Scientific Community Research Articles

Holistic learning and optimization scheme for wireless networks

AbstractFuture networks are expected to use Artificial Intelligence and machine learning applications intensely. The primary focus of machine learning techniques will be on intelligent automation and decision‐making based on information learned from network functions, resources, and users. The research community has studied several schemes for using machine learning in communications and networks in the last two decades. However, the schemes mainly focus on learning the state information of individual network functions and resources and performing their optimization in a standalone fashion. Recently, a study group from the International Telecommunication Union has outlined machine learning pipeline requirements. It addresses several aspects of machine learning operations, such as model selection, data sources, and action points. However, the mechanisms to define the state of network functions and resources for different network layers and domains are yet to be explored. Therefore, in addition to the above, specific studies are required for cross‐layer and administrative domain knowledge sharing and holistic optimization. Without considering the holistic view, applying machine learning to optimizing individual functions and resources may result in nonoptimal and unexpected behaviors instead of having any positive effect. The need for global and deep holistic learning has recently been identified in the literature; however, no implementation of the above scheme has been studied or evaluated for networks. This article proposes a novel approach, implementing global and deep holistic learning in wireless networks toward fulfilling the requirements of future intelligent networks. It also proposes an objective function‐based feature engineering for wireless networks. Experimental results of the proposed scheme show significant improvements in the network performance and accuracy of the machine learning models. Moreover, applications of transfer learning to base learners for network functions and resources can significantly expedite decision‐making with reduced computational costs.

Data gap or biodiversity gap? Evaluating apparent spatial biases in community science observations of Odonata in the east-central United States

Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) have become popular study organisms for insect-based climate studies, due to the taxon’s strong sensitivity to environmental conditions, and an enthusiastic following by community scientists due to their charismatic appearance and size. Where formal records of this taxon can be limited, public efforts have provided nearly 1,500,000 open-sourced odonate records through online databases, making real-time spatio-temporal monitoring more feasible. While these databases can be extensive, concerns regarding these public endeavors have arisen from a variety of sources: records may be biased by human factors (ex: density, technological access) which may cause erroneous interpretations. Indeed, records of odonates in the east-central US documented in the popular database iNaturalist bear striking patterns corresponding to political boundaries and other human activities. We conducted a ‘ground-truthing’ study using a structured sampling method to examine these patterns in an area where community science reports indicated variable abundance, richness, and diversity which appeared to be linked to observation biases. Our observations were largely consistent with patterns recorded by community scientists, suggesting these databases were indeed capturing representative biological trends and raising further questions about environmental drivers in the observed data gaps.

The sphere of exposure: centering user experience in community science air monitoring

Community science has increased in popularity in communities where residents hope to investigate the relationship between environmental issues and personal health. This study partnered with neighborhoods in the most polluted residential zip code in the US to conduct community science air quality monitoring. We conducted 60 semi-structured interviews after two monitoring deployments to understand participants’ subjective experiences of pollution exposure, their engagement with low-cost air quality monitors, and their data interpretation. We utilize the environmental health concept ‘exposure experience’ to analyze how participants use personal monitors, understand their data, and reinterpret their pollution exposure as a result. We further explore how participants’ understandings are circumscribed by the technological features of low-cost monitors. We find that participants adopt both protective and mitigating behavioral changes based on information gained from personal experiments and hypothesis testing while using the monitors. Of their own accord, 40% of participants in this study adopted mitigation behaviors after identifying sources that impacted their personal air quality. Our analysis reveals that real-time data accessibility through low-cost monitors builds exposure awareness and enables residents of environmental justice communities to test, validate, or invalidate sensory experiences and challenge existing assumptions. These findings point to specific pathways for using low-cost monitors to support individual decision-making and contribute to behavioral change. Findings also identify some limitations of low-cost monitors; designers of low-cost monitors should consider how composite Air Quality Scores may encourage community scientists to equally value scientifically-established pollutants (e.g., PM) with less scientifically-established pollutants (e.g., TVOCs), without additional scientific training and health-related information.

В.С. Соловьев и современные проблемы историографии и источниковедения русской философии

The article presents answers to the following questions formulated by the editorial board of the journal “Solovyov Studies”: How do you assess the current state of research in this field and, in particular, the heritage of V.S. Solovyov? Is there obvious success in publishing the heritage of Russian philosophers and rather sufficient activity of relevant studies? What are the failures and what, in your opinion, are the reasons for them? In recent years in the community of researchers of the history of Russian philosophy one can hear the opinion that the philosophical heritage of V.S. Solovyov is irrelevant. In your opinion, has Solovyov lost his relevance? What aspects of his philosophical, literary and journalistic legacy have not yet been sufficiently developed, are there prospects for the development of the philosophy of unitotality, or does it belong entirely to history? The significance of V.S. Solovyov's legacy as the first, most developed philosophical system and the relevance of his teachings as the most successful example of philosophical thought in Russian are considered. The contribution of V.S. Solovyov to the development of philosophical terminology in Russia is pointed out. A brief outline of the historiography of Russian philosophy is given. It is noted that there is not a large number of critical editions of the sources of Russian philosophy, that the research of the history of Russian philosophy is not a priority in national science and educational policy, that there is not enough historiographical reflection. Modern researchers of Russian philosophy have not formulated fundamentally new approaches and belong to the same historiographical paradigm as the authors of the early 20th century. The situation can be changed by creating a new historical and philosophical narrative.

"He was a European, an educated man". Foreign contacts of Professor Adam Schaff (1913-2006) based on provenance analysis of selected copies from his book collection

The article presents the results of the research conducted on the topic “The private book collection of Professor Adam Schaff in the collections of the Joint Libraries of the Faculties of Philosophy and Sociology of the University of Warsaw, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the Polish Philosophical Society”[1]. Professor Adam Schaff (1913–2006) gathered an extensive book collection during his many years of academic work, falling during the Polish People’s Republic period. After his death, it was transferred to the Joint Libraries of WFiS UW, IFiS PAN, and PTF[2]. A. Schaff maintained contact with many foreign scholars specializing in philosophy and sociology, which directly influenced the analyzed collection. The article contains a qualitative, quantitative, and provenance analysis of this book collection. Provenance and bibliographic methods were used to study the characteristics of selected copies, making it possible to reconstruct Schaff’s contacts with the foreign scientific community. [1] Master’s thesis, supervisor: Prof. Jacek Puchalski, University of Warsaw, 2023. [2] Joint Libraries of the Faculties of Philosophy and Sociology of the University of Warsaw, the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the Polish Philosophical Society (PB WFiS UW, IFiS PAN, and PTF) is the proper name of the institution established in the 1950s, which consisted of 3 combined libraries, with joint staff and premises, but separate assets and thematically complementary book collections in philosophy and sociology.

SOME OF THE CONCEPTUAL AND REGULATORY LEGAL PROBLEMS OF SCIENTIFICRESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The subject of article was the discussion by the scientific community of the country of the draft Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Science and Technology Policy" and, in this regard, to try to find a solution to some of the problems existing in research activities. The authors of the article discuss concepts that are an important basis for the form and content of the future law, because the conceptual documents outline in detail the priorities of the development of science in important spheres of life of the Kazakh society, substantiate the demand for the adoption of this law. The authors of the article, for example, see the main problem as the lack of communication between the scientific self-supporting centers of the university and teaching staff, who should be interested in commercializing their scientific product. The characteristics of the state of legal regulation through comparative analysis should show the advantages of foreign law enforcement practice and how to properly use their positive experience for the development of legislation in their own country. The future Law on Science and Technology Policy should radically change approaches and generate trends. Of interest are the problems raised by the author in the field of science and technological development, the preparation of scientific research in higher educational institutions, the transformation of many universities in the country into research universities, the involvement of teaching staff in collective scientific activity in the form of grant research, and of course, the issues of commercialization of Kazakh science. The final provisions of the authors of the study boil down to the fact that the new Law on Science should work only if the vector is changed towards the integration of science and business, where business structures will really help scientists achieve the highest results in the implementation of commercialization projects, by involving university teaching staff in research activities, so that they implement their scientific results in education, in the future they opened new production facilities, in order to organize new jobs, tax revenues to the budget, there must be implement a real "reset" of their system in favor of the "human-centric" component.

Assessing anthropogenic influences on the water quality of Gomati River using an innovative weighted fuzzy soft set based water pollution rating system

The increasing pollution of river systems poses a significant challenge to water quality management and public health. This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of the Gomati River in India, focusing on the impact of anthropogenic activities on pollution levels across different seasons. The primary objective was to develop a comprehensive assessment model using an effective weighted fuzzy soft expert system (WFSES) to derive a weighted water pollution score (WWP-score) for rating water pollution levels based on various water quality parameters. To achieve this, we employed a fuzzy soft set (FSS) methodology integrated with a weighted fuzzy soft set (WFSS) model to analyze water quality indices at six sampling stations along the Gomati River, the largest river in Tripura, India. Originating from the Raima and Sarma streams, the river flows westward through key regions, providing 249.39 million cubic meters of water annually, essential for drinking, agriculture, fishing, and transportation. The study utilized crisp data summaries of key water quality parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, chloride, total alkalinity, and total coliform, across the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons from May 2022 to April 2023, guided by the distribution of waste discharge points. Fuzzy membership functions were defined for these parameters, and the root mean square (RMSQR) operation was used to combine multiple FSSs. The results revealed that the WWP-scores, a measure of water quality, ranged from 0.744 to 0.872 across the sampling stations, with Srimantapur exhibiting the highest level of pollution and Udaipur showing comparatively better quality. These scores indicate that water quality at all sites falls into the poor category, with Srimantapur experiencing the most severe contamination due to high levels of coliform bacteria and organic pollutants. The analysis highlights the impact of domestic wastewater and agricultural runoff on the river's health. This research offers a novel application of FSS and WFSS theory in environmental management, providing a robust framework for evaluating and ranking water quality across multiple parameters. The findings are valuable to the scientific community as they offer detailed insights into the pollution dynamics of the Gomati River and propose a methodological approach for assessing water quality in other river systems facing similar challenges. The study's results underscore the need for targeted pollution control measures and continuous monitoring to safeguard water resources and public health.

INFLUENCE OF THE ISLAMIC FACTOR ON TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SYSTEM IN KAZAKHSTAN AND CENTRAL ASIA

The article examines theoretical and conceptual approaches to the study of the influence of Islam and the Islamic factor in the discourse of transformational socio-political processes in Kazakhstan and the Central Asian region. Understanding and interpreting current paradigms and trends in the development of Islam and related sociocultural, socio-political processes facilitates the orientation of our country and society in the changing realities of the world order. The development of possible mechanisms for regulating modernization processes in our country in the field of state-confessional policy has great academic and practical significance for the domestic scientific community. The article also examines differences in the interpretation of Islam among different communities in the region, as well as the impact of global trends on religious practices and political activism. Overall, the article aims to highlight the complex dynamics between Islam and socio-political life in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, focusing on the key transformational processes and challenges facing regional societies.

"Hommage bien amical". Foreign contacts of Professor Barbara Skarga (1919-2009) based on provenance analysis of selected copies from her private book collection

The article presents the effect of the research conducted on the subject “Private book collection of Professor Barbara Skarga within the library collection of the Joint Libraries of the Faculties of Philosophy and Sociology of the University of Warsaw, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Philosophical Society”. During many years of her scientific career, Professor Barbara Skarga (1919–2009) gathered a vast and diverse book collection. After her death, following her final will, it was handed over to the Joint Libraries of the WFiS UW, IFiS PAN, and PTF and included in the Institute of Philosophy of the Polish Academy of Sciences library resources. Barbara Skarga cooperated with many institutions that gathered researchers specializing in philosophy, as well as sociology and theology, which influenced the contents of her book collection. This article includes qualitative, quantitative, and provenance analyses of Skarga’s book collection. Using the provenance and bibliographical methods allowed us to recreate the history of the book collection and Skarga’s contacts with, among others, the French scientific community.

A research data management (RDM) community for ELIXIR

Research data management (RDM) is central to the implementation of the FAIR (Findable Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and Open Science principles. Recognising the importance of RDM, ELIXIR Platforms and Nodes have invested in RDM and launched various projects and initiatives to ensure good data management practices for scientific excellence. These projects have resulted in a rich set of tools and resources highly valuable for FAIR data management. However, these resources remain scattered across projects and ELIXIR structures, making their dissemination and application challenging. Therefore, it becomes imminent to coordinate these efforts for sustainable and harmonised RDM practices with dedicated forums for RDM professionals to exchange knowledge and share resources. The proposed ELIXIR RDM Community will bring together RDM experts to develop ELIXIR’s vision and coordinate its activities, taking advantage of the available assets. It aims to coordinate RDM best practices and illustrate how to use the existing ELIXIR RDM services. The Community will be built around three integral pillars, namely, a network of RDM professionals, RDM knowledge management and RDM training expertise and resources. It will also engage with external stakeholders to leverage benefits and provide a forum to RDM professionals for regular knowledge exchange, capacity building and development of harmonised RDM practices, keeping in line with the overall scope of the RDM Community. In the short term, the Community aims to build upon the existing resources and ensure that the content of these remain up to date and fit for purpose. In the long run, the Community will aim to strengthen the skills and knowledge of its RDM professionals to support the emerging needs of the scientific community. The Community will also devise an effective strategy to engage with other ELIXIR structures and international stakeholders to influence and align with developments and solutions in the RDM field.

Fight or flight? responses of rodents to predator cues: a review

Rodents are common prey for a wide range of predators, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. Some of the predators (e.g., owls) depend solely on rodents for food, reducing their population significantly. Rodents respond to predators by changing behaviours to protect themselves against the enemies. Further, rodents have evolved advanced sensory capabilities that enable them to detect and effectively respond to predator cues to enhance their chances of survival. If rodents can detect their predators by chemical communication, these compounds can be extracted to repel rodents away from foods in farms and houses. However, the scientific community lacks knowledge of this phenomenon. Thus, we have reviewed the literature to get enough evidence to prove that rodents respond to predators by chemical communication. Our findings demonstrated that rodents react immediately to predatory threats by hiding or sleeping, exhibiting rapid eye movements, grouping, increased alertness, aggression, heightened anxiety, reduced activity, freezing, and avoidance. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to these cues can lead to gene changes and trigger the release of stress hormones such as corticosterone. Stress in rodents can cause hormonal imbalances, leading to decreased reproduction or smaller than normal litters. This knowledge can be used to develop alternative methods for rodent control, which can reduce reliance on poisons and promote eco-friendly and sustainable approaches to managing rodent populations. However, the majority of these ant-predatory responses have only undergone laboratory testing, providing limited field-based information. Therefore, further studies are recommended to investigate ant-predatory responses, especially those involving chemical communication, in real-world environments.

Модели сетевого адаптивного взаимодействия организаций в условиях принятия решения доминирующим собственником о реализации проекта

In modern business conditions, the network interaction of organizations is one of the most effective forms of cooperation within the framework of the project. The ability of the network to adapt to changing factors and conditions of the external and internal environment based on the reactive management of business processes of project interaction ensures not only the achievement of project goals, but also the satisfaction of the complementary interests of all counterparties. The process of developing the author's model includes an analysis of existing models of network interaction between organizations, the study of methods and approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of such interaction, as well as the identification of key factors influencing the success of the project. The results obtained will improve the understanding of the processes of networking between organizations in the implementation of projects, as well as develop recommendations to improve the effectiveness of such interaction. The results can also be useful both for the scientific community and for practitioners involved in project management and business processes in a network context. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of comparative and logical analysis, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. As a result of the work carried out, the author's model of network adaptive interaction of organizations was formed in the conditions of decision-making by the dominant owner on the implementation of the project.

Health Factors for Preschool Children Educational Institutions in Russia

The article analyzes the health problems and resources of preschool children. The positions and conclusions of the authors are based on the results of sociological measurements carried out in educational organizations of the Irkutsk region in January-February 2024. The sample size is 943 parents or legal representatives of children attending educational organizations of the Irkutsk region. The subject of author’s research is the factors of the dynamics of the incidence rate of preschool children. The definition of these factors makes it possible to outline and test a program of preventive measures in order to effectively introduce preschool education into the regional system. In the list of destructive transformations of the regional health care system, the authors note an increase in chronic diseases, a deficit of physical activity, violations of the diet and its quality. The research program includes the determination of not only objective indicators of a medical nature, but also subjective assessments of all participants in the educational process. The importance of identifying the growing needs of the parent community and children’s teams in the field of health protection is justified. Socially significant and acceptable protector programs are discussed both for the improvement and education of all participants in the educational process, and for the development of a culture of health preservation within the preschool institution and beyond. The conclusions and results of the work can equally be useful to teachers-practitioners, administrative and managerial apparatus of departmental services, as well as representatives of the scientific community in the social sphere, in the institutes of health and education, for the development of social stabilization programs for modern Russian society.

A Literature-based Overview of Current Narratives on the Capacitation of Community Leaders in Addressing the Challenges of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

In most many countries worldwide, community leaders (CLs) are expected to play an important role in mobilising and soliciting contributions from others for the proactive implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. Due to a lack of capacity at the local leadership level, several local-level climate change mitigation and adaptation initiatives have not been effectively actioned with most of them frequently excluding local decision-makers, and key community stakeholders. Basing assessment on what is available in the literature, it is evident that there is urgent need for the scientific community to develop innovative strategies that facilitate the meaningful implementation of informed climate change policies. To successfully address the challenges of climate change, this paper posits that it is necessary for researchers, policy makers and planistrators must endeavour to explore and implement actionable local-level climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. The take-home message from this paper is that the time to act is now and refrain from doing so until it is too late to do so for tomorrow may never come. The likely implications for the benefits of proactive and effective community leaders are considered against this backdrop and insights from literature-based multi-level governance, participatory learning, action-oriented transformative leadership initiatives that were sourced from the literature.

Exploring the Mechanisms and Kinetic Modeling of Phenol Amination Using Pd and Rh‐Based Catalysts

Producing biomass‐derived chemicals to replace their petrochemical counterparts has long been an aspiration of the green chemistry research community. However, synthesizing secondary amines from biomass precursors presents several challenges related to catalyst nature and the mechanistic understanding of reaction systems. Here, we unravel the mechanistic and kinetic implications of the reductive amination of phenol with cyclohexylamine over Pd/C and Rh/C. A competitive Langmuir‐Hinshelwood reaction model well interpreted the kinetic data, suggesting that support‐metal interfaces serve as active sites for H2, –NH2 and =NH activation. The apparent activation energies for imine hydrogenation were 87.6 kJ mol‐1 (Pd/C) and 34.5 kJ mol‐1 (Rh/C), while ΔHads and ΔSads values confirmed the physicochemical consistency of the model. Moreover, the catalysts demonstrated their high stability to operate for several catalytic cycles, with minor activity losses due to metal leaching and partial sintering of Pd nanoparticles. Despite phenol reductive amination follows similar mechanisms on Rh/C and Pd/C, they show differences in selectivity because the hydrogenation of imine is more efficient on Rh0 than on Pd0. This is the first mechanism‐oriented kinetic study for phenol reductive amination; thus, it provides valuable information for process design and scale‐up.

The intersection between transgender identity and migrant background: experienced barriers and facilitators to healthcare in The Netherlands

Background Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people, particularly those with migrant backgrounds (mTGD), face health inequalities and barriers to care globally. Aim Examine barriers and facilitators to accessing and continuing healthcare within and beyond gender-specialist centers among mTGD people in the Netherlands. Methods TGD community researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 32 mTGD individuals from twenty-seven countries. Interviews were inductively thematically analyzed. Results Healthcare barriers relating to being TGD and being migrant compounded and interacted. Unmet transition needs, low socioeconomic status, and mental health issues were prevalent, and affected whether healthcare was a priority and access to healthcare. Having a supportive social network facilitated healthcare access. Beyond life circumstances, participants reported that providers outside gender-specialist settings had insufficient knowledge about TGD-related healthcare, and newcomers had difficulty bridging these gaps. The anticipation and experience of discrimination based on any facet of a participant’s identity formed a healthcare barrier, while identity validation was highly meaningful for participants and facilitated trust in providers. Continuity of caregivers was important to avoid having to re-explain one’s identity and needs, but alternating providers was often the reality - especially in refugee settings. Care models with TGD staff facilitated trust, and the integrated health and social care helped participants access healthcare whilst navigating complex life circumstances. Discussion mTGD individuals face unique barriers to accessing healthcare owing to their intersecting migrant and gender identities. Key improvements are enhancing cultural competency and knowledge on TGD healthcare among providers, ensuring equitable access to GAMC for migrants, and integrating gender-affirming care with other healthcare and social support.

Lines of antagonism in the scientific community and the aggravating youth factor

The work is devoted to the analysis of key attitudes within the scientific community, on which, as expected, the image of the scientific and technological future of Russia directly depends. It has been established that the civilizational self-identification of researchers largely does not coincide with the sentiments of the general public. A cautious and often skeptical attitude towards the mobilization of science, increased emigration sentiments among scientists, primarily young ones, allowed the authors to conclude that the country’s scientific community is in crisis, antagonistically divided by contradictions regarding basic value orientations and management issues. The unifying factor is the need for comfortable working conditions and the demand for science by the state and society. It was quantitatively determined that only half of the researchers adhere to pro-state sentiments and could potentially be usefully involved in solving scientific and technical problems. The other half of the scientific community becomes at least a group of opponents who have doubts or are undecided regarding the scientific and technological course. The youth wing of science, as it turns out, is largely imbued with cosmopolitanism and therefore does not represent an anti-crisis force. Strengthening the mobilization readiness of the scientific community and resolving its internal conflicts is considered from the point of view of improving the quality of science management, including effective personnel policies.

1D MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

The fascinating properties and versatile nature of 2D MXenes have generated significant interest in the scientific community. This has led to extensive research on expanding these materials into 1D and 0D forms. This review investigates the synthesis, properties, and applications of 1D MXenes, elucidating their potential across various fields. 1D MXenes, including nanowires, nanoribbons, nanorods, and nanotubes, inherit the remarkable properties of their 2D counterparts while also exhibiting unique anisotropic characteristics that enhance their performance in various applications. The review explores various methods for synthesizing 1D MXenes and examines their structural, electronic, and optical properties. The transition from 2D to 1D results in MXenes that offer superior properties, which are advantageous for various next-generation systems. The increased aspect ratio and surface area of 1D MXenes broaden their usage in energy storage, photothermal therapy, oxygen evolution reactions (OER), hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), microwave absorption, filtration membranes, gas sensors, metal detection, etc. The review also addresses the challenges associated with 1D MXenes, such as limited synthesis methods, scalable production, size customization, preservation of structural integrity, and stability. Furthermore, potential opportunities and future directions in the field of 1D MXenes have also been proposed.

An Optimal Feature Selection Method for Human Activity Recognition Using Multimodal Sensory Data

Recently, the research community has taken great interest in human activity recognition (HAR) due to its wide range of applications in different fields of life, including medicine, security, and gaming. The use of sensory data for HAR systems is most common because the sensory data are collected from a person’s wearable device sensors, thus overcoming the privacy issues being faced in data collection through video cameras. Numerous systems have been proposed to recognize some common activities of daily living (ADLs) using different machine learning, image processing, and deep learning techniques. However, the existing techniques are computationally expensive, limited to recognizing short-term activities, or require large datasets for training purposes. Since an ADL is made up of a sequence of smaller actions, recognizing them directly from raw sensory data is challenging. In this paper, we present a computationally efficient two-level hierarchical framework for recognizing long-term (composite) activities, which does not require a very large dataset for training purposes. First, the short-term (atomic) activities are recognized from raw sensory data, and the probabilistic atomic score of each atomic activity is calculated relative to the composite activities. In the second step, the optimal features are selected based on atomic scores for each composite activity and passed to the two classification algorithms: random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) due to their well-documented effectiveness for human activity recognition. The proposed method was evaluated on the publicly available CogAge dataset that contains 890 instances of 7 composite and 9700 instances of 61 atomic activities. The data were collected from eight sensors of three wearable devices: a smartphone, a smartwatch, and smart glasses. The proposed method achieved the accuracy of 96.61% and 94.1% by random forest and SVM classifiers, respectively, which shows a remarkable increase in the classification accuracy of existing HAR systems for this dataset.

The Effects of Social Media on Academic Achievement

This study aims to explore the effects of social media on academic achievement. A descriptive methodology was employed, using a sample of 60 students. The results indicated that these platforms assist students in dialogue and discussion, facilitate communication with peers, and aid in reviewing daily lessons. However, it was observed that social media can negatively impact students' focus during study sessions. The findings also confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences in the impact of social media on academic achievement among University students based on gender. The study recommends conducting further research in diverse communities to better understand the effects of this phenomenon.