Communication Complexity Research Articles

LEGAL VACANCY IN PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF PERSONAL DATA MISUSE FOR FICTITIOUS BANKING CREDIT

Personal data have become a critical issue in the era of global connectivity, where the use of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets connected to the internet has created an increasingly complex communication network. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in cases of personal data abuse in the banking sector, especially concerning fraudulent loan applications. This study aims to identify the factors that create a legal vacuum in the protection of victims of data abuse. This research adopts a normative legal methodology aimed at examining various legal regulations in Indonesia related to personal data protection. The findings can serve as a foundation for further research aiming at developing comprehensive legal solutions and enhancing victim support mechanisms.

Yawn Contagion and Modality-Matching in the Female-Bonded Society of Geladas (Theropithecus gelada).

Behavioral contagion is widespread in primates, with yawn contagion (YC) being a well-known example. Often associated with ingroup dynamics and synchronization, the possible functions and evolutionary pathways of YC remain subjects of active debate. Among nonhuman animals, geladas (Theropithecus gelada) are the only species known to occasionally emit a distinct vocalization while yawning. Yet, the role of different sensory modalities in YC remains poorly understood. Due to their social and communicative complexity, geladas serve as an excellent model for investigating the effects of multimodality and social factors on behavioral contagion. Here we studied a large zoo-housed colony of geladas (103 subjects, 1422 yawns) and confirm the previous evidence for visual and auditory YC. Hearing, seeing, or hearing and seeing yawns significantly triggered contagious yawning at comparable levels. Additionally, we found no evidence of laterality influencing responses based on the side of detection. While the social bond, measured via grooming, between the trigger and receiver did not correlate with YC, a consistent sex effect emerged. Females responded more frequently to female than to male yawns and were more likely to match modality (i.e., vocalized vs. nonvocalized) and mirror morphology of other females' yawns. Effective female-female communication and affiliation are crucial for maintaining cohesion and fostering strong intra-unit relationships among geladas. Our results underscore the importance of different sensory components in the distribution of YC, particularly for species living in complex social systems. These findings raise further questions about the functional and emotional significance of yawning and potential inter-sexual differences, suggesting that the phenomenon is more complex than previously thought.

A key to literacy? Exploring Bliss words combined with traditional orthography as a teaching strategy for language and literacy learning for learners with learning disabilities

AbstractFor decades, Blissymbolics (Bliss) has been used as a communicative symbol system for persons with complex communication needs. The linguistic features of Bliss words offer the potential for use with learners with learning disabilities to acquire literacy; however, no formal documentation of this is available. This qualitative study aims to describe how Bliss words, as a bridge to teaching and learning literacy for speaking learners with learning disabilities with diverse first languages, is perceived by learners, caregivers, and teachers at a South African school for learners with special educational needs. The study will further report on observations of learners' behaviours since Bliss was introduced. Semi‐structured online interviews were conducted with learners (n = 16) (aged 13–18), teachers (n = 14) as well as caregivers (n = 2). The reflexive thematic analysis developed three primary themes with 10 subthemes. Findings indicate that Bliss was perceived as a useful and enjoyable tool in teaching learners with learning disabilities who have different first languages. Furthermore, it was reported to improve learners' literacy and language skills as well as their psychosocial behaviour. Further studies are proposed to support these findings.

Application of Communication in The Metatah Traditional Ceremony in Bali

Traditional ceremonies in Bali are an important part of the culture and identity of its people. Communication in this traditional ceremony involves various elements such as symbols, movements, music, and ritual language rich in meaning. This research explores the dynamics of communication in Balinese traditional ceremonies, focusing on the role of symbols and rituals in transmitting values, norms, and cultural identity to future generations. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to explore communication in Balinese traditional ceremonies. Through the analysis of various literature sources, including books, articles, and related publications, this research gains deep insights into the role of communication in the context of Balinese culture. By integrating communication theory, cultural anthropology, and traditional ceremony studies, this research aims to depict the complexity of ritual and symbolic communication in Balinese traditional ceremonies and its impact on the sustainability of local culture. The ultimate goal is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how communication plays a key role in preserving and strengthening cultural heritage.

Links Between Early Prelinguistic Communication and Later Expressive Language in Toddlers With Autistic and Non-Autistic Siblings.

The present study explored the extent to which early prelinguistic communication skills predict expressive language in toddlers with autistic siblings (Sibs-autism), who are known to be at high likelihood for autism and language disorder, and a comparison group of toddlers with non-autistic older siblings (Sibs-NA). Participants were 51 toddlers (29 Sibs-autism, 22 Sibs-NA) aged 12-18 months at the first time point in the study (Time 1). Toddlers were seen again 9 months later (Time 2). Three prelinguistic communication skills (i.e., intentional communication, vocalization complexity, and responding to joint attention) were measured at Time 1 via the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile-Behavior Sample. An expressive language aggregate was calculated for each participant at Time 2. A series of correlation and multiple regression models was run to evaluate associations of interest between prelinguistic communication skills as measured at Time 1 and expressive language as measured at Time 2. Vocalization complexity and intentional communication displayed significant zero-order correlations with expressive language across sibling groups. Vocal complexity and responding to joint attention did not have significant added value in predicting later expressive language, after covarying for intentional communication across groups. However, sibling group moderated the association between vocalization complexity and later expressive language, such that vocal complexity displayed incremental validity for predicting later expressive language, covarying for intentional communication, only within Sibs-NA. Results indicate that prelinguistic communication skills, in particular intentional communication, show promise for predicting later expressive language in siblings of autistic children. These findings provide additional empirical support for the notion that early preemptive interventions targeting prelinguistic communication skills, especially intentional communication, may have the potential to scaffold language acquisition and support more optimal language outcomes in this population at high likelihood for a future diagnosis of both autism and language disorder. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27745437.

An Efficient ZK Compiler from SIMD Circuits to General Circuits

We propose a generic compiler that can convert any zero-knowledge (ZK) proof for SIMD circuits to general circuits efficiently, and an extension that can preserve the space complexity of the proof systems. Our compiler can immediately produce new results improving upon state of the art.By plugging in our compiler to Antman, an interactive sublinear-communication protocol, we improve the overall communication complexity for general circuits from O(C3/4) to O(C1/2). Our implementation shows that for a circuit of size 227, it achieves up to 83.6× improvement on communication compared to the state-of-the-art implementation. Its end-to-end running time is at least 70% faster in a 10Mbps network.Using the recent results on compressed Σ-protocol theory, we obtain a discrete-log-based constant-round zero-knowledge argument with O(C1/2) communication and common random string length, improving over the state of the art that has linear-size common random string and requires heavier computation.We improve the communication of a designated n-verifier zero-knowledge proof from O(nC/B+n2B2) to O(nC/B+n2). To demonstrate the scalability of our compilers, we were able to extract a commit-and-prove SIMD ZK from Ligero and cast it in our framework. We also give one instantiation derived from LegoSNARK, demonstrating that the idea of CP-SNARK also fits in our methodology.

Utilizing Augmentative and Alternative Communication and a Mixed Therapy Approach to Address the Complex Communication Needs for a Patient With Cleft Palate, Velopharyngeal Insufficiency, Spina Bifida, and 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Utilizing Augmentative and Alternative Communication and a Mixed Therapy Approach to Address the Complex Communication Needs for a Patient With Cleft Palate, Velopharyngeal Insufficiency, Spina Bifida, and 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Deciphering the role of probiotics in mental health: a systematic literature review of psychobiotics.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. The selection criteria for probiotics include strain safety, viability, tolerance, metabolite production and/or the ability to modulate the immune system. Probiotics are commonly used in industries, such as food, agriculture, medicine, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and aquaculture. Recently, the medicinal applications of probiotics have gained attention and are being explored for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. One emerging area of interest is their potential role in psychological disorders. Mental illnesses, characterised by disturbances in behaviour, mood, thinking, and emotions, affect over one billion people globally. While various preventive and treatment options for mental disorders exists, each is associated with certain limitations. Anew avenue being explored is the gut-brain axis, a complex bi-directional communication between the gut and the brain, that is facilitated by hormonal, neuronal, humoral, and immunological pathways. This system plays an important role in mental health. Probiotics, as a key modulator of the gut microbiome, could play a vital role in this communication. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Probiotics may act through the production of metabolites and neuroactive substances, as well as through immunomodulation and cytokine production. Current data shows promising effects on stress, mood, and depression, presenting probiotics as a potential natural treatment option for psychological disorders. Nevertheless, major limitations in the existing research include insufficient clinical outcomes, limited sample sizes, and variable dosing. Future advancements may be achieved through stratifications based on gut microbiota, the use of next-generation probiotic strains, and the conduct of comprehensive validation studies.

Parental expectations and perceptions of augmentative and alternative communication: A Sri Lankan perspective.

Everybody has a right to communicate in any way they can, which includes augmentative and alternative communication. The uptake of augmentative and alternative communication in everyday life may be influenced by awareness, perceptions and acceptance of augmentative and alternative communication by caregivers, family members and the wider society. This study aimed to uncover what parents thought about augmentative and alternative communication in a Global South context. Eleven mothers and five fathers (16 participants) of children with complex communication needs were included. Data were collected using an interview guide from a focus-group discussion and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using Framework Analysis and from a gender and critical disability theory viewpoint. The key theme found was fear of augmentative and alternative communication stopping the child from learning to speak. The parents wondered if siblings might also use the alternative communication method and stop talking. They worried whether the communication device will negatively highlight their child in society. As parents' views on augmentative and alternative communication influence whether they use it with their child, informing and preparing parents before introducing augmentative and alternative communication to a child and on-going parent training should be considered.

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enhance Exosome Production by Upregulating Exosome Transport and Secretion Pathways.

Exosomes are cell-released nanovesicles that regulate intercellular communication by transporting a variety of bioactive molecules. They play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, such as the immune response, tissue regeneration, aging, and tumor progression. There has been growing interest in controlling exosome production, which could offer valuable tools for unraveling complex cell communication networks and enabling novel therapeutic applications. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), one of the few nanomaterials approved for clinical use, have been shown to remotely modulate cellular activities such as cytoskeleton reorganization, ion channel activation, and cell polarization. In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of MNPs, acting as nanoscale force transducers, on exosome production in two distinct cell types with different responses to mechanical stimuli. Our findings reveal that magnetic force applied to intracellular MNPs induces vesicle relocation and promotes the formation of actin stress fibers. Gene expression analysis further shows that intracellular magnetic force upregulates genes related to exosome transport and secretion as well as other pathways linked to exosome biogenesis. Notably, these forces substantially enhance exosome production, particularly MNP-containing exosomes, which are accompanied by increased intercellular exchange of MNPs. In summary, our study offers valuable insights into MNP-driven exosome production and presents potential strategies for enhancing cell communication and modulating nanoparticle distribution in nanomedicine.

Exploring core competencies for language facilitation in parent training programs in AAC

The relationship between children and their caregivers is essential for the development of social, emotional, cognitive, and linguistic skills. This is especially critical for children with complex communication needs who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), as parents play a crucial role in supporting AAC integration within the home. However, communicating with a child who uses AAC does not come naturally and requires the learning of several specific skills. Various training programs have shown that, with appropriate training, parents and caregivers can develop the skills necessary to become effective communication partners and support the use of AAC at home. This paper analyzes the overlap between existing parent training programs in AAC to identify the core competencies essential for parents and caregivers to become effective communication partners. By extracting these fundamental skills, this paper aims to guide practitioners in the design of effective parent training sessions. Key strategies include responsivity, environmental arrangements, wait time, aided modeling, prompting, and appropriate feedback.

Teeth Baring as a Model to Understand Complex Facial Signals in a Tolerant Macaque Species.

Facial communication regulates many aspects of social life in human and nonhuman primates. Empirically identifying distinct facial expressions and their underlying functions can help illuminate the evolution of species' communicative complexity. We focused on bared-teeth faces (BTFs), a highly versatile facial expression in the tolerant macaque Macaca tonkeana. By employing a diverse array of techniques (MaqFACS, unsupervised cluster analysis, Levenshtein distance, NetFACS), we quantitatively discriminated two distinct BTFs: bared-teeth (BT) and open mouth bared-teeth (OMBT), and evaluated their distribution across peaceful, playful, and agonistic contexts. Neither BT nor OMBT were context-specific, although BT frequently occurred during peaceful interactions and with low levels of stereotypy. OMBT was highly stereotyped during play, a context involving strong unpredictability. The presence of tongue-protrusion during OMBT was exclusive to peaceful contexts whereas the presence of glabella-lowering during BT and OMBT was specific to agonistic contexts. Hence, BT and OMBT per se are not context-specific, but their contextual relevance hinges on the inclusion of specific key elements. Moving forward, concurrent analyses of stereotypy and specificity should extend beyond our study to encompass other primate and non-primate species, facilitating direct comparisons and revealing how communicative and social complexity coevolve.

QPSK circuit optimization Based on Model-Based Design

In order to address the difficult problem of hardware implementation of complex communication algorithm, this paper takes digital phase modulation as an example, and uses model-based design approach to quickly complete the algorithm modeling, simulation and automatic generation of HDL code. Model-based design is a fast and effective design process for algorithm modeling, simulation, testing and automatic code generation. The simulation results show that the model-based design method cannot only quickly accomplish the modeling and testing of the algorithm, but also improve the design accuracy.

Institutional Trading and Managers' Complex Disclosure: Evidence From Conference Calls

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of managerial linguistic disclosures on institutional trading behaviors during earnings conference calls from 2006 to 2016. Utilizing the linguistic Fog decomposition methodology on textual analysis, it analyzes how the linguistic complexity of managerial communication influences institutional ownership changes. Findings indicate that both obfuscation and informativeness of managerial discourse significantly affect institutional trading, with effects varying based on the informativeness of post‐call analyst reports. This impact is more pronounced under conditions of earnings quality uncertainty, suggesting a heightened reliance on managerial cues by institutional investors during such periods. Additionally, the study differentiates responses among investor types: transient investors are more sensitive to linguistic cues, while dedicated and quasi‐indexer investors focus on the informational content of disclosures. These insights enhance understanding of how managerial communication and analyst report informativeness shape institutional trading behaviors through linguistic complexity's influence on institutional ownership.

Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals the Transcriptome Profiling of Ovarian Cells in Adolescent Cyprinus carpio.

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a crucial freshwater species cultivated worldwide for food consumption. Female carp have better growth performance than males, which fascinates scholars to uncover the mechanism of gonadal differentiation and produce mono-sex populations. However, the mechanism of ovarian development at single-cell resolution is limited. Here, we conducted single-nucleus RNA sequencing in adolescent common carp ovaries. Our study obtained transcriptional profiles of 13,155 nuclei and revealed 13 distinct cell clusters in the ovaries, including three subtypes of germ cells and four subtypes of granulosa cells. We subsequently performed pseudotime trajectory analysis to delineate potential mechanisms underlying the development of germ cells and granulosa cells. We identified 1250 dynamic expression genes in germ cells and 1815 in granulosa cells (q-value < 0.01), including zp3, eif4a2 and aspm in germ cells and fshr and esr1 in granulosa cells. The functional annotation showed that dynamic expression genes in germ cells were involved in sperm-egg recognition and some terms related to meiosis, such as sister chromatid segregation and homologous recombination. Genes expressed dynamically in granulosa cells were related to the TGF-β signaling pathway, response to gonadotropin, and development of primary female sexual characteristics. In addition, the dynamic genes expressed in granulosa cells might relate to the complex communication between different cell types. In summary, our study provided a transcriptome profile of common carp ovaries at single-nucleus resolution, and we further revealed the potential cell type-specific mechanisms underlying oogenesis and the differentiation of granulosa cells, which will facilitate breeding all-female common carp populations.

Features of Hedging Strategies Performed by the Federal Reserve Chair in Press Conferences

This study examined the pragmatic functions of hedging strategies used by the Federal Reserve System (Fed) Chair during press conferences. The Fed’s significant influence on U.S. monetary policy and global financial markets makes its communication methods crucial yet linguistically underexplored. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine the frequency and types of hedges, their situational usage, and pragmatic functions. The findings revealed a notable use of approximators and shields to adapt to the complexities of financial communication, with adaptors and plausibility shields being the most common. The Fed Chair employed hedging strategies to address sensitive economic issues, uncertain policies, and matters affecting financial markets and public perception. These hedging strategies were used to mitigate potential criticism, enhance flexibility, soften the tone, maintain credibility, ensure effective information delivery, and improve politeness. The study contributed to the understanding of linguistic hedging strategies in financial communication and underscored the strategic use of language in economic policy-making and financial stability.

AI assistance in enterprise UX design workflows: enhancing design brief creation for designers.

The study explores the impact of AI tools on the daily tasks of designers in corporate environments, with a focus on the creation and evaluation processes of design briefs. Given ChatGPT's advanced natural language processing capabilities and its potential to meet the complex communication and analysis needs of design work, this tool was selected to investigate its application in designers' workflows. Through expert interviews, experimental testing, and third-party expert evaluations, we collected and analyzed data to understand the impact of AI on work processes. The findings indicate that AI tools significantly enhance both operational experience and subjective perceptions across most tasks. Additionally, the study provides a visual comparison of the testing process through a user experience map, highlighting AI's positive influence on work efficiency, information retrieval, verification, analysis, communication, and decision-making. However, challenges remain in ensuring information authenticity, protecting content copyright, and maintaining professional identity. The primary objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current state of AI application in business contexts and its impact on designers' roles. By analyzing real-world feedback, the research aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of AI solutions in enterprises and offer practical recommendations. The study underscores the importance of integrating AI thinking into workflows and adopting a human-centric approach for the future development of corporate work environments.

Matrix hypercontractivity, streaming algorithms and LDCs: the large alphabet case

We prove a hypercontractive inequality for matrix-valued functions defined over large alphabets. In order to do so, we prove a generalization of the powerful 2-uniform convexity inequality for trace norms of Ball, Carlen, Lieb (Inventiones Mathematicae’94). Using our hypercontractive inequality, we present upper and lower bounds for the communication complexity of the Hidden Hypermatching problem defined over large alphabets. We then consider streaming algorithms for approximating the value of Unique Games on a hypergraph with t -size hyperedges. By using our communication lower bound, we show that every streaming algorithm in the adversarial model achieving an \((r-\varepsilon)\) -approximation of this value requires \(\Omega (n^{1-2/t})\) quantum space, where r is the alphabet size. We next present a lower bound for locally decodable codes ( \(\mathsf {LDC}\) ) \(\mathbb {Z}_r^n\rightarrow \mathbb {Z}_r^N\) over large alphabets with recoverability probability at least \(1/r + \varepsilon\) . Using hypercontractivity, we give an exponential lower bound \(N= 2^{\Omega (\varepsilon ^4 n/r^4)}\) for 2-query (possibly non-linear) \(\mathsf {LDC}\) s over \(\mathbb {Z}_r\) and using the non-commutative Khintchine inequality we prove an improved lower bound of \(N= 2^{\Omega (\varepsilon ^2 n/r^2)}\) .

EOLP-02. END-OF-LIFE CHALLENGES IN NEURO-ONCOLOGICAL PATIENT CARE: A YOUNGNOA SURVEY

Abstract BACKGROUND Malignant brain tumors inevitably relapse, almost always causing significant functional and neurological impairments. Thus, palliative care is crucial in managing individuals with malignant brain tumors. It is essential for neuro-oncologists to be well-prepared to openly communicate about and meet the palliative needs of these patients. With this survey, we sought to evaluate palliative care practices in Germany and their impact on the treatment of neuro-oncological patients. METHODS We conducted an anonymous, interdisciplinary survey targeting palliative care practices among neuro-oncologists in Germany, all members of the Neuro-oncology Working Group of the German Cancer Society. The questionnaire, designed in close coordination with board-certified palliative care specialists, was distributed to 450 physicians. It collected personal information and assessed respondents’ knowledge of and access to palliative care structures. The survey was conducted online from March 31 to April 30, 2023. RESULTS Ninety-two physicians completed the survey. Of these, 81 (88%) reported feeling comfortable with end-of-life conversations, while 11 (12%) did not. No significant differences were observed between the two subgroups regarding their level of medical education (p=0.7140), workplace (p=0.4966), sex (p=0.9999), medical specialty (p=0.5478), or region of practice (p=0.9999). However, those comfortable with end-of-life discussions had significantly more palliative care training either during specialty training (p=0.0475) or through active participation in palliative care courses (p=0.0254). Further detailed analysis is in progress. CONCLUSIONS The survey indicates that while the majority of participants are comfortable with end-of-life discussions, a clear correlation exists between their comfort level and the extent of palliative care training received. This highlights the critical need for enhanced and targeted palliative care education within neuro-oncology training programs to prepare physicians for the complex communication and care challenges in neuro-oncological palliation. Further analysis will continue to explore additional educational and systemic factors that could increase the quality of palliative care in neuro-oncology.

Designing Collaborative Technology for Intergenerational Social Play over Distance

Collaborative play not only provides entertainment but also nurtures connections and strengthens community ties. In family and intergenerational contexts, collaborative activities and play can engage family members in quality conversations and meaningful connections over distance. To explore participants' preferences, practices, and interaction dynamics when playing remotely, we conducted a design probe study with 15 groups of parents and children from 16 families. Our findings highlight both similarities and notable differences in the use of communication methods, workspaces, and objects between parents and children. Specifically, we observed distinct patterns in gestural and verbal communication and identified specific challenges encountered by children in a simulated remote setting. Our findings also revealed the dynamics of play sessions, particularly when co-located participants are involved, shedding light on the complexities of remote intergenerational communication and play. Our work contributes empirical insights into designing more effective and engaging remote collaborative platforms for families.