Communication Patterns Research Articles

Teamwork in a Multicultural Context: The Driver of Creativity

This paper deeply explores the complex and dynamic relationship between team creativity and cultural factors and reveals how subtle cultural differences can play a dual role in shaping team creativity. Central to the study is an in-depth analysis of interactions between team members from different cultural backgrounds and how these interactions significantly influence the collective output of the team's creation. This detailed review of the extensive literature illustrates the important impact of team diversity, communication patterns, and leadership style on the profile shaping of team creativity. The center of the discussion is the dual nature of the organizational culture: it has both the potential to stimulate creativity within the team and the potential to inhibit it. Research shows that while cultural diversity brings unique perspectives and ideas that create mature environments for innovative thinking, it also presents significant challenges, including communication barriers and the generation of possible misunderstandings. Without skilled management, these problems can hamper the flow of ideas. Furthermore, this paper highlights the importance of fostering leadership styles and communication strategies for an open and supportive environment critical to thriving team creativity. In the text section, I integrate these findings into practical, actionable strategies that provide some feasible suggestions for organizations seeking to improve innovation. These strategies are deeply embedded in an understanding of cultural dynamics and aim to reform organizational practices to add some possibilities for us to achieve greater innovation and success in an increasingly diverse business world.

Fostering connection: A dyadic analysis of the relationships between mattering, attachment, and mental health.

In this study, we used data from 100 heterosexual couples in a committed, romantic relationship to better understand the relationship between perceived mattering (PM) and attachment, and to explore how PM relates to various mental health and relationship outcomes. A linear mixed-effects model examining both actor and partner effects revealed that men reported lower PM in the relationship when their female partner was higher in attachment avoidance. In addition, higher levels of attachment avoidance or attachment anxiety were significantly associated with lower PM for both men and women. A dyadic path analysis model revealed that higher actor and partner PM was significantly associated with higher couple satisfaction and stronger constructive communication patterns for men and women. Stronger needs-based communication was significantly associated with stronger constructive communication for men and women, as well as lower anxiety for women.

Implementation of Dialogic Communication on The Kodiklatal Website

Ease of obtaining information within the government environment is highly recommended in order to realize good governance. Websites play an important role in becoming a new communication pattern between the government and the public which is considered easier and more appreciative. This research aims to prove how Kent and Taylor apply the principles of Dialogic Communication on the website of the Indonesian Navy's Doctrine Development, Education and Training Command (Kodiklatal). This research uses a positivistic paradigm and quantitative methods which aim to reveal scientific explanations about cause-and-effect relationships. The overall analysis results show that the implementation of the Dialogic Communication principles on the Kodiklatal website is fairly good with a total percentage of 60%. The Kodiklatal website has provided facilities for its visitors to interact with the organization. From the research results, it can be concluded that the Kodiklatal website applies the principles of Dialogic Communication well and is acceptable to the public.

Exploring the Intersections of Artificial Intelligence, Organizational Behavior, and Communication Dynamics in the Modern Workplace

Purpose: While organisations struggle to improve efficiency and productivity, the interaction between AI, organisational behaviour, and communication dynamics tends to be complex in the rapidly evolving modern workplace. Moreover, understanding the implications of this intersection is necessary to encourage a balanced and effective workplace. Hence, employing AI technologies in organisational structures introduces challenges such as workforce adaptation, psychological impact, and communication patterns. This research explored how AI influences organisational behaviour and communication dynamics in the modern workplace. Study design/methodology/approach: This study used a mixed method to explore organisational behaviour and communication dynamics across diverse industries comprehensively. This questionnaire aimed to gather respondents’ experiences, focusing on organisational behaviour and communication dynamics. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (n = 13) to obtain additional insights into goodness and trustworthiness. These interviews offered more depth and richness, providing insights into organisational settings. This mixed methodology ensured a complex understanding of the research problem, leveraging quantitative and qualitative data to enhance the analysis. Findings: The research findings revealed the pathways to how AI influences organisational behaviour and communication dynamics. Initial analysis of survey data and interviews offered insights into employee perceptions, identifying potential challenges and opportunities. One major trait emerging from data analysis is employees’ unstable levels of apprehension and enthusiasm regarding AI integration. While many view it as a mechanism for efficiency, productivity, and innovation, others indicate distress about job shifts and loss of autonomy. Understanding and adopting these opposing insights are fundamental for encouraging a positive organisational ecosystem for AI readiness and adoption. Originality/value: By examining the impact of AI on employees’ attitudes, collaboration, and communication patterns, this research contributes viable insights for organisations navigating the integration of AI into their structures.

Characterizing dysregulations via cell-cell communications in Alzheimer’s brains using single-cell transcriptomes

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting 44 million people worldwide, leading to cognitive decline, memory loss, and significant impairment in daily functioning. The recent single-cell sequencing technology has revolutionized genetic and genomic resolution by enabling scientists to explore the diversity of gene expression patterns at the finest resolution. Most existing studies have solely focused on molecular perturbations within each cell, but cells live in microenvironments rather than in isolated entities. Here, we leveraged the large-scale and publicly available single-nucleus RNA sequencing in the human prefrontal cortex to investigate cell-to-cell communication in healthy brains and their perturbations in AD. We uniformly processed the snRNA-seq with strict QCs and labeled canonical cell types consistent with the definitions from the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network. From ligand and receptor gene expression, we built a high-confidence cell-to-cell communication network to investigate signaling differences between AD and healthy brains.ResultsSpecifically, we first performed broad communication pattern analyses to highlight that biologically related cell types in normal brains rely on largely overlapping signaling networks and that the AD brain exhibits the irregular inter-mixing of cell types and signaling pathways. Secondly, we performed a more focused cell-type-centric analysis and found that excitatory neurons in AD have significantly increased their communications to inhibitory neurons, while inhibitory neurons and other non-neuronal cells globally decreased theirs to all cells. Then, we delved deeper with a signaling-centric view, showing that canonical signaling pathways CSF, TGFβ, and CX3C are significantly dysregulated in their signaling to the cell type microglia/PVM and from endothelial to neuronal cells for the WNT pathway. Finally, after extracting 23 known AD risk genes, our intracellular communication analysis revealed a strong connection of extracellular ligand genes APP, APOE, and PSEN1 to intracellular AD risk genes TREM2, ABCA1, and APP in the communication from astrocytes and microglia to neurons.ConclusionsIn summary, with the novel advances in single-cell sequencing technologies, we show that cellular signaling is regulated in a cell-type-specific manner and that improper regulation of extracellular signaling genes is linked to intracellular risk genes, giving the mechanistic intra- and inter-cellular picture of AD.

WEBINAR SEBAGAI SARANA SOSIALISASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ORGANIK MENJADI EKO-ENZIM

Organic waste resulting from anthropogenic and industrial activities has become a source of pollution that can disrupt the existence of the environment. Various efforts have been made to minimize the presence of these sources of pollution, including processing them into more useful products. Eco-enzymes are a product that can be produced from organic waste which is processed through an anaerobic fermentation process. This online community service activity packaged through a webinar aims to be a means of communication and socialization media to raise public awareness about the urgency of managing organic waste as well and provide new insights in processing organic waste into more useful products in the form of eco-enzymes. The method used was participatory through an online seminar involving 144 participants from various backgrounds of regional, scientific disciplines, professions, and social status. The results of this activity show that there is enthusiasm among the participants in discussions regarding the use and processing of organic waste into eco-enzymes. This webinar is also able to build good communication and interpersonal interaction patterns, discussion and elaboration of material becomes more constructive, and reaches many participants from various regions, scientific disciplines, professions, and social status.

Flexible Estimation of Policy Preferences for Witnesses in Committee Hearings

Abstract Theoretical expectations regarding communication patterns between legislators and outside agents, such as lobbyists, agency officials, or policy experts, often depend on the relationship between legislators’ and agents’ preferences. However, legislators and nonelected outside agents evaluate the merits of policies using distinct criteria and considerations. We develop a measurement method that flexibly estimates the policy preferences for a class of outside agents—witnesses in committee hearings—separate from that of legislators’ and compute their preference distance across the two dimensions. In our application to Medicare hearings, we find that legislators in the U.S. Congress heavily condition their questioning of witnesses on preference distance, showing that legislators tend to seek policy information from like-minded experts in committee hearings. We do not find this result using a conventional measurement placing both actors on one dimension. The contrast in results lends support for the construct validity of our proposed preference measures.

Enhancing Botnet Detection in Network Security Using Profile Hidden Markov Models

A botnet is a network of compromised computer systems, or bots, remotely controlled by an attacker through bot controllers. This covert network poses a threat through large-scale cyber attacks, including phishing, distributed denial of service (DDoS), data theft, and server crashes. Botnets often camouflage their activity by utilizing common internet protocols, such as HTTP and IRC, making their detection challenging. This paper addresses this threat by proposing a method to identify botnets based on distinctive communication patterns between command and control servers and bots. Recognizable traits in botnet behavior, such as coordinated attacks, heartbeat signals, and periodic command distribution, are analyzed. Probabilistic models, specifically Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Profile Hidden Markov Models (PHMMs), are employed to learn and identify these activity patterns in network traffic data. This work utilizes publicly available datasets containing a combination of botnet, normal, and background traffic to train and test these models. The comparative analysis reveals that both HMMs and PHMMs are effective in detecting botnets, with PHMMs exhibiting superior accuracy in botnet detection compared to HMMs.

Women's leadership communication patterns in the political areas in Lampung province Indonesia

AbstractPatriarchal culture still dominates among women in Indonesia and several other countries, often resulting in discrimination. Although almost every country has laws regulating women's positions in the public sector, developing women's roles and positions is still slow, especially in government institutions. This research highlights the importance of women's leadership roles as potential resources for nation‐building. This research uses a holistic approach with an orientation toward natural descriptive data and a qualitative approach through a case study method. In Lampung Province, only two districts have female regional heads, namely the mayor of Bandar Lampung and the regent of Tanggamus. The study found that both leaders used communication patterns that were appropriate to local conditions: the mayor of Bandar Lampung adopted persuasive and participatory patterns, while the regent of Tanggamus used democratic and collaborative communication approaches with a focus on MSME actors and the community. These communication patterns are key to building strong relationships with constituents and achieving better development goals for the region.

Exploring the interplay between individual and family functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

AbstractFamily relationships are central to an individual’s development and influence their emotional, relational, and social trajectories. Optimal family functioning, encompassing emotional connections, communication patterns, and coping mechanisms, is pivotal to the well-being of individual family members, especially during challenging periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic. From this perspective, this study, conducted during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, assessed the interplay between individual and family functioning. Utilizing Hill's ABC-X model, we explored how the pandemic (stressor) impacted family dynamics (resources), perceived individual affectivity and family efficacy (perception), thereby influencing family quality of life (outcome). Four hundred and four participants completed a battery of standardized questionnaires to evaluate perceived individual affectivity during the pandemic, family quality of life, family dynamics (cohesion, flexibility, and communication), family conflict, family efficacy, and family coping strategies. Positive affectivity was associated with better family quality of life and more adaptive family coping strategies. The sample reported a low family quality of life and low family cohesion, flexibility, and communication during the pandemic. A positive sense of family cohesion, flexibility, and communication was associated with better individual well-being, better family quality of life and efficacy, and less conflict. Family communication was the strongest predictor of family quality of life in the study sample. In conclusion, our results emphasize the importance of strengthening family and individual resilience in transforming post-pandemic challenges into psychological and familial growth opportunities.

Aflatoxin B1 exposure deteriorates immune abnormalities in a BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mouse model of autism by increasing inflammatory mediators' production in CD19-expressing cells

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficiencies in communication, repetitive and stereotyped behavioral patterns, and difficulties in reciprocal social engagement. The presence of immunological dysfunction in ASD has been well established. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a prevalent mycotoxin found in food and feed, causing immune toxicity and hepatotoxicity. AFB1 is significantly elevated in several regions around the globe. Existing research indicates that prolonged exposure to AFB1 results in neurological problems. The BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, which were used as an autism model, exhibit the primary behavioral traits that define ASD, such as repeated, stereotyped behaviors and impaired social interactions. The main objective of this work was to assess the toxic impact of AFB1 in BTBR mice. This work aimed to examine the effects of AFB1 on the expression of Notch-1, IL-6, MCP-1, iNOS, GM-CSF, and NF-κB p65 by CD19+ B cells in the spleen of the BTBR using flow cytometry. We also verified the impact of AFB1 exposure on the mRNA expression levels of Notch-1, IL-6, MCP-1, iNOS, GM-CSF, and NF-κB p65 in the brain of BTBR mice using real-time PCR. The findings of our study showed that the mice treated with AFB1 in the BTBR group exhibited a substantial increase in the presence of CD19+Notch-1+, CD19+IL-6+, CD19+MCP-1+, CD19+iNOS+, CD19+GM-CSF+, and CD19+NF-κB p65+ compared to the mice in the BTBR group that were treated with saline. Our findings also confirmed that administering AFB1 to BTBR mice leads to elevated mRNA expression levels of Notch-1, IL-6, MCP-1, iNOS, GM-CSF, and NF-κB p65 in the brain, in comparison to BTBR mice treated with saline. The data highlight that exposure to AFB1 worsens immunological abnormalities by increasing the expression of inflammatory mediators in BTBR mice.

The Digital Medic: Assessing the Role of Social Media in Empowering Individuals with Health Knowledge and Choices

Purpose: The rapid expansion of social media platforms has significantly transformed communication patterns and information access. This study examines the role of social media in sharing health-related content among Indian users, evaluating its trust, influence, and impact. Methodology: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 100 people using SPSS v24, G-power, and literature reviews. Statistical methods assessed reliability, trust, influencing behaviour, and impact perspectives. A model was developed using SPSS 21 AMOS software. Findings: This study examines the transformative potential of social media platforms like YouTube and Instagram for health-oriented information dissemination. It found a significant association between gender and the use of social media for medical information, with independent variables including reliability and Trust, Influence and Behaviour Impact and perspective, and positive impact. The value of ANOVA in the regression model was 0.00, indicating a better fit for the regression model. Practical Implication: The effectiveness of tools in decision-making is crucial for organisations like fitness clubs, gyms, and yoga centres to boost publicity, increase consumer base, and achieve higher revenues, while general people can find trustworthy healthcare information platforms.

TLS fingerprint for encrypted malicious traffic detection with attributed graph kernel

Recently, more and more applications have adopted security protocols like Transport Layer Security (TLS) for data encryption. However, these privacy-enhancing approaches have also been abused by the attackers to deliver malicious payloads. Many existing encrypted network classification methods suffer from the imbalanced volume of normal and malicious traffic, which leads to bad model robustness. In this paper, we propose a novel TLS fingerprinting approach to capture the characteristics of encrypted network traffic. The fingerprints are attributed graphs obtained from TLS sessions, which can simultaneously take into consideration the sequential and statistical features of these sessions. As the communication patterns of different applications differ considerably, the graphs representing TLS connections could be used to characterize the network with the help of the graph kernel method, which results in a model with high accuracy in malicious TLS session detection and application discrimination. Moreover, we adopt Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) and filtering techniques to reduce the time cost of our model. Model evaluation on real-world datasets shows that our model is more robust than existing methods presented in this work when the malicious traffic takes up an extremely small portion of the whole traffic.

Exploring Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes: Pioneering Advanced Applications in Efficient Water Splitting and Sustainable Hydrogen Generation

This interdisciplinary study synthesizes findings from diverse fields including materials science, psychology, and environmental sustainability to explore the multifaceted challenges and opportunities associated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes and social media use. In the realm of materials science, TiO2 nanotubes have garnered attention for their potential applications in sustainable energy generation, particularly in water splitting for hydrogen production. Synthesis methods such as hydrothermal synthesis and nitrogen doping have been investigated to enhance the photocatalytic performance and stability of TiO2 nanotubes. Concurrently, the proliferation of social media platforms has transformed communication patterns and behaviors worldwide, shaping individuals' interactions, perceptions, and mental health outcomes. While social media offers opportunities for connectivity and self-expression, excessive use has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Additionally, social media engagement has been linked to body image dissatisfaction, sleep disturbances, and academic performance, highlighting the complex interplays between online behaviors and psychological well-being. This study integrates insights from a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature, encompassing experimental research, observational studies, and survey-based investigations. The synthesis underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and targeted interventions to address the complex societal challenges posed by TiO2 nanotubes and social media use. Recommendations include further research to optimize synthesis methods, enhance regulatory oversight, and promote responsible digital citizenship. By fostering dialogue and collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, this study aims to inform evidence-based interventions and policy initiatives to promote sustainability, well-being, and equity in the digital age.

Pola Komunikasi Dakwah Kelompok dalam Grup Regional Komunitas “Ruang Edit”

This research aims to find out how group communication patterns in the regional group of the Ruang Edit community can build member attachment to each other. The method in this research uses a case study qualitative method using B.Aubrey Fisher's Decision Emergence theory and Group Development Bruce Tuckman's approach. The data collection techniques used in this research are non-participant observation in the Jabodetabek and Jateng Regional groups, semi-structured interviews with founders, regional admins, and active members as informants, and documentation taken in the form of photographs of activities and other forms of writing. The result of this study is that each indicator of Decision Emergence theory produces various kinds and forms of communication patterns. The orientation phase uses secondary, one-way, and two-way communication patterns. The conflict phase uses linear and two-way communication patterns. The emergence phase uses circular and two-way communication patterns. The reinforcement phase uses circular, two-way, and multidirectional communication patterns. Keywords: Da’wah Communication pattern, Community, Ruang Edit

The Relationship Between Parental Communication Patterns and Children's Personal Social Development in Post-Pandemic COVID-19

The growth and development of preschool-aged children need to be considered by parent, one of which is their personal social development. Social development at the preschool age is considered important because it will be an introduction to children's readiness to enter school. incorporating parents into the social development of pre-school age children, one of which is through good communication patterns. One of the post-pandemic conditions of COVID-19 can cause communication between parents and children to be not optimal. The research objective was to determine the readiness of parents through communication patterns as a mitigation strategy in children's social development in the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The research method uses quantitative research with a cross-sectional study approach. the study group in this study was 38 parents of children in Kindergarten Al-Hidayah V Mangli-Jember Kindergarten. Bivariate analysis using the Pearson correlation test used for this research. There is a very strong relationship between parents' communication patterns and children's social development. Parents have good readiness as a form of strategic mitigation in improving children's social development through good communication patterns in the post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Sophia, A Female Robot With Artificial Intelligence In View of Sociology of Government

Sophia, a humanoid robot in the form of a woman who is equipped with artificial intelligence Sophia is good at numbers, performing repetitive tasks, interacting, communicating, and displaying attractive facial expressions. numbers, performing repetitive tasks, interacting and communicating in an interesting way as well as displaying facial expressions with various emotions. facial expressions with various emotions. AI in the context of sociology has unwittingly changed social life. social life. The existence of AI in the implementation of e-Government changes the pattern of communication in public services, affecting the socio-cultural ties that exist in the society. services, affecting previously strong socio-cultural ties and forming new communities. This phenomenon reflects the parameters of modernity, indicating changes in the order of the social system due to technological interference. This qualitative research aims to find out how the form of Social Interaction in Artificial Intelligence-Based Public Services (AI)-based Public Services is formed. Social Interaction of Artificial Intelligence-Based Public Services (AI) from the perspective of the sociology of government? The results The results concluded that AI is able to complete work without direct human interaction, or directly with humans. The use of AI technology in public services has potential benefits, such as increasing efficiency, service quality, and benefits for the community. Through the system Automated Customer service, Big Data Analysis for Decision Making, Security Detection Kiiminal Detection, Efficient Transportation Administration, Better Health Care and Diagnosis Society is increasingly responsive to the utilization of AI in public services, this is driven by increasing public awareness of the benefits of AI and the risks associated with AI utilization, such as loss of workers.

HOW ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE AFFECTS THE JOB SATISFACTION

Employee job satisfaction is crucial for organizational success and productivity. The organizational climate, comprising factors such as leadership styles, communication patterns, and organizational culture, plays a significant role in shaping employee perceptions and experiences within the workplace. This thesis explores the relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction, aiming to provide insights into how organizational factors impact employee satisfaction levels. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical research, this study examines the various dimensions of organizational climate and their influence on job satisfaction. The research methodology involves surveys and interviews conducted within diverse organizational settings to gather data on employees' perceptions of the organizational climate and their levels of job satisfaction. The findings reveal a strong correlation between positive organizational climates characterized by open communication, supportive leadership, opportunities for growth and development, and high levels of job satisfaction among employees. Conversely, negative organizational climates marked by ineffective communication, autocratic leadership, and a lack of recognition and reward systems are associated with lower levels of job satisfaction and increased turnover rates. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the mediating role of factors such as employee engagement, organizational commitment, and perceived fairness in the relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction. Understanding these underlying mechanisms can provide organizations with actionable insights to enhance employee satisfaction and foster a positive work environment. Organizational climate plays a pivotal role in shaping employees' perceptions, attitudes, and overall job satisfaction within an organization. This master's thesis aims to delve into the intricate relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction, focusing on understanding how various dimensions of organizational climate influence employees' satisfaction levels. The research methodology employed in this study involves a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data.

The work performed through interprofessional meeting discourse: an observational study

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of work performed through interprofessional practice is contingent on the nature and extent of communication between professionals. To date, there is little research exploring how the patterns of communication may impact interprofessional work. This study focused on communication during interprofessional meetings to better understand the interprofessional work performed through these encounters. Specifically, it examined how interactional discourse, that is, the patterns of language, influenced work performed during interprofessional meetings. A series of four interprofessional meetings in a rehabilitation unit were observed. Twenty-one participants were observed, including medical, nursing, allied health clinicians, and health professions students. Follow-up stimulated-recall interviews were conducted with five meeting participants. The data collection consisted of video and audio recordings and detailed field notes. Data were analyzed using a combination of genre analysis, a form of discourse analysis, and activity system analysis, drawing on Cultural Historical Activity Theory. This facilitated an in-depth examination of the structure of discourse and its influence on meeting outcomes. The meeting structure was defined and predictable. Two distinct forms of discourse were identified and labeled scripted and unscripted. Scripted discourse was prompted by standardized documents and facilitated the completion of organizational work. In contrast, unscripted discourse was spontaneous dialogue used to co-construct knowledge and contributed to collaboration. There was constant shifting between scripted and unscripted discourse throughout meetings which was orchestrated by experienced clinicians. Rather than fragmenting the discussion, this shifting enabled shared decision making. This research provides further insights into the interprofessional work performed during interprofessional meetings. The scripted discourse was highly influenced by artifacts (communication tools) in meetings, and these were used to ensure organizational imperatives were met. Unscripted discourse facilitated not only new insights and decisions but also social cohesion that may influence work within and outside the meeting.

Ignorance is not always bliss: A qualitative study of young Adults' experiences with being ghosted

AbstractGhosting, or ignoring someone to end a relationship, is often considered a harmful aspect of growing digital connectivity. However, research on ghosting has focused on the experiences of European/European Americans in romantic contexts. Thus, we broadly explored experiences of being ghosted among 29 undergraduates primarily from underrepresented populations (75.9% Latinx, 6.9% Asian, 6.9% Black) in the United States. We conducted face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews regarding general experiences with being ghosted, a memorable experience of being ghosted, and attitudes toward ghosting. Inductive thematic analysis yielded eight themes surrounding the process of being ghosted (Sensing Shifts in Communication Patterns), ghosting attributions (Unreciprocated Feelings, Incompatibility), responses to ghosting (Stages of Grief, Various Coping Methods, Lost Respect for Ghoster, Insight from Experiencing Both Sides), and ghosting attitudes (Good Reasons). Future research might examine the role of both individual (e.g., cultural values) and situational (e.g., ghosting circumstance) factors in various trajectories of ghosting responses, as well as the psychological consequences of these trajectories.