Communication Patterns Questionnaire Research Articles

Effects of integrative behavioral couple therapy on communication patterns and marital adjustment.

Couples experience maladjustment and serious problems in establishing and maintaining intimate relationships. Therefore, therapists employ different methods for helping couples experience more intimate and compatible relationships. Nowadays, professionals are more interested in using integrative approaches than ever before. Integrative behavioral couple therapy (IBCT) is an exemplar of such methods. This study aimed to analyze the effects of IBCT on communication patterns and marital adjustment. This study included pretest and posttest steps with a control group. The statistical population included couples aged 20-45 years old visiting the counseling and psychological service centers of Tehran for marital conflicts in 2022. After the initial evaluation, 76 couples were selected as the sample through convenience sampling. They were then randomly assigned to the test and control groups. All participants were asked to fill out the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and the Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) one week before the first intervention session and one week after the last intervention session. Participants in the test group attended eleven 90-minute sessions of IBCT, whereas those in the control group received no interventions in this period. The one-way ANCOVA was used for data analysis in SPSS 26. The results indicated that IBCT managed to significantly improve marital adjustment and constructive communication patterns. It reduced two communication patterns called "mutual avoidance" and "demand/withdraw" in the test group (P = 0.001). However, since the effect size of "demand/withdraw" was 0.26, this result should be interpreted cautiously. According to the research findings, Iranian couple therapists can employ IBCT to improve constructive communication patterns and mitigate destructive ones in couples. Given the effect size, IBCT increased dyadic cohesion, affection, dyadic satisfaction, and dyadic consensus as well as improving the marital adjustment of participants.

Hubungan Pola Komunikasi Keluarga Dengan Adiksi Media Sosial Pada Remaja

Social media addiction is a global issue and has become a prevalent habit, especially among teenagers. Social media addiction can be observed through the communication patterns in families. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between family communication patterns and social media addiction in adolescents. This study employs a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consists of 250 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. The measurement tools used are the Revised Family Communication Pattern questionnaire for family communication patterns and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale for social media addiction. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. Result: the majority of respondents have a family communication pattern by conversation orientation, totaling 154 respondents (61.6%). The majority of respondents in social media addiction variable are at the allert level, totaling 135 respondents (54%). Statistical test results show a significant relationship between family communication patterns and social media adiksiion in adolescents (p value 0.00 < α 0.05). Conclusion Family communication patterns have a meaningful relationship with social media adiction. Therefore, families need to give special attention to their communication patterns with their children, as the impact significantly influences the character development of adolescents.

Relationship between stigma and infertility-related stress among couples undergoing AID: The mediating role of communication patterns.

Infertility can be stressful for infertile couples. This study aims to examine the intra-dyadic associations between stigma, communication patterns, and infertility-related stress in couples undergoing artificial insemination by donor semen (AID). This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021. Two hundred and three couples undergoing AID were recruited from a reproductive centre in China. All of the couples completed a two-item stigma questionnaire, Communication Pattern Questionnaire, and Fertility Problem Inventory. The actor-partner interdependence mediation analysis was performed using AMOS 23.0. The analysis demonstrated significant actor-actor effects for couples undergoing AID. More specifically, higher levels of stigma among wives and husbands were associated with more negative communication patterns, thereby increasing their own infertility-related stress. Simultaneously, there was a significant partner-actor effect among infertile wives, demonstrating that the husband's stigma can affect his wife's infertility-related stress by influencing her communication patterns. Couples undergoing AID experience increased infertility-related stress when they have high levels of stigma and negative communication patterns, and husbands' stigma is correlated to wives' communication patterns. Therefore, dyadic interventions aiming to improving stigma and enhancing positive communication may be conducive to reducing infertility-related stress.

Providing a Model for Predicting Children's Differentiation Based on Communication Patterns and Personality Structure with the Mediation of Dysfunctional Attitudes in Parents Attending Counseling Centers in Tehran

Background and Objective: Most spouses in marital life use different communication patterns in interactions with family members, depending on their personality structure. The presence of dysfunctional communication patterns and underdeveloped personalities can cause destructive effects in relationships and lead to a lack of differentiation in children. This study aims to provide a model for predicting children's differentiation based on communication patterns and personality structure with the mediation of dysfunctional attitudes in parents attending counseling centers in Tehran. Methods and Materials: Considering the indices and objectives of the research, the study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all parents attending counseling centers in Tehran during 2021-2022. In this research, the sampling method was multi-stage random sampling, and the sample size was determined to be 350 people based on the Sample Power software. Data collection was carried out using the Differentiation Inventory by Skowron and Friedlander (1998), the Couples' Communication Patterns Questionnaire by Christensen and Sullaway (1991), the NEO Personality Inventory by McCrae and Costa (1985), and the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale by Weissman and Beck (1978) on the selected sample. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SmartPLS structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the proposed model for predicting children's differentiation based on communication patterns and personality structure with the mediation of dysfunctional attitudes in parents attending counseling centers in Tehran had a good fit. Examination of the results based on the direct path showed a significant relationship between the components of communication patterns, personality structure, and dysfunctional attitudes with children's differentiation. The results of the indirect path also showed a significant relationship between the components of communication patterns, personality structure, with the partial mediation role of dysfunctional attitudes and children's differentiation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that understanding the communication patterns and personality structure of each parent based on the mutual understanding of children's needs can predict the level of children's differentiation based on dysfunctional attitudes within the context of family relationships and interpersonal interactions.

Structural Modeling of Trust in Couples Affected by Infidelity Based on Emotional Schemas with the Mediation of Communication Patterns

Objective: Extramarital relationships are among the factors that challenge family health and are the most important threat to the performance, stability, and continuity of marital relationships. The purpose of this study was to model structurally the trust in couples affected by infidelity based on emotional schemas with the mediation of communication patterns. Methods and Materials: The research design was correlational of the structural equation modeling type. The study population consisted of all couples affected by infidelity who attended counseling centers in the cities of Noushahr, Chalous, and Tonekabon from May to August 2021. The research sample comprised 300 individuals from among men and women affected by infidelity (240 women and 60 men) selected through convenience sampling. The research tools included the Emotional Schema Scale (ESS-P) by Leahy 2002, a 37-item version, the Communication Patterns Questionnaire, and the Trust Scale in Interpersonal Relationships. All analyses were performed using structural equation modeling with the assistance of SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. For analyzing mediating relationships, the bootstrap method in the Preacher and Hayes (2008) MACRO program was used. Findings: The results showed that adaptive emotional schemas indirectly affected trust in couples affected by infidelity through the mediation of communication patterns (P<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study can provide useful intervention strategies for improving the communication patterns of couples and assessing their emotional schemas.

Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Emotional Control, Communication Patterns, and Marital Intimacy in Women with Marital Infidelity Experience

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on emotional control, communication patterns, and marital intimacy in women experiencing marital infidelity in the city of Isfahan. Methods and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design including control and experimental groups. The statistical population of this research consisted of all women with marital infidelity experience who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan in 2023. The research sample comprised 45 women with marital infidelity experience, who were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: the DBT experimental group and the emotion-focused therapy (EFT) group, as well as a control group. Data were collected using the Marital Infidelity Questionnaire by Yeniseri and Kokdemir (2006), the Emotion Regulation Scale by Williams, Chamless, and Aheratz (1997), the Communication Patterns Questionnaire by Christensen and Salovey (1984), the Marital Intimacy Questionnaire by Bagarozi (2001), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Gross and John (2003). Data analysis was conducted using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis. Findings: The results indicated that Dialectical Behavior Therapy effectively improved emotional control, communication patterns, and marital intimacy in women. Conclusion: The findings indicate that Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is effective in improving emotional control, communication patterns, and marital intimacy in women experiencing marital infidelity. The results support the use of DBT as a valuable intervention for enhancing psychological well-being and relationship satisfaction among affected individuals.

Predicting Emotional Divorce Based on Differentiation with the Mediation of Communication Patterns

Objective: The current study aimed to predict emotional divorce based on differentiation with the mediation of communication patterns among women attending counseling and psychology centers. Methods and Materials: The present study quantitative research. The research design is descriptive-correlational, conducted using path analysis method. The study population consisted of women experiencing emotional divorce visiting counseling and psychology centers (both private and public) in District 2 of Tehran in the year 2020. A total of 368 individuals were selected using convenience sampling method and responded to the Gottman Emotional Divorce questionnaire (2008), the Skowron and Friedlander Differentiation Scale (1998), and the Christensen and Sullaway Communication Patterns Questionnaire (1984). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: According to the results, the direct path coefficients of differentiation and communication patterns to the emotional divorce of married women are significant (p < 0.05). The direct path coefficients from differentiation to constructive reciprocal communication and avoidant reciprocal communication are significant (p < 0.05). The results of the bootstrap test indicate the significance of the indirect pathways between these variables. This result indicates the significance of the mediating role of communication patterns in the relationship between differentiation and emotional divorce (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that constructive reciprocal communication, avoidant reciprocal communication, and expectation/withdrawal communication mediate the relationship between differentiation and emotional divorce.

Association between adult attachment style, communication patterns and caregiver burden in parents of children with solid tumors: A cross-sectional study

PurposeThe primary purpose of this cross-sectional study was to delve into the connections among adult attachment styles, communication patterns, and caregiver burden within the sample of parents caring for children diagnosed with solid tumors. MethodsA sample of 456 parents responsible for the care of children with solid tumors was conveniently recruited from a pediatric oncology ward at a tertiary hospital from September 2021 to September 2022. The data collection process included a questionnaire on general information, the Caregiver Burden Inventory, the Adult Attachment Questionnaire Short Form, and the Communication Pattern Questionnaire. ResultsThe findings demonstrated a strong and positive connection between caregiver burden and attachment avoidance, whereas no considerable association was observed for attachment anxiety. Attachment avoidance exhibited a positive link with communication patterns and caregiver burden, and a noteworthy inverse correlation with attachment anxiety. Additionally, communication patterns were uncovered as a mediator in the association between attachment avoidance and caregiver burden. ConclusionsThis study underscores the role of communication patterns as mediators between attachment avoidance and caregiver burden among parents of children with solid tumors. These outcomes emphasize the significance of considering attachment styles and communication patterns when comprehending caregiver burden, and can guide the development of targeted interventions to provide support for parents within this challenging context.

Open and Aggressive Communication Patterns: Impacts on Administrative Performance of Principals in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study was carried out mainly to investigate the impact of open and aggressive communication patterns on the performance of administrative duties by principals in public secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of correlational study was used for the study. The population for this study consisted of 203 public secondary schools and 7,538 teachers. Validated instruments entitled, ‘’Open and Aggressive Communication Patterns Questionnaire’’ (OACPQ) and ‘’Performance of Administrative Duties Questionnaire’’ (PADQ) were employed to collect data from the sample of 300 teachers. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. The first stage involved the use of simple random sampling technique to select two Local Government Areas from each of the three Senatorial Districts. The second stage involved the use of simple random sampling technique to select five public secondary schools from each of the six Local Government Areas. The third stage involved the use of simple random sampling technique to select 10 teachers from each of the 30 public secondary schools. The study revealed that the level of performance of administrative duties as well as the extent of the use of open and aggressive communication patterns by the principals in public secondary schools in Ekiti State were relatively moderate; there was significant positive relationship between open communication pattern and performance of administrative duties by the principals; and there was no relationship between aggressive communication pattern and performance of administrative duties by the principals. The level of performance of administrative duties and the extent of the use of open and aggressive communication patterns were moderate. Open communication pattern made significant contribution to the performance of administrative duties while aggressive communication pattern was unable to.

Predicting Being Abused in Marital Relationships Based on Communicational Patterns and Fear of Intimacy in Married Women

Aim: The purpose of this study was to predict being abused in close relationship based on communicational patterns and fear of intimacy in married women. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational.
 Methods: This study was a correlation study, in which 300 married women in Tehran were selected through convenience sampling and they completed the Communication Patterns Questionnaire – short form (CPQ- SF) (Christense & Heavy, 1990), Fear of intimacy scale (Descatner & Thelen, 1991), and the Spouse abuse questionnaire (Gahary, Atefvahid & Yoosefy, 2006). The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression.
 Findings: Study showed that there was a significant positive relation between female demands, male withdrawal, and being abused (r=%236; P≤000). Also there was a significant positive relation between male demanding, female withdraws (r=%324; P≤0/01), female demand, male withdraw (r=%131; P≤0/05), positive interaction pattern (r=%214; P≤0/01), withdraw with fear of intimacy. Positive interaction pattern (r=%194; P≤0/001) and female demand, male withdraw pattern (r=%236; P≤000) predicted being abused. Findings: As a result, it can be said that the communication pattern of female demand, male withdraw and positive interaction pattern of a couple's relationship can create a challenge that causes spousal abuse.

Relationship between Communication Pattern and Marital Happiness of Army Couples

For longevity of a marriage, happiness plays a vital role in contemporary India. Marital happiness, a dimension of marital quality is determined by various marital factors such as self-esteem, communication, intimacy and marital satisfaction of couples. Communication plays a major role in marriage, and they are the key predictors of marital satisfaction in couple (Lavner, Karney and Bradbury, 2016). In marital life, communication is not simply the flow of information from the sender to the receiver but the ability of couples to share their thoughts and feelings to their spouses. This study aimed to have a focal point on the relationship between communication patterns and marital happiness of army couples. As army couples being a breed of its own this study was conducted among 128 army couples (128 husbands and 128 wives) in the age group of 21 to 30 years of age and within their five years of marriage life. Using the Marital Happiness Scale (Azrin, Naster, & Jones, 1973), the marital happiness level and the Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ; Christensen, 1988) the communication pattern of army couples was measured. After statistical analysis, results indicated that the relationship between each pattern of communication is different and significantly correlated with marital happiness of army couples.

Let’s Talk, Honey: An Analysis of Associations Between Communication Patterns and Dyadic Adjustment in Married Couples

Good communication is an integral part of successful intimate relationships. The present study examined the factor structure of the Communication Pattern Questionnaire-Short Form (CPQ-SF) and the dyadic associations between communication patterns and dyadic adjustment in a sample of 162 married couples from Turkey (mean age = 39.09 years). Psychometric analyses support that the Turkish version of the Communication Patterns Questionnaire with 7 items (the CPQ-TR-7) is a reliable measure to assess partners’ communication patterns in the form of positive interactions, self-demand, and self-withdraw. Actor-Partner Interdependence Model analysis revealed that husbands’ and wives’ positive interactions were positively associated with their own as well as their partners’ dyadic adjustment, the more husbands’ and wives’ withdraw, the lower their own dyadic adjustment, and the more wives demand, the lower their own dyadic adjustment.

Comparison of coping methods in marital disputes and the communication pattern of couples in married women with and without borderline personality

Objective: Numerous studies indicate the existence of fears, tensions, legal conflicts and traumatic interpersonal relationships and their subsequent low quality of life in patients with borderline personality. The purpose of this research was to compare the ways of dealing with marital disputes and the communication pattern of couples in married women with and without borderline personality. Method: The current research was a causal-comparative study and the participants were selecting by random available sampling method in Qom city in 2018, including 100 subjects and 50 individuals for each group, and among them, Leichsenring’s borderline personality questionnaire (1999), Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2, 2004) and Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ, 1984) were distributed. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software and univariate analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant difference between the marital discord scales and couples' communication patterns in women with and without borderline personality, with 99% confidence. Based on the obtained data, the components of the scale of marital disputes (injury, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical violence, mental violence) and the scale of couples' communication patterns in women with and without borderline personality, showed more than 47% of the effect, in women with and without borderline personality. Conclusion: The results showed that self-learning variables marital intimacy and job satisfaction positively and significantly affect marital adjustment.

Prediction of academic well-being based on school atmosphere and identity, family communication patterns and social-emotional competence of secondary school students in Sari city

Background and Aim: Students with academic well-being are more successful than their peers in overcoming adversities and academic stress due to having a balance of emotional and academic functions. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to predict academic well-being based on school atmosphere and identity, family communication patterns, and social-emotional competence of secondary school students in Sari city. Methods: The present study was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of the present study consists of all the students of the second secondary level of Sari city in the academic year 2020-21. After explaining the objectives of the research and getting the participation and cooperation of the subjects, the questionnaires were distributed among the students, and by discarding the distorted data, 369 people remained and were examined as the research sample. The research tools include Tominen-Sweeney et al.'s academic well-being questionnaire (2012), Lee et al.'s school climate and identity questionnaire (2017), Ritchie and Fitzpatrick's family communication pattern questionnaire (1990), and Zhu and Ji's emotional and social competence questionnaire (2012). Results: The findings show that there is a significant relationship between academic well-being with school atmosphere and identity (r=0.72), family communication patterns, dialogue orientation (r=0.43) and social emotional competence of students (r=0.69). According to the results of the regression analysis, 39% of the variance of academic well-being It can be explained by the predictor variables of school atmosphere and identity, emotional competence of students, and orientation of dialogue and listening, that atmosphere and identity contributes 43% in predicting academic well-being and is the best predictor of academic well-being in students. Conclusion: Holding psycho-social empowerment workshops for secondary school students, considering that they are going through the challenging period of adolescence, can lead to the improvement of social-emotional competence in students and finally higher academic performance.

The Magic of WDEP in Reality Therapy

Abstract. Background: Reality therapy’s WDEP helps people to become aware of their wants and to engage in directing, evaluating, and planning to recognize the challenges and find solutions to them. This study examined the effect of reality therapy intervention on marital intimacy needs and communication patterns in married men. Methods: We conducted this quasiexperimental study using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The participants were 30 men selected using simple random sampling who were placed into two intervention and control groups, each of 15 persons. The data were collected using the Communication Patterns Questionnaire ( Christensen & Sullaway, 1984 ) and the Marital Intimacy Needs Questionnaire (MINQ; Bagarozzi, 1997 ). We performed the reality therapy intervention for the members of the intervention groups in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. We then analyzed the collected data using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with SPSS software (version 26). Analysis: The implementation of the reality therapy intervention increased the couples’ scores of intimacy needs and all its subscales ( p < .05). Further, there was an increase in constructive relationships with the spouse in the intervention group ( p < .01). However, these changes were not observed in the participants in the control group. Conclusion: Since the reality therapy intervention focuses on accepting responsibility, valuing thinking, and acting in life instead of making excuses, it can help married men to identify their intimacy needs and establish more effective communication with their wives.

Structural model of marital commitment based on differentiation and communication patterns in women: The mediating role of emotional intelligence

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the structural pattern of marital commitment based on differentiation and communication patterns in women with a mediating role of emotional intelligence. Method: The research method was correlation and the statistical population was all married women who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 1397. In this way, in the selection of counseling centers, simple random sampling was used by lot. For this purpose, the city of Tehran was first divided into five regions: north, south, east, west and center; Then, three counseling centers were randomly selected from each region by lottery and 300 women were selected based on Sample Power software. Then Adams and Jones (1997) Marital Commitment Questionnaire, Scorron and Friedlander (1998) Differentiation Questionnaire, Christensen & Sulawesi (1984) Communication Patterns Questionnaire and Bar-Anne (2002) Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire were completed and the data were analyzed using Smart Pls structural equations. Results: The results at the level of 99% confidence showed that the structural model can predict marital commitment based on differentiation and communication patterns mediated by emotional intelligence (β = 0.120) and has a good fit. The direct path of differentiation (β = 0.39) and communication patterns (β = 0.57), and emotional intelligence (β = 0.28) on significant marital commitment and the indirect path showed that differentiation and Communication patterns mediated by emotional intelligence have had a positive effect on marital commitment intensity. Conclusion: For the cohesion and creation of a desirable marital relationship, it is possible to improve couples' relationships by strengthening the emotional intelligence of each couple, the differentiation and type of communication patterns and the confrontation of their psychological elements.

Investigating the modeling of communication patterns and marital intimacy based on attachment styles and thematic relationships mediated by coping styles

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the modeling of communication patterns and marital intimacy based on attachment styles and thematic relationships mediated by coping styles. Methods: The research method of this study is descriptive-survey-correlation; the statistical population of this study included students studying and married in Islamic Azad universities of Tehran province who had been married for at least 2 years. Using Cochran's formula, 385 people were selected by convenience sampling method and the Thompson and Walker Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (OMEIS-2), Christensen & Salawi Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ), Collins and Reed Attachment Style Questionnaire ( (RAAS), Bell Thematic Relationships Questionnaire (BORRTI) and Lazarus Coping Questionnaire (1988) answered and correlation test, regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used. EMOS software and version 26 of SPSS software were used for statistical tests. Results: According to Baron-Kenny algorithm, since the path of coping styles to marital intimacy is significant, it can be concluded that coping styles have a partial mediating role. The whole model explains 2.2% of marital intimacy. Problem-oriented coping 2.4% and emotion-oriented coping 4.5% explain marital intimacy. The AIC index also shows that the indirect effects model is almost more economical than other models. Conclusion: The fit indices of the model Analysis of the path of predicting marital intimacy based on thematic relationships showed that the fit indices of the indirect effects model are better than other models. The Acaic Index (AIC) also shows that the indirect effects model is almost more economical than other models.

The prevalence and related factors with demand or withdraw couples communication pattern

Context: Many couples' problems are related to failure a successful relationship.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the demand/withdraw communication pattern and its related factors between couples.Setting and Design: This cross-sectional study was performed on couples in Sari, Iran, 2018.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 260 couples living in Sari who were selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using a social-medical questionnaire, NEO Personality Inventory, General Health Questionnaire, Enrich couple scale, and couples Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ).Statistical Analysis Used: For data analysis, we used descriptive (mean standard deviation [SD]) and frequency and inferential statistics (simple and multiple regression model).Results: The mean (SD) of women's age was 34.08 (7.71) years, whereas the mean (SD)and of men's age was 39.13 (9.18) years. Furthermore, 34.2% of women and 38.8% of men used the demand/withdraw communication pattern. The results of regression showed that the variables of flexibility (P = 0.036), conscientiousness (P = 0.011), and satisfaction of socioeconomic status (P = 0.038) were positively and current pregnancy (P = 0.005) and female marriage age (P = 0.019) were had negatively correlated with demand/ withdraw communication pattern in both women and menConclusion: According to the results, there was a relationship between couples' demand/withdraw communication pattern and demographic characteristics, marital satisfaction, and personality traits. Therefore, it is recommended that the factors related to couples' communication patterns to provide a solution to promote these patterns toward constructive communication pattern and take effective steps toward preventing marital conflicts for establishing a more efficient relationship.

The Relationship between Family Relational Patterns with Sexual Function and Sexual Satisfaction in Married Women

The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between family relational patterns with sexual function (SF) and sexual satisfaction (SS) in married women. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Dta collection was done by the Communication Patterns Questionnaire—Short Form (CPQ-SF), Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women. The results showed a significant positive relationship between the mutual constructive communication patterns (MCC) with the SF. Also, there was a negative and inverse relationship between mutual avoidance communication (MAC) pattern and SF (except for the pain component) and also between the demand-withdrawal communication (DWC) pattern and SF in the stimulation and SS components. Also, there was a negative and inverse relationship between the communication models, except for the MCC model, with women’s SS. In analyzing the multivariate regression analysis (MRA), it was observed that the MCC had the most predictable role of women’s SF.

Communication Patterns Questionnaire: Expanding Reliability and Validity Evidence

Several studies highlight the role of communication in couple’s functioning, specifically showing the need to examine communication during conflicts. The Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ; Christensen & Sullaway, Communication patterns questionnaire. University of California, 1984; Christensen, Understanding major mental disorder: The contribution of family interaction research (pp. 250–265). Family Process Press, 1987; Christensen, Perspectives on marital interaction (pp. 31–52). Multilingual Matters, 1988) is a widely used self-report instrument to measure couple communication behavior. Despite the widespread use of the questionnaire in clinical and research contexts, questions remain about its psychometric properties. The current study examined the reliability and validity of an Italian version of the CPQ. The original English language CPQ was translated into Italian and then back translated for accuracy. The final Italian version of the CPQ was then administered to a sample of 456 married subjects (50% men and 50% women) together with other scales measuring styles of dealing with interpersonal conflict, dyadic adjustment and romantic attachment style. Exploratory factor analyses suggested a three-dimensional structure which were named Demand/Withdraw, Constructive Communication, and Aggressive Communication. Internal consistencies were adequate and the hypothesized relationships with external concurrent criteria were overall substantiated. Implications for research and clinical practice are addressed.