Communication Technology Facilities Research Articles

An Analysis of the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) Contribution to the Improvement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Facilities and The Library in Higher Institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria from 2015 To 2020

This study is on Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) contribution to the improvement of Library and ICT facilities in higher institutions in Kebbi State, Nigeria from 2015 to 2020. The study was guided by two research objectives and two research questions. The study adopted descriptive survey research design with population of 1900 academic staff and 2323 non-academic staff. A sample of 161 academic staff and 196 non-academic staff was selected using multi-stage sampling methods. A researcher developed validated questionnaire with 0.76 reliability index was used for data collection. Frequency count and percentage were used to analyze the data. The study found that TETFund constructed and renovated of ICT centres, provided personal computers, chairs, tables and internet facilities in Kebbi State higher institutions. It was also that TETFund contributed in the construction and renovation of library buildings; provision of books, library equipment and furniture, information resources; and subscription of e-resources for the improvement of Kebbi State higher institutions. The study recommended that TETFund should increase its allocation for ICT support intervention. This becomes even more crucial given the consistent increase in the exchange rate of dollars, as most of the ICT facilities are imported into the country. This will greatly aid in the improvement of higher institutions in Kebbi State. It was also recommended that university management should judiciously utilize the TETFund's Library interventions to build new libraries, expand the existing ones, and acquire standby generators and/or solar energy for better library performance in Kebbi State higher institutions.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Blog Sebagai Media Informasi Interaktid Pada UKKT RW. 06 Kelurahan Tegal Parang Jakarta Selatan

One of the changes in the field of communication can be seen from the speed at which people obtain information. The speed of obtaining this information is influenced by the emergence of communication technology facilities, namely computers and the internet. Internet technology can make it easier for people to communicate, as well as convey information more effectively and accurately. The delivery of interactive information within the Karang Taruna RW.06 Work Unit organization, Tegal Parang Subdistrict, South Jakarta, has not been optimally felt by the community. This community service activity takes the form of training in creating blogs as an interactive information medium, to improve communication and information within an organization. The target training participants are members and the Karang Taruna RW.06 Work Unit. The training is carried out face to face with the hope that the material presented will be easier for the training participants to understand and put into practice. Participants are given material about the definition and function of a blog, how to create one and how to manage the blog so that it becomes an interactive information medium. As a result of this training, participants have a simple blog, as a form of digital communication to send, receive and share information with the public.

An Analysis of Practicality for Google Classroom Implementation in Kelantan State Secondary Schools

E-learning, a contemporary technological innovation, is extensively employed in contemporary educational institutions and is recognized by educators. The utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) as an instructional mechanism constitutes an additional pioneering teaching and learning (T&L) approach. The credibility of technology must be ensured in order to effectively augment the current instructional framework. The utilization of Google Classroom as an instructional platform to supplant the conventional physical approach to learning has the potential to establish an educational setting aligned with the demands of the 21st century. The accelerated growth of Google Classroom can be attributed to its distinctive attributes, each of which contributes independently to its efficacy. This research study employs a quantitative research approach that employs a survey methodology utilizing a questionnaire to assist researchers in gathering more precise and high-quality data and information. Issues and Challenges of Using Google Classroom in PdPR are inadequacy of support and exposure, the preparedness of teachers, the preparedness of students, access to the Internet, and the availability of device tools. Several proposed resolutions can be considered in addressing this issue. These include augmenting preparedness through the provision of comprehensive teacher education, fostering cognizance among parents and guardians, fostering cooperative efforts between governmental and private entities, as well as enhancing the capabilities and infrastructure of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities. It is of utmost importance to tackle additional obstacles that emerge in the utilization of this platform in order to alter the instructional regimen. Collaboration among stakeholders in the industry is imperative to guarantee that elementary school pupils are provided with technological resources and receive assistance for remote education.

Teachers’ Utilization of Computer and Internet facilities for Effective Service Delivery in Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone; Cross River State, Nigeria

Aim: The main aim of this study is to examine teachers’ utilization of computer and internet facilities on effective service delivery in secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone.
 Study Design: The research design adopted for this study is a survey design to discover schools with the needed Information and Communication Technology (ICT) facilities and to seek the opinion of the respondent on utilization of computer and internet facilities for effective service delivery in government secondary schools.
 Area of the Study: This study was carried out in Calabar educational zone. The zone under research has seven (7) Local Government Area namely; Calabar south, Akpabuyo, Municipality, Akamkpa, Bakassi, Odukpani and Biase. The zone has eighty-one (81) secondary schools. The geographical locations of the study area are described as follows. The area share common boundary with Akwa Ibom State with the latitude of 5°4'52.46"N and a longitude of 8°20'59.7"E, Cameroon with latitude 4° 5' and 5° 40' and longitude 8° 25' and 8° 32 East. It lies within the vegetation belt of southern Nigeria and shares the Atlantic coastline with Bakassi to the East and the Republic of Cameroon to the West. Central Senatorial district of Cross River State with latitude of 5019’8.32”N and a longitude of 8020’59.7”E and Guinea the peninsula lies between latitudes 4°25′ and 5°10′N and longitudes 8°20′ and 9°08′E. It consists of a number of low-lying, largely mangrove covered islands covering an area of 665 km² (257 sq mi). 
 Methodology: the instrument used in this study to enable data collection is ‘Teachers’ utilization of computer and internet facilities for effective service delivery questionnaire (TUCIFESDQ)’. The population of 1,796 teachers and the sample of 914 teachers out of the population are drawn for the study. 50 percent of the teachers in each of the schools in the zone with the expected ICT facilities were selected using simple random sampling for the study making a total of 914 teaching staff. Out of 914 copies of questionnaire distributed only 879 copies were return and used for the data analysis. Simple percentages, bar graph and One – way analysis of variance is used for the data analysis.
 Results: The result shows that there is a significant influence of teachers’ utilization of computer and internet facilities on service delivery in secondary school. This implies that 51.39% and 17.69% of teachers’ level of utilization of computers and internet in lesson delivery is low.
 Conclusion: Giving the outcome of this study, it is therefore concluded that utilization of ICT facilities such as; computers and internet will improve teachers’ effectiveness on service delivery and prepare students for a role in an information age.

Geogebra Software: Synergy That Improves Performance in Geometry Learning in Ogbomoso Education Zone of Oyo State

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of GeoGebra software on Mathematics performance of senior secondary school students in Ogbomoso Education Zone 1, Oyo State, Nigeria.
 Methodology: The research purposes, research questions, and research hypotheses categories each contained three research items.Two (2) public co-education senior secondary schools were chosen using random sampling technique. The experimental group consisted of fifty-three (53) students, consisting of 26 and 27 male and female students, respectively, while the control group consisted of fifty-four (54) students, consisting of 27 male and 27 female students. GeoGebra Learning Approach (GLA) was used to teach the experimental group, whereas the control group received instruction using the conventional learning strategy (CLS). The research instrument utilized for the study was the Mathematics Performance Test in Geometry (MPTG) which was validated by specialists in Mathematics education and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation formula was used to get the index of reliability of 0.78. The data was analyzed using the t-test, mean, and standard deviation.
 Findings: The study's findings showed that, prior to using Geogebra Software, there was no discernible difference in the students’ means performance scores between the two groups. The study also showed a substantial difference between the mean performance scores of students using the Geogebra Learning Approach (GLA) and the Conventional Learning Strategy (CLS) in geometry. The study's final finding showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean performance scores of male and female students using the Geogebra Learning Approach (GLA) in geometry.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Piaget cognitive theory was in conformity with the use of Geogragra Software in teaching mathematics. The study recommends that mathematics teachers should be encouraged to use Geogebra Software and other Information and Communication Technology (ICT) facilities such as power point and projector in teaching their students in order to ease problems of teaching Mathematics.

Theories of Learning, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Facilities; Implications for Instructional Delivery

Teachers should endeavour to build on the ways children learn from each other by creating a learning environment where there are ample opportunities for student to students’ discussion, collaboration and feedback. Example is the ICT support tools like the use of computer, cyber café, multimedia classroom projector, e-library etc. Individuals would be expected to be in good standing with the law. In jobs where people work closely or are highly interdependent, performance may include the degree to which a person helps out the groups and his or her colleagues. This might include acting as a good role model, coaching, giving advice or helping maintain group goals. Many jobs also have a supervisory or leadership component. The individual will be relied upon to undertake many of the things delineated under the previous factor and in addition will be responsible for meeting out rewards and punishments. The present papers is on the theories of learning and information and communication technology (ICT) facilities; implications for instructional delivery

Impact of Information and Communication Technology Facilities in Teaching Financial Accounting in Colleges of Education in South-South Nigeria

The study assessed the use of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities in teaching Financial Accounting in Federal Colleges of Education in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. 2 research questions guided the study and were examined while 2 hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study comprised 239 male and female Financial Accounting lecturers with accounting education background. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 169 representative sample for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Information and Communication Technology in Teaching Financial Accounting Questionnaire (ICTITFAQ)” validated by two experts. Mean statistic was used to analyze data descriptively while independent sample t-test was used to test the formulated null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study revealed among others that accounting educators (lecturers) utilize, to large extent, accounting software and telecommunication facilities to teach financial accounting in colleges of education in South-South zone of Nigeria. The results further showed no significant difference in the mean response scores on the extent to which Accounting Educators (lecturers) use computer software facilities, and telecommunication facilities in teaching Financial Accounting between Federal and State Colleges of Education in the South-South Nigeria. However, a significant difference in the mean response scores on the extent to which Accounting Educators use internet in teaching Financial Accounting between Federal and State Colleges of Education in the South-South Nigeria in favour of Federal Colleges of Education. It was recommended that Federal and State governments should intensify efforts to buy relevant software packages for teaching Financial Accounting in Colleges.

Impact of Information and Communication Technology Facilities in Teaching Financial Accounting in Colleges of Education in South-South Nigeria

The study assessed the use of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities in teaching Financial Accounting in Federal Colleges of Education in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. 2 research questions guided the study and were examined while 2 hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study comprised 239 male and female Financial Accounting lecturers with accounting education background. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 169 representative sample for the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Information and Communication Technology in Teaching Financial Accounting Questionnaire (ICTITFAQ)” validated by two experts. Mean statistic was used to analyze data descriptively while independent sample t-test was used to test the formulated null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study revealed among others that accounting educators (lecturers) utilize, to large extent, accounting software and telecommunication facilities to teach financial accounting in colleges of education in South-South zone of Nigeria. The results further showed no significant difference in the mean response scores on the extent to which Accounting Educators (lecturers) use computer software facilities, and telecommunication facilities in teaching Financial Accounting between Federal and State Colleges of Education in the South-South Nigeria. However, a significant difference in the mean response scores on the extent to which Accounting Educators use internet in teaching Financial Accounting between Federal and State Colleges of Education in the South-South Nigeria in favour of Federal Colleges of Education. It was recommended that Federal and State governments should intensify efforts to buy relevant software packages for teaching Financial Accounting in Colleges

KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PRIA DALAM MENGAKSES SISTEM ELEKTRONIK DI LAPTOP YANG DIIZINKAN TEMAN PEREMPUANNYA (Legal status of men accessing electronic systems on laptop which are permitted by Female Friend)

<p><em>Information Technology, media and communication role has changed society and human civilization behaviour globally. Information and communication technology development is very quick and world relations are borderless, further significant social, economic and cultural changes are quickly. The impact of information technology contributes to welfare, progress and society civilization as well as acts against the law.</em></p><p><em>The man and his girlfriend used information and communication technology facilities in which the man lend her a "Laptop" then they agreed to use the same "password" to use the laptop.</em></p><p><em>Man was reported by his girlfriend on act the accusation that the man had accessed the laptop even though he has the girlfriend’s permission which laptop position was being "logged in".</em></p><p><em>When the man opened "Facebook", there was a "chat" between his girlfriend and another man tell about the sexual nature of the accused man. There was disharmony. A man changed his girlfriend's Gmail, Facebook, yahoo passwords, and posted WhatsApp conversations between his girlfriend and another man on his girlfriend's Facebook.</em></p><p><em>This research is related to illegal access through a district court decision for man, Number: 414/Pid.B/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst. decided on article 30 paragraph 2, Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Technology (ITE) for the man.</em></p><p><em>The objective research is to provide legal certainty for man that the article is not in accordance with legal certainty, because the man has obtained permission from his girlfriend, not the article changing his girlfriend's password.</em></p><p><em>The method is normative legal research and statute approach which will discuss these allegations with secondary data then the research result can provide legal certainty and justice by changing the multiple interpretations of the article accusing the man that the legal position of man is not doing illegal access because he got girlfriend’s permission.</em></p>

Pembelajaran Dengan Media Digital pada Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Aceh Besar: Wujud Madrasah Inovasi

This study aims to explain the implementation of learning with digital media and its implementation efforts in a comprehensive manner. For this reason, this study uses a qualitative approach, with the research location at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Aceh Besar. The results of the study show that at this madrasa, the learning method has begun to change from completely conventional methods to limited digital learning. This change began during the Covid-19 pandemic. After the Covid-19 pandemic, teachers and students are still using communication technology media, especially outside school hours. This method is used to complete learning that has not been completed or that students still need to ask the teacher. Comprehensive changes to the learning method to digital learning in this madrasa, are closely related to the establishment of this madrasa as an innovation madrasa, which is expected to school principals, teachers, students and parents of students to create innovations in increasing student achievement in both academic and non-academic dimensions. The academic and non-academic achievements that have been achieved by these madrasah students are also supported by the information and communication technology facilities available at the madrasa. As an innovation madrasa, the digital learning method with the blended method is an option. This selection has a positive impact, both based on learning theory and practical experience expressed by practitioners. To go towards the blended method, one class is set as an example.

Implementation of e-Government for Better Public Service at Lombok Barat

The aim of this study is to give recommendations for communication and information agency and all regional organizations at Lombok Barat so that the implementation of e-Government is more effective and improves employee performance in public services. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with interview instruments, observations, and document review. Based on the interviews with key informants, observations, and review of Renstra, government support for the development of information and communication technology facilities and infrastructure has not been optimal due to limited budgets and a lack of coordination between regional organizations. Qualified apparatus and skills in information and communication technology are less common, and public administration services are still lacking and seem unprofessional, this has led to people still having negative opinions about government services. The government has to support the implementation of e-Government and the development of information and communication technology, especially the improvement of facilities and infrastructure, both office rooms and public service rooms, finance for the construction of towers and other infrastructure, socialization for public so that people can trust more with the government services, and applications and programs based on information and communication technology so that public services are more improved, smooth, and reliable.
 Keywords: effectiveness, e-Government, employee performance, community service

Lived Experiences of Technology and Livelihood Education Teachers on the Challenges and Benefits of Facilitating Online Learning

This study aimed to describe the essence of the lived experiences of Technology and Livelihood Education Teachers on the challenges and benefits of facilitating online learning. This study utilized a qualitative method with a phenomenological perspective and a transcendental design. The result revealed three (3) superordinate themes with various subordinate themes for the ‘challenges’ of TLE teachers in facilitating online learning, which include: (1) Challenging Teaching Tasks; (2) Technological Infrastructure Availability and Management; and (3) Assessment and Monitoring of Student Learning. On the other hand, five (5) superordinate themes emerged under ‘benefits’ of facilitating online learning, including (1) Improvement of technical skills; (2) Improvement of communication skills; (3) Access to learning resources; (4) Fulfilling job; and (5) Learning convenience. This study suggested that teachers and students must have access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT) resources and facilities, both groups must receive adequate training, and curriculum materials must be digitized. Likewise, the school administrators may allocate more funds for the schools to have internal resources. This is encouraged for the academic program to function.

A proposed model of ICT facilities in the central zone vocational colleges, Malaysia

<span lang="EN-US">The tide of globalization is moving so fast nowadays. Changes and its development are quite difficult to curb from spreading in our lives. These developments continue to have a positive impact on the community and no less giving various challenges to all of us especially to the world of education. The competency factor of the lecturer should increase in line with the changing environment. The opposite situation occurs in some educational institutions in Malaysia, such as vocational colleges (KV). Thus, the implementation of this study aimed to analyze the internal environment of vocational colleges involving information and communication technology (ICT) facilities as well as the effectiveness of ICT vocational colleges. Inferential analysis was used to identify contribution of exogenous variable to endogenous variable through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-AMOS). To achieve the objectives of the study, a survey - type quantitative study design was implemented. Questionnaire instruments were distributed to 388 vocational college lecturers in the central zone of Malaysia using stratified random sampling. Furthermore, the questionnaire data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between technological facilities (such as computers) with ICT effectiveness when p<0.05. In terms of moderators, the demographics of lecturers, namely gender, age and computer usage practices of KV lecturers affect the effectiveness of ICT KV when the mean score exceed 8.50. Furthermore, the developed model also meets the model fit indices requirements with RMSEA value at 0.060, CFI=0.973, TLI=0.968, Chisq/df=2.380 and GFI=0. 901.The implications of the study indicate that the role of lecturers as educators is important in developing appropriate reforms in supporting the innovations that take place in educational organizations.</span>

Teachers’ Effectiveness on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Utilization in Secondary Schools: Calabar Education Zone

There are problems with teachers’ effectiveness as a result of improper utilization of ICT facilities in teaching and learning process. This research is to examine teachers’ effectiveness on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities in secondary schools, Calabar education zone. Specifically, this research sought to find the influence of overhead projector and digital versatile disk facilities on teachers’ effectiveness in government secondary schools. Related literature and some empirical studies were reviewed. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated which guided this research work. Four Likert rating scales made up of 16 structured questionnaire items used in generating data for the study, while the instrument was face validated by three experts. The population of 1,831 respondents with the sample size of 886 teachers and a survey design technique were employed. Data collected was analyzed using the simple percentages and bar charts for the research questions and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses formulated. The finding revealed that overhead1 projectors and digital versatile disk families were found fairly utilized in teaching and learning process and they significantly influences teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools. It is recommended that digital versatile disk should be made available in government secondary schools and overhead projectors should be installed. Also, teachers and students should be trained on the use of the ICT facilities in order to use them for teachers' effectiveness.

Correlation Between Blue Light Exposure On Digital Devices Screens and Sleep Quality of Students In The Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatra Utara Class 2019

The use of information and communication technology facilities such as cellphones, laptops, computers, and other information facilities is really needed, we knew that increasingly sophisticated digital device has so many features contained in it, such as games, internet, social media and others. With this advanced feature we can overcome problems such as loneliness, boredom, and problems that may reduce a person's productivity. However, the digital device does not only have the positive side, one of the negative sides it has is the blue light emitted from the screen of the device. From several previous studies it was noted that blue light has an impact on sleep quality, as we already know sleep quality is one of the foundations of health. Aim. The aim is to determine the relationship between blue light exposure on digital device screens and sleep quality, Knowing the level of blue light exposure and sleep quality of medical faculty students at the Universitas Sumatera Utara class 2019. Methods. This research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design, namely a type of research in which the measurement of the variables is carried out simultaneously at one time. Results. Of the 150 study subjects, there were 64% women, 36% men. Age, 1.3% were 19 years old, 18.7%were 20 years old, 58% were 21 years old, 20% were 22 years old, 2% were 23 years old. Blue light exposure, bad 94%, good 6%. Sleep quality, bad 87.3%, good 12.7%. The relationship between blue light exposure and sleep quality obtained p value <0.001 and coefficent r is 0.663. Conclusion, there is significant relationship between blue light exposure on digital screen divice and sleep quality of student of the faculty medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, class 2019.

Criminal law regulation of cyber fraud crimes—from the perspective of citizens’ personal information protection in the era of edge computing

Currently, cloud computing provides users all over the globe with Information and Communication Technology facilities that are utility-oriented. This technology is trying to drive the development of data center design by designing and building them as networks of cloud machines, enabling users to access and run the application from any part of the globe. Cloud computing provides considerable benefits to organizations by providing rapid and adaptable ICT software and hardware systems, allowing them to concentrate on creating innovative business values for the facilities they provide. The right to privacy of big data has acquired new definitions with the continued advancement of cloud computing, and the techniques available to protect citizens’ personal information under administrative law have managed to grow in a multitude. Because of the foregoing, internet fraud is a new type of crime that has emerged over time and is based on network technology. This paper analyzed and studied China’s internet fraud governance capabilities, and made a comprehensive evaluation of them using cloud computing technology and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This paper discussed personal information security and the improvement of criminal responsibility from the perspective of citizens’ information security and designed and analyzed cases. In addition, this paper also analyzed and studied the ability of network fraud governance in the era of cloud computing. It also carried out a comprehensive evaluation and used the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to carry out the evaluation. A questionnaire survey was used to survey 100 residents in district X of city Z and district Y of the suburban area. Among the 100 people, almost all of them received scam calls or text messages, accounting for 99%, of which 8 were scammed. Among the people, more than 59.00% of the people expressed dissatisfaction with the government’s Internet fraud satisfaction survey. Therefore, in the process of combating Internet fraud, the government still needs to step up its efforts.

Nursing Students Knowledge About Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies Facilities at Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan

Technology is basically the scientific use of knowledge to solve problems practically, which also includes the invention of modern and useful tools and techniques. Objectives: To check the Nursing Students Knowledge About Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies Facilities. Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing students. Questionnaire comprised of different question regarding the factors influencing ICT usage and nursing students knowledge towards the use of ICT. The questionnaire was distributed among hundred nursing students. Results: Students have good knowledge about ICT, but their use is limited. ICT facilities like photocopier, printer, E-library and functional ICT laboratories were lacking. Unreliable power supply, a lack of ICT technical support, and a lack of managerial encouragement were identified as the culprits. Conclusions: ICT resources were scarce, and there were no basic amenities. The use of ICT is largely impacted by unstable power supplies, a lack of technical assistance for ICT, and a lack of management motivation and support.

VISION OF PANDIT MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA TOWARDS CHANGING ROLE OF TEACHER IN THE 21ST CENTURY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NEP-2020

Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya has significantly emphasized that the teaching-learning process should be based on a teacher's reflectiveness involving higher cognitive skills. Besides, Pandit Malaviya has stressed that the teaching-learning process should be activity-based at all stages of education. He also emphasized project based learning at university level. The National Educational Policy-2020 acknowledges and designates teachers and faculty as the core of the educational process. Educators must understand and embrace the concepts of integrated and multidisciplinary approaches and the need for development of 21st century skills. The policy aims at overall development of teachers so that they can have knowledge or expertise in a variety of subjects through access to information and communication technology, teacher trainings, and other facilities at the higher education institutions, as well as newly introduced MERUs (Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities) with the dynamics of teaching methodology under the banner of NEP-2020, the focus of the Indian higher education system is shifting from teachers to students, information to knowledge, marks to skills, exams to experiments, learning to research, and choice to competency. At P/3, NEP envisages, by 2040, India must strive to have the best educational system in the world. In the present paper, an attempt has been made by the researchers to study the ideas and concepts of teaching as advocated by Pandit Malaviya. Besides, an attempt has been made to examine and evaluate the changing role of teachers in the light of educational thought of Pandit Malaviya and as per the recommendations of NEP-2020. Finally, the emphasis of reflective teaching as has been equally emphasized by New Education Policy 2020 and Pandit Malaviya has also been an epoch task of this paper.

Recent Progress and Future Development in Satellite Communication

In the era of high-speed communication, large-capacity broadband and multimedia personalization, satellite communication has become one of the most special ways of wireless communication. With the rapid development of satellite communication during recent years, many projects, like Oneweb, Starlink, and Telesat have been attempted. Based on higher and higher transmission speed demand, Satellite communication becomes a newly effective supplementation of traditional terrestrial station gradually. After nearly half a century of exploration, started from a live broadcast, broadband satellite constellation represented by Starlink had become mainstream application. The future communication system should be land, sea, and space integration. In this article, the phylogeny of SC, basic construct and some application will be discussed. Consider the specific applications, some challenges and future trend are also the focus. At the same time, the comparison between Satellite communication and terrestrial provision offers a thinking way of communication industry ecology. Nevertheless, the satellite communication system based on radio microwave communication still has some technical development problems and application difficulties, and it is necessary to seek breakthroughs in communication technology and hardware facilities.

ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN AFRICA: A WAKE-UP CALL ON THE EDUCATIONAL SECTOR

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which emanated from Wuhan city, China and its successive spread across the globe has made a tremendous impact on virtually all spheres of human endeavors; ranging from economy, health, livelihood, and education amongst others. The widespread restrictions currently placed on movement and mass gatherings have made educational and academic activities to be grounded globally. In recent times, the concept of learning has gradually transitioned from traditional classroom methods to online learning where students acquire knowledge through “invisible classrooms”. Most institutions of learning in Africa may encounter difficulties in migrating to this new form of learning due to the lack of information and communications technology (ICT) facilities of international standards. As of today, many students possess internet-enabled devices, yet cannot access the internet as a result of unaffordable data subscription, which has made most learners result in using their devices for non-educational purposes. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the African continent, the possibility to re-open our schools remain bleak. Thus, government, authorities, and regulatory bodies in individual countries must improve on their existing ICT infrastructures for a better online learning experience. This paper serves as a wake-up call on Africa and its educational sector to transit to online learning.