposeBe Well Communities™ is MD Anderson’s signature place-based approach for cancer prevention and control, working with communities to promote wellness and address modifiable risk factors for cancer. The purpose of this paper is to describe implementation of the planning phase of the Be Well Communities model in Acres Homes which began in 2019.MethodsA community advisory group (Steering Committee) including residents, non-profit organizations, health care partners, city and county agencies, plus other stakeholders, was convened and aligned through a structured process to develop shared goals, foster multisector collaboration, as measured by a stakeholder survey administered twice, and enhance community capacity to improve health outcomes through development of a Community Action Plan.ResultsClear, achievable goals were developed, multisector collaboration was enhanced, and more than 400 h of capacity building support led to a Community Action Plan initially focused on healthy eating and active living, including 15 evidence-based interventions led by 18 organizations. The majority (93%) of the Steering Committee reports that this plan reflects community priorities and will reach the residents most in need.ConclusionBy listening and developing trust, the Be Well Communities team successfully worked with Acres Homes residents and organizations to enhance community capacity to address health inequities in one of Houston’s most diverse and historic communities.

Using Geospatial Information for Sustainable Small Farm and Dairy Processing Cluster Development of Community-Based in a Small City of Indonesia

Cluster development based on community participation is one way to increase farmers’ income. The cow-milk processing cluster is one of the promising clusters in Salatiga City. Dairy cow’s milk is a well-known product in Salatiga City, including in Kumpulrejo Area/Kelurahan. Kumpulrejo Area has various dairy products, including cheese, chips, and ice cream. However, the production of dairy products could be more sustainable, but only by consumer demand. Another obstacle is the need for more marketing and sales facilities from business actors to market existing dairy products, and the presence of COVID-19 and Foot and Mouth Diseases also impacts production activities. A dairy product processing cluster in Kumpulrejo Area is an effort to increase the economic value chain of business actors for dairy products in Kumpulrejo Area. This study analyzes the master plan of the area by using geospatial information. The master plan document is vital in the development of this cluster by involving the participation of the Kumpulrejo Area community, in this case, the Farmers Groups, which is the main subject of the Community Action Plan (CAP), through community discussion activities (CAP Workshop/FGDs). Before the process, it was previously conducting field observations, interviews, and distributing questionnaires in Pre-CAP. The observation determines the condition of dairy cow’s milk production activities in Kumpulrejo Area. In addition to gaining participation from the community, other stakeholders, such as local government and academics, also play a role in preparing the master plan document. The realization of the milk processing cluster in Kumpulrejo Area is expected to improve the income of the community in Kumpulrejo Area.

Measuring Community Resilience and Its Determinants: Relocated Vulnerable Community in Western China.

With the full implementation of poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR), the restoration and improvement of the comprehensive living standards of relocated households have received increasing attention from policy researchers. The measurement of resilience and its determinants provides new ideas for PAR at the community level. This article proposes a method for examining community resilience in the context of PAR through a survey of 459 relocated households in western China and uses regression analysis to identify the determinants of community resilience. The results showed that the four dimensions of community resilience, in descending order, included: environmental resilience, economic resilience, management resilience, and social resilience. Income level and livelihood diversification were positively correlated with the community resilience index. Relocation time, relocation type, and resettlement mode were all essential determinants of the community resilience of relocated households. Finally, some suggestions were put forward, such as the need to build an interpersonal relationship network, guide pure farmers and non-farmers to transform into diversified livelihood households, and formulate a unified community action plan and interest protection mechanism so as to provide a reference for decision-making among managers to make decisions.

Global level of international environmental security in modern international environmental law

The article deals with the analysis of the global level of international environmental security. It is argued that the global level of international environmental security is a state of the environment that prevents the deterioration of the environment and the threat to human health across the globe.The article examines major international instruments that address the environmental issues of the global level of international environmental security: the Ozone Layer Convention and the Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances; the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to it limiting and reducing greenhouse gas emissions not regulated by the Montreal Protocol, as well as other substances that cause or can cause climate change; The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, the Nagoya Protocol on the Access to Genetic Resources and Sharing on a Fair and Equal Benefit from Their Utilization, the Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Additional Protocol on Liability and Compensation for the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; International Tropical Timber Agreement; International Tropical Timber Agreement; United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Countries Affected by Serious Drought and / or Desertification, especially in Africa. In analyzing international instruments that operate at the global level of international environmental security, attention is paid not only to the practice of foreign states in the implementation of the provisions of these conventions, but also to the contribution of Ukraine to their implementation. The conclusion is drawn to the need for the development and endorsement by the world community ofspecific strategies, action plans and immediate measures that can resist or even eliminate the consequences of dangerous environmental situations. The peculiarity of these measures is their scale: they must be carried out for the entire planet Earth.

Assessing Community-Based Public Health Plans: An Example From US Army Injury Prevention.

The US Army requires community health coalitions to develop action plans for their top public health priorities. To date, the US Army has not implemented a standardized review process for community action plans. This project used the Plan Quality Index (PQI), an evidence-based, standardized tool, to evaluate injury prevention action plans created by injury prevention teams (IPTs). 17 Army installations. 17 IPT leads; 5 Health Promotion Program Officers. Implementation of the PQI to evaluate the strength of injury prevention action plans and make recommendations for quality improvement to drive reductions in injuries at 17 Army installations. PQI total scores for high- (≥50 points on the PQI) and low-ranking plans (<50 points on the PQI) were assessed for differences using t tests of the mean PQI score. Chi-square tests were employed to identify differences in meeting criteria between high- and low-scoring plans. PQI total scores ranged from 9 to 78 points out of 80. The weakest planning elements among all plans were lack of use of SMART objectives (18%), lack of identification of responsible parties (18%), absent evaluation plan (24%), and lack of timelines (35%). The mean score for the high-ranking plans (64.6 ± 9.5) was significantly higher than the mean score for the low-ranking plans (26.2 ± 12.7) ( P < .001). Mean scores for clarity, effectiveness, and quality were all significantly higher for the high-ranking plans than for the low-ranking plans ( P = .014, P = .002, and P < .001, respectively). The PQI tool provides a framework for objective, standardized, and evidence-based feedback and recommendations for improving community health plans. The project identified examples of high-quality action plans and provided actionable recommendations for plan improvement to facilitate sustainability of initiatives addressing injuries, which have long posed a threat to military health and readiness.

Assessing community readiness to reduce consumption of sugary drinks in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: A useful tool for evaluation and co-design.

There is a need for culturally appropriate methods in the implementation and evaluation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health programs. A group of Indigenous and non-Indigenous practitioners culturally adapted and applied the Tri-Ethnic Research Centre's Community Readiness Tool (CRT) to evaluate change in community readiness and reflect on its appropriateness. Aboriginal community-controlled health service staff informed the cultural adaptation of the standard CRT. The adapted CRT was then used at baseline and 12-month follow-up in three remote communities in the Cape York region, Queensland, Australia. Program implementation occurred within a pilot project aiming to influence availability of drinking water and sugary drinks. The adapted CRT was found to be feasible and useful. Overall mean readiness scores increased in two communities, with no change in the third community. CRT interview data were used to develop community action plans with key stakeholders that were tailored to communities' stage of readiness. Considerations for future application of the CRT were the importance of having a pre-defined issue, time and resource-intensiveness of the process, and need to review appropriateness prior to implementation in other regions. The adapted CRT was valuable for evaluating the project and co-designing strategies with stakeholders, and holds potential for further applications in health promotion in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. SO WHAT?: This project identified benefits of CRT application not reported elsewhere. The adapted CRT adds a practical method to the toolkits of health promotors and evaluators for working in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities to address priority concerns.

“Emancipatory Circuits of Knowledge” for Urban Equality: Experiences From Havana, Freetown, and Asia

Feminist, Southern, and decolonial thinkers have long argued that epistemological questions about how knowledge is produced and whose knowledge is valued and actioned are crucial in addressing inequalities, and a key challenge for planning. This collaborative article interrogates how knowledge is mobilised in urban planning and practice, discussing three experiences which have actively centred often-excluded voices, as a way of disrupting knowledge hierarchies in planning. We term these “emancipatory circuits of knowledge”—processes whereby diverse, situated, and marginalised forms of knowledge are co-produced and mobilised across urban research and planning, to address inequalities. We discuss experiences from the Technological University José Antonio Echeverría (CUJAE), a university in Havana, Cuba, that privileges a fluid and collaborative understanding of universities as social actors; the Sierra Leone Urban Research Centre, a research institute in the city of Freetown, which curates collective and inclusive spaces for community action planning, to challenge the legacies of colonial-era planning; and the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, a regional network across Asia, which facilitates processes of exchange and co-learning which are highly strategic and situated in context, to advance community-led development. Shared across these “emancipatory circuits” are three “sites of impact” through which these partners have generated changes: encouraging inclusive policy and planning outcomes; shifting the planning praxis of authorities, bureaucrats, and researchers; and nurturing collective trajectories through building solidarities. Examining these three sites and their challenges, we query how urban knowledge is produced and translated towards epistemic justice, examining the tensions and the possibilities for building pathways to urban equality.&lt;p&gt;Shared across these ‘emancipatory circuits’ are three layered ‘sites of impact’ through which these partners have generated changes: encouraging inclusive policy and planning outcomes; shifting the planning praxis of authorities, bureaucrats and researchers; and nurturing collective trajectories through processes of building solidarities. Examining these three sites and their challenges, we query the ways in which urban knowledge is produced and translated towards epistemic justice –examining the tensions and the possibilities for building pathways to urban equality.&lt;/p&gt;

The Power of Strengthening Capacity of African Feminists: Case of Uganda’s African Women Leadership Institute (AWLI) Alumnae

This study sought to establish the impact of leadership development on creating more socially just systems in which women’s rights and gender justice are realised – first by practicing the knowledge acquired as individuals and within their organisations, including movements for change within communities Specifically, the objective of the study was to explore or examine and document the extent which AWLI participants acquired new knowledge and skills and how the same manifested in the implementation of the post training activities including their community action plans, from an impact lens. The study is an exercise in feminist epistemology and ontology – analysis by doing – tracing and mapping the contributions of AWLI’s feminist movement in Uganda. The analysis comes from the ground up, reflecting the feminist commitments to self-awareness and reflexivity, generating new knowledge, building organisations and movements, and transforming society. The study conceptual framework borrows from Kirkpatrick Model (1996) four steps for evaluating learning. A mixed approach to the study was adopted where 21 AWLI participants were purposively targeted using an online self-administering survey with follow up interviews via skype calls. On knowledge acquisition, 97.0% interviewees reported that the training had imparted them with new knowledge and skills in feminist leadership. All interviewees reported that the training was useful and relevant in advancing their personal feminist development agenda while 90.9% found the training to be useful and relevant in advancing their organisation agenda. Additionally, all the interviewees reported to have implemented the training to advance their personal and organisational development agendas. Indeed, the participants acquired new knowledge and skills on transformational and feminist leadership, based on the feedback received. Evidence suggests that the AWLI participants have changed how they look at every occurrence in their life which has generally changed their perception hence becoming more optimistic in life. For young feminists, they have become more emphatic and more aware of the patriarchal social norms that exist in their societies. Additionally, there is demonstrable evidence that the participants have taken up leadership roles in championing women issues in their communities including building capacity of other women and appreciating other women. For young upcoming feminists this will go a long way in building a movement of young feminists who understand women’s human right issues, and a cadre of young feminist who can influence other young women hence building a strong movement at the community level. Evidence also suggest that some participants have gained confidence to publish feminist knowledge products. Self-awareness and instilled transformational and feminist leadership have had a direct impact in the organisations that the participants represent. Gender-focused programming has also been strengthened where gender-focused issues are integrated in programmes. For marginalised populations such as sex workers organisations, the training helped in building their capacity, especially on their rights. The mainstreaming of gender in recruitment and remuneration processes within organisations will ensure that organisations remain inclusive and gender conscious in their human resources packages. The AWLI also had an impact within the feminist ecosystem in Uganda where 8,885 were influenced.

PERCONTOHAN PAGAR PENGAMAN RUANG TERBUKA DI KELURAHAN KALIANYAR

Kalianyar settlement has the highest density in Indonesia. These conditions make this settlement vulnerable to fire hazards. The need for open space, the dense environmental conditions, as well as the possibility of fire hazards require residents to prepare for the disaster threat. Understanding and skills regarding the disaster mitigation development and maintenance of open space is necessary to maximize the use of space, to improve the quality of the environment, as well as the skills of citizens. Community action plan is very important to improve the environment quality. The aim of this program is to provide a safety fence based on community action plan. The method used in this program is assisting the development process. This program can optimize the use of space while improving the environment quality. Participants were neighborhood officers and residents at RT 02 RW 07. The result showed that the sense of belonging to the open space can be improved through the fence construction pilot project. The sense of belonging is shown by painting the safety fence independently by residents.

Community Action Plan for Adolescent Substance Use Prevention: The First Step to Creating a Community Participatory Action

Background: The study was designed to explore and catalyze the development of action plan for adolescent substance use prevention in a rural community in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a two-phase multi-method design. The first phase was a quantitative assessment that determined the real-life situation of adolescents’ substance use in the community using 417 respondents. Contemporaneously, the second qualitative phase focused on the development of an action plan by community stakeholders for adolescent substance use prevention using thirty (30) participants selected through purposive sampling. The reliability of the instrument for quantitative data was established using a test re-test method and computed using Pearson moment correlation. A coefficient of 0.8 was obtained. Validity was established for both quantitative and qualitative instruments. The generated data were subjected to descriptive statistics whereas the qualitative data from respondents’ narratives were analysed thematically. Result: The data revealed that participants who have ever used substances consisted of 128 (59.5%) males and 87 (40.5%) females. The findings on the opinion of 30 participants interviewed about the consequences of substance use brought out majorly four consequences of substance use. The result of catalysing the involvement of community residents towards developing community action for adolescent substance use showed that the challenges associated with adolescents’ substance use as identified by the participants were discussed under one theme—living with the cause and three elements. Conclusion: Substance use prevention policies and plans in the local community have strong potential for stimulating local adolescent substance use prevention actions.

The Possibilities for an Urban Community Action Plan and Collaborative Work Support for Slum Improvement: A Case Study in Jakarta

This study describes community development in the preparation for a community action plan for slum management in DKI Jakarta. The case study chosen for this research is the Akuarium village. The existence of slums is an inseparable part of the development of a city. The slum area contributes to several problems such as population density, building conditions, ventilation, sanitation, garbage, drainage, environmental roads, lighting and building layout. In an effort to overcome these problems, it is important to develop a community development concept that emphasizes the participation of the community through collaborative work between the government and citizens in the development process. The research that has been done has not touched on the substance of the problem faced by the urban poor and how the community plays a role in supporting the program. The purpose of this research is to find out how community-based development patterns can encourage collaborative work of each actor in structuring slum villages in DKI Jakarta. In this study, the method used is qualitative with in-depth interviews and data processing using the Nvivo 12+ application. The results showed that the principles of community development, including integrated development, participation, sustainable development, empowerment, and human rights, greatly influence the collaborative work of various stakeholders in planning an Akuarium development action plan.

Strategies to Enhance Adherence to Participatory Village Land use Plans in Ulanga District in Tanzania

Land use plans have been considered as a solution to land use problems. Effectiveness of implementation of land use plan relies on a number of factors including strategies that are used to enhance adherence to the land use plan. For the study area, current and potential strategies to enhance adherence to land use plans had previously not been assessed. Thus this study assessed current and potential strategies used to enhance adherence to participatory village land use plans in Ulanga District, Tanzania. Data were collected through household survey of 120 respondents from two villages, key informants interviews, focus group discussions, field observation, review of guidelines for land use planning, village and use plans, district land use framework, books and journals. Information from household survey and village records were descriptively analysed to obtain frequencies and percentages. Information from key informants and focus groups was analysed by content analysis. Current strategies used included by-laws, boundary demarcation, zoning, community action plan, and conflict resolution. The current strategies were ineffectively implemented and enforced due to inadequate awareness, inadequate fines and penalties, funding limitations, weak governance and inefficient coordination and monitoring. Potential strategies that should be implemented include education, awareness raising, capacity building and benefit sharing.

Creating a Nonprofit Spin-Off to Implement a Community Health Improvement Plan: A Case Study of a Midsize Health Department in the Midwest.

A common problem faced by local health departments is engaging cross-sector stakeholders to achieve shared community goals. Community engagement is critical for effective Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) development and implementation, while also being a standard for health department accreditation. This case study describes one city-county health department's development of a nonprofit arm to act as a catalyst for connecting community leaders to identify and collaboratively address community health goals. First, we describe our process to develop a nonprofit entity and strategically recruit community members to comprise the founding board of directors. Then, we describe methods employed by the nonprofit to create a community action plan in response to identified community health needs and how we incentivized progress. We evaluated our process using a mixed-methods approach and conclude that a nonprofit arm of a health department can be a novel strategy for effectively engaging community stakeholders to advance community health.

How Far Is The Community Involved in Structuring Sustainable Settlements in Indonesia?

This Study describes community involvement in the development planning process through the community action plan program. The case study in this research takes the process of structuring the Bukit Duri village in South Jakarta, Indonesia. In this study, the method used is qualitative with in-depth interviews, online media content analysis and data processing using the Nvivo 12+ application. The object of research is whether the Community Action Plan (CAP) program can provide solutions to the residents of Bukit Duri and what is the role of the actors involved in implementing the Community Action Plan (CAP) program. The results showed that the Community Action Plan (CAP) program was not successful in being implemented in Bukit Duri, South Jakarta due to the lack of a collaborative process from related parties such as citizens, government and civil society. Other obstacles in implementing the program include the availability of land, legality, and community commitment. Future research is expected to be able to discuss alternative policies taken by the government after the failure of implementing the community action plan.