Communication Technology Development Index Research Articles

Alternative Solutions to Increase Pension Security Participation in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze alternative solutions to increase the number of pension security participation in Indonesia. The analysis method used in this study is Panel Data Regression. The data used in the panel data analysis are Number of Pension Security Participants, Human Development Index (HDI), Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), Information and Communication Technology Development Index (IPTIK), Young age (15-24) who are not in school, working or training (NEET), Proportion of Average Hourly Wages to Provincial Minimum Wage (Wages), Gini Ratio, Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK) from 2017-2022 in 33 Provinces in Indonesia. The results of panel data processing, the best model is the Fixed Effect Model with regression results showing that only GRDP variables have a significant positive influence. While the Wage variable has a significant negative effect and the IPM, TPT, IPTIK, NEET, Gini Ratio, TPAK variables have no influence on the Number of Pension Security Participants.

Investigating the Impact of the of Technological Developments, Environmental Quality, and Economy on Tourism Receipts in Indonesia

This paper uses a panel technique to investigate the relationship between Technological Developments, Environmental, and GDP Quality on Tourism Receipts in Indonesia (including 33 provinces) for the 2011-2022 period. As a country with rich natural, cultural and ancestral heritage, Indonesia has the potential to attract foreign tourists. Especially with technological advancements that have made tourism promotion possible on a massive scale. On the other hand, an increase in the number of tourists has an impact on the environment as explained in the theory of the Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC). The research method used is Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) model and Granger causality test. Environmental quality is measured through the Environmental Quality Index indicator. Meanwhile, technology development is measured through the Information and Communication Technology Development Index. The research results explain that Economy, Environmental Quality, and Technological Developments have a positive impact on Tourism Receipts in Indonesia. Therefore, it is important for the government to utilize digital technology to introduce Indonesia's tourism wealth. The increase in tourists must also be accompanied by efforts to protect the environment so that it does not have a negative impact on environmental damage.

Determinants of Information and Communication Technology Development in Indonesia (2018-2021)

This study aims to analyze the influence of average household consumption for telecommunications, households that own and control cell phones, Number of Villages or Regions Receiving Cell Phone Signals and the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Information and Communication Technology Development Index in Indonesia for 2018-2021. The data used in this study is secondary data, namely the Information and Communication Technology Development Index, Average Household Consumption for Telecommunications, Households Who Own and Control Cell Phones, Number of Villages/Regions That Receive Cell Phone Signals and the Covid-19 Pandemic as dummy variables, which have been published by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The analytical method used in this study is panel data regression analysis using the Fixed Effect Model approach. The study results show that variables Average Household Consumption for Telecommunications, the variable Households Who Own and Control a Cellular Telephone have an influence, the variable Number of Villages/Regions Receiving Cellular Telephone Signals and Communication and the Covid-19 Pandemic variable have a positive and significant influence on the variable Information and Communication Technology Development Index in Indonesia 2018-2021.

DIGITALISATION AS A FACTOR OF SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

The modern Ukrainian economy is in a dire situation. It cannot function normally when active hostilities are taking place in the country. Therefore, the problem of determining the factors of the socioeconomic development of the state and its economic security now comes to the fore. Among them, the digitalisation of the country plays an important role. Considering the relevance of the recovery of the Ukrainian economy, which suffered a decline due to the war, it is considered appropriate to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the digitisation state of the country by modern methods. The paper is devoted to the problem of interdependence estimation of the digitisation and socioeconomic development indices of the country. The article aims to improve the complex of mathematical models for assessment and analysis of the digitisation state of the country, which will be supplemented with a model of interdependence indicators of digitisation and socioeconomic development of the state. Implementing the model will allow for determining digitalisation development directions, estimating the socioeconomic development level of the state, as well as ensuring its economic security. In the process of research, the following tasks were set to be solved: to select and form a base of indicators necessary for modelling; to develop a model; to investigate the canonical correlation between socioeconomic and digital development indicators by the canonical analysis methods; to investigate the dispersion of canonical variables observations and to find out the most significant areas of digitalisation improvement. As a result of the study, the highest correlation was evaluated between the network readiness index and the socioeconomic progress index (coefficient 0.98). The socioeconomic progress index is also related to the e-government development index (0.92) and the information and communication technology development index (0.90). Thus, the analysis performed in the paper of the correlation between the sets of digitalisation and the socioeconomic development indexes allows us to conclude the presence of a high level of their significant influence and the importance of forming a system of measures to ensure the proper level of the digital development of the country in these directions. Keywords: modelling, methods, canonical analysis, digitalisation, socioeconomic development, economic security of the state.

The Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on International Trade: The Case of MENA Countries

Given the importance of international trade, we empirically investigate the impact of information and communication technologies on the exports, imports, and total trade of five service items by using a panel data for 19 MENA countries from 2005 to 2019. Unlike most previous studies, we use the Information and Communication Technologies Development Index, which is a composite index that combines 11 indicators that include the access, use, and skill aspects of the technology. The results are as follows: the Information and Communication Technologies Development Index has a negative and statistically significant effect on exports of information technology services, and a positive and statistically significant effect on imports and total trade in financial services. Furthermore, we found also that the Information and Communication Technologies access sub-index has a significant effect on total trade in information technology services and transport. For the Information and Communication Technologies use sub-index, its effect on imports of travel services and exports of both travel and information technology services is significant. It also has a significant positive effect on total trade in travel and information technology services. As for the Information and Communication Technologies skills sub-index, the results show that it has significant positive effects on total trade in IT services and travel, and a negative significant effect on transport. These results provide interesting policy insights for information and communication technologies development and the growth of services trade for policy makers.

The Effect of Digital Literacy on the Risks of Children Dropping Out of School During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has negative implications for all aspects of life, including aspects of education. It is feared that the transition to a distance learning system (PJJ) that adopts digital technology will reduce students' learning abilities (learning loss) and potentially increase the risk of dropping out of school. This study aims to study the effect of digital literacy on the risk of dropping out of school for children aged 7-18 years during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative approach that using secondary data of Susenas 2021, Podes 2021, and IP-TIK 2021 publications with 250,921 samples of unit analysis being individuals aged 7-18 years with school status in the academic year (2019/2020) at the elementary to high school levels. Data analysis was performed using descriptive methods and multilevel binary logistic regression. The results of the analysis show that digital literacy as a proxy for digital access (use of mobile phones, computers/laptops, and internet access) has a negative significant effect on the risk of dropping out children of school. Childrens that have higher the digital literacy will have the lower the risk of dropping out children of school. The significant control variables were sex, school level, employment status of the head of household, length of schooling of the head of household, household expenditure quintile, and classification of residence. While the contextual (regional) variable that has a significant effect on the risk of dropping out of school is the information and communication technology development index (IP-TIK)

Digital Technology Development and Income Inequality in Indonesia: Using System GMM Model

This study aimed to analyze the importance of information and communication technology (ICT) for economic development. ICT development has been widely studied and well understood, but its impact on income inequality is less well documented. Therefore, this study used a panel data set in 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2013-2020 to examine the impact of ICT development on income inequality. The econometric Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with the estimation model of the System GMM showed that higher ICT development (Information and Communication Technology Development Index) reduces income inequality (Gini Ratio). This implies that ICT development does not contribute to exacerbating income inequality. However, it could play a role in mitigating and reducing income inequality in Indonesia. Socio-economic and political factors are also important in reducing income inequality. Therefore, redistribution policies and government spending are crucial to reducing income inequality due to ICT development. These policies must be adapted to the needs of each region for ICT development. Keywords: ICT Development, Income Inequality, Socio-Economic and Political Factors, GMM Model.

Do Government Policies and Socioeconomic Conditions Affect Income Inequality?

The problem that is often faced by developing countries is high-income inequality among the population. On the other hand, the development of digital technology occurs very quickly and encourages the community to play a more active role in economic activities. This condition needs to be further explored, especially considering its relation to income inequality in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of government policies and socioeconomic conditions on income inequality in Indonesia in the 2019-2021 period by analyzing secondary data in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The analytical method uses panel data regression with the selected model of the fixed effect model. The data was taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics, each provincial government's Directorate General of Finance, and the Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that the number of poor people significantly positively affected income inequality and regional minimum wages, and the information and communication technology development index negatively affected income inequality. In contrast, the human development index and social assistance spending had no impact on income inequality. The government must improve poverty alleviation programs to reduce the income inequality gap while expanding the accessibility of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide a better quality of life for the people. This study enriches previous research on the effect of socioeconomic conditions on income inequality by adding the newly developed ICT development index variable

The Effect of ICT Index, Constant GRDP, HDI, and Gini Ratio by Province on Percentage of Poor Population (P0) in Indonesia, 2019-2021

Digital and information technology has evolved very rapidly in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. This affects all spheres of life of the Indonesian people. The Information and Communication Technology Development Index (IP-TIK) is a standard measure to describe a region's information and communication technology development level, digital divide and ICT development potential. A region's population poverty rate, regional GDP growth, Human Development Index and Gini coefficient all affect the region's Information and Communication Technology Index (ICT Index). In this study, the authors wanted to know which variables had the greatest impact and how these variables affected scores on the Information and Communication Technology Index (ICT). Research methods use literature research data and quantitative methods. This study uses convergent validity, discriminant validity and composite reliability testing tools. The researchers used SmartPLS 3.2.9 software to determine R-squared values using partial least squares (PLS). The R-squared test results show that the R-squared value of the variable IP ICT is 0.906, which is interpreted as the ability of the model "Percentage of poor population in each province and region (P0), constant GRDP, HDI". It is OK. The Gini coefficient of each province explaining the ICT Index variable is 90.6%, and the remaining 9.4% is explained by other variables.

SIMULTANEOUS SPATIAL DURBIN FOR PANEL DATA WITH TWO WAY ERROR COMPONENT MODEL

This study developed a Simultaneous Spatial model for panel data using Simultaneous Spatial Durbin Model for panel data with two way error component by using Generalized Spatial Two Stage Least Square (SSDPDTWEC GS2SLS). Based on the results of the simulation data, it can be concluded that the SSDPDTWEC GS2SLS model is better than Simultaneous Spatial Durbin for panel data with one way error component using Spatial Two Stage Least Square (SSDPDONWEC S2SLS), SSDPDONWEC GS2SLS, and SSDPDTWEC S2SLS, because it has a smaller mean of square error (MSE) and has a larger coefficient of determination (R Square) value.
 Based on the results of the SSDPDTWEC GS2SLS Model to endogenous economics growth data in Indonesia from 2015-2020, it can be concluded that Gross Regional Domestics Product (GRDP) is significantly affected by Human Development Index (HDI), Poverty (POOR), spatial dependencies of the HDI (WHDI), spatial dependencies of poverty (WPOOR) and spatial dependencies of GRDP (WGRDP), while Information and Communication Technology Development Index (ICTDI) and spatial dependencies of ICTDI (WICTDI) have no significant effect on GRDP. For ICTDI is significantly affected by HDI, WHDI and WICTDI, while GRDP, Direct Expenditure (DE), WGRDP and spatial dependencies of direct expenditure (WDE) have no significant effect on ICTDI. HDI variable is significantly affected by ICTDI, WICTDI, and WHDI while GRDP and WGRDP have no significant effect on HDI. There is no spatial simultaneity relationship between GRDP and HDI as well as GRDP and ICTDI, while between ICTDI and HDI there is a spatial simultaneous relationship.

Analisis PDRB 34 Provinsi di Indonesia Pada Masa Pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo


 
 
 
 This study is intended to analyze the direct influence of education, labor, information and communication technology development index (ICT-DI), and domestic investment (DI) on the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) of 34 provinces in Indonesia during the government period. President Joko Widodo. This study uses secondary data in the form of panel data, 2015-2020, using the variables of average length of school, working population, information and communication technology development index (ICT-DI), and domestic investment (DI). The analytical method used is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results showed that education and manpower had a significant effect on the GRDP of 34 provinces in Indonesia, while the ICT development index and DI did not significantly affect the GRDP of 34 provinces in Indonesia. For this reason, the government should be able to intensify the development of communication infrastructure and provide various trainings, especially for residents in archipelagic provinces, so that the value of ICT-DI can be increased. and also the government to get domestic investment as much as possible can be maximized again because, high and stable DI can help Indonesia in economic development.
 
 
 

Концепция трехфакторной модели цифровой экосистемы ЖКХ

Currently, the value of the information and communication technology development index in Russia is increasing every year, but it still lags far behind the values of world leaders. The specifics of the domestic experience of digital transformation of all spheres of the economy indicates that the main changes are more often carried out in separate vectors, rather than in a complex. This is a definite problem for the development of the digital ecosystem of the industry – a complex system of interconnected objects competing on a single digital platform and designed to solve specific tasks set for industry needs. And it should be considered not only at the level of state support, but also at the level of combining the forces of the state with science and private business. To do this, it is necessary to create stimulating factors in order to attract investment, which is especially important in the housing and communal services sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that make up the architecture of the digital ecosystem of housing and communal services, as well as to assess their mutual influence on each other. Methods of analysis and synthesis, economic-statistical and comparative methods, as well as mathematical modeling were used in the work. The authors analyzed current foreign and domestic scientific publications on the research topic, electronic collections of analytical research centers, and official statistical reports of state bodies. The results are a description of a three-factor model of the digital ecosystem of housing and communal services, consisting of performance indicators of digital services, competence characteristics of human resources and a set of functional digital services for housing and communal services. Conclusion. Considering the digital ecosystem of housing and communal services in a complex of three interrelated factors, it is possible to improve the quality of managerial decision-making in matters of modernization of digital management of housing and communal services. Moreover, mathematically describing the dependencies of the factors of the digital ecosystem, it is possible to move to the level of determining specific thresholds, after reaching which, the housing and communal services ecosystem will acquire an optimal configuration of elements and a higher digital potential.

Social-Economic Background of the Economic Digitalization in Indonesia

Currently, almost all activities of the world community are facilitated by technological developments. Including in the economic field, technology emerges, so the world community calls it economic digitization. Economic digitization is all economic activities based on digital technology. This paper each indicator such as the ICT Development Index or the Information and Communication Technology Development Index (IP-TIK), the Global Innovation Index or the Global Innovation Index (IIG), the Networked Readiness Index or the Network Readiness Index (IKJ), Share of Households with Internet or Internet User Households (RTPI) and High-Technology Exports (% of manufactured exports) or High-Technology Exports (ETT). The data used is secondary data taken from BPS related to IP-TIK, IKJ, RTPI and ETT.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR TERHADAP PENANAMAN MODAL ASING LANGSUNG DI WILAYAH INDONESIA

Infrastructure is a reflection of a country in running its economy, if a country's infrastructure is weak, it can be ascertained that the economy running in that country is running inefficiently. The objectives of this study include (1) To find out road construction, development of information and telecommunications technology, and the number of transportation facilities will have a partial effect on FDI in every province of Indonesia. (2) To find out road construction, development of information technology and telecommunications, and the number of transportation facilities will have a simultaneous effect on PMA in every province of Indonesia. The data used is secondary data obtained from BPS, with a total of 5 years of observations. The analysis technique used is multiple linear analysis technique. The results show that (1) the number of roads has a positive and significant effect on foreign investment in Indonesia. (2) IP-TIK has a positive and significant effect on foreign investment in Indonesia. (3) The number of motorized vehicles has a positive and insignificant effect on foreign investment in Indonesia.
 
 Keywords: Foreign Investment, Road Construction, Information and Communication Technology Development Index, Number of Motorized Vehicles

The Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Poverty Reduction

Poverty is a problem that must be faced every year by the government. The government has made various efforts to overcome poverty. The field of information and communication technology has emerged as one of the factors that can influence poverty alleviation in this era of globalization. The development of information and communication technology in a country will impact the direction of people's behavior in various aspects. The development of information and communication technology has brought many changes for the better in human life worldwide. This study uses secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia, the International Telecommunications Union, and other relevant sources in this study. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of information and communication technology on poverty alleviation with case studies conducted in 34 provinces in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method using panel data regression analysis method using the OLS (Ordinary Least Square) with Fixed Effect Model approach. The partial test (t statistical test) with a 95% confidence level shows that information and communication technology significantly affect poverty alleviation in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Therefore, in this case, the government needs to make efforts to increase the sub-index for the formation of the information and communication technology development index such as public infrastructure facilities in the information and communication technology sector as a means of supporting community activities, as well as community expertise in utilizing technology that the government can do to reduce poverty in 34 provinces in Indonesia.

The Comparative Analysis of The Relationship Between Information and Communication Technologies Development Index and Economic Growth with Panel Data Models

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Gelişim Endeksi (BİTGE) ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin panel veri modelleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmesidir. 2010-2016 yılları arasında, BİTGE hesaplamasında ele alınan 79 ülkenin endeks değeri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek amacıyla panel veri analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Analizde kullanılan değişkenler ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için beş farklı model oluşturulmuştur. Birinci modelde sabit sermaye oluşumu, emek ve 79 ülkeyi kapsayan BİTGE bağımsız değişken olarak alınmıştır. Diğer dört modelde ise 79 ülke, BİTGE endeks değerlerine göre üst, üst-orta, alt-orta ve alt olmak üzere dört gruba ayrılmış ve her bir grubun BİT düzeyinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Model 1, Model 2, Model 3 ve Model 4’te bağımsız değişkenler ile kişi başı GSYH bağımlı değişkeni arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bağımsız değişkenlerin, bağımlı değişken üzerindeki etkisinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu ve BİTGE değişkeninin GSYH’ye katkısının tutarlı ve pozitif yönde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

The internet of things (iot) for flood disaster early warning in dki jakarta: prospect and community preparedness

Flooding is the most frequent disaster in the last ten years in Jakarta and has occurred since the colonial era. Jakarta’s geographical location is partly below sea level, and its dense population causes Jakarta’s vulnerability increases. The study aims to determine the potential of use and development of IoT in flood disaster mitigation systems as an early warning to the public through cell phones, that have become the needs of the urban community to reduce material and non-material losses. This study uses data elaboration methods, using secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) on the Information and Communication Technology Development Index (ICT Development Index) published in 2018, survey data from the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII) on internet user profiles in Indonesia published in 2015. The results of this study indicate that internet penetration reaches up to 56%, the highest compared to other regions in Indonesia. The ICT Development Index shows that DKI Jakarta is the highest ICT Development Index, with 7.41 out of 10. It indicates that IoT based on flood disaster mitigation has the potential to be applied in DKI Jakarta.

ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ УКРАЇНИ ДО ЄДИНОГО ЦИФРОВОГО РИНКУ ЄС У ГАЛУЗІ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙ

The article examines the state of the telecommunications market in Ukraine and the world. Analyzed the forecasts of the worldʼs leading companies specializing in identifying and researching strategic technological trends that contribute to the development of digitalization and innovation. It was found that in Ukraine, in addition to the introduction of the latest technological solutions, the issues of state regulation of the telecommunication services sector, strengthening the role of the national regulatory body in the field of electronic communications, development and adoption of by-laws provided for by the Law of Ukraine «On Electronic Communications» the like. The comparative analysis of Ukraineʼs place with the countries of the nearest geographical neighbors in separate indices of research of the level of development of informatization in the country, namely: Global Innovation Index (GII), Digitization Acceptance Index (DAI) and Information and Communication Technology Development Index (IDI). The main problematic aspects that hinder the effective development of the domestic telecommunications industry are highlighted. The main priority directions and prospects for the development of the telecommunications market in Ukraine are considered. The influence of the instruments of state regulation of the telecommunication services market on the level of development of the competitive environment is analyzed. The key processes and challenges for determining the current state of telecommunications have been studied. It is determined that Ukraineʼs path to the Single Digital Market of the European Union should be based on coordinated actions of the government to form an effective state policy in the development of digitalization of all industries and create a reliable digital infrastructure. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the telecommunications industry is in constant dynamics and trends are growing. In this aspect, the analysis of the current state of the telecommunications market in Ukraine is of great importance for determining its place in the world market and establishing further directions of its development.

Анализ уровня и перспектив развития цифровой экономики: российские и глобальные тенденции

The article describes the digital economy as the most important trend in the world economic development in recent decades. Digital technologies have embraced the lives of individuals around the world, changed business processes and the activities of government bodies. There have been examined the main approaches to defining the essence of the digital economy, their transformation over the past 30 years and the formation of modern views, within which three main approaches to defining the digital economy have been identified: reproductive, cyber-system and institutional. The analysis of the development of the digital economy in the world was carried out using various indicators (business digitalization index, Information Communication Technologies development index, the level of digital competitiveness and others). As for the most digitally advanced countries, there can be mentioned the Scandinavian states, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Great Britain, and Switzerland. The largest digital economy in the world is in China. There are considered the main driving forces of the digital economy: a new data value chain and an increase in the number of digital platforms, accompanied by an increase in their quality. The main tendencies of digitalization processes in Russia are revealed: improvement of positions in world rankings, an increase in the proportion of economic entities actively using digital technologies. The development of the digital economy in Russia is constrained by a number of factors, which determines the need to use the successful experience of other countries in the following main areas: the development of digital platforms, the digital transformation of industry, and the improvement of the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem. The prospects for the development of the digital economy at the global and Russian levels are outlined: the growth in the rate of digitalization and its contribution to global economic growth and GDP, changes in the structure of employment, strengthening of the digital transformation of public administration.

STUDY OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT: REGIONAL ASPECT

The development of society at the present stage is characterized by the practical implementation of digital technologies in many areas of life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the information support of the development of the digital economy in the regions of the Russian Federation. The methodological approaches of international and national organizations in the system for assessing the development of the country's informatization have been disclosed in the article. A system of indicators of the national system for monitoring the development of the digital economy, which reflects the development factors of the information society and the use of information and communication technologies, has been presented. A comparative assessment of the composition and content of international and national indicators for assessing the development of the information society has been given. The calculation on the components of the information and communication technologies Development Index for each subject of the Russian Federation and the Federal districts has been made, as well as the analysis of variations in this Development Index for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2014–2018 has been carried out.