Communication In Emergency Situations Research Articles

The Possibility of Improving the Range and Quality of Air-to-Ground WebRTC-Based IoT Communication in Emergency Situations by Employing an External Transceiver.

The proliferation of new services, either interpersonal or machine-oriented, has generated new demands concerning the flexibility and efficiency of transmission. The ubiquity of multimedia communication in the current internet is seamlessly and successfully supported by the WebRTC concept. This paper reports on the study of the usage of a solution employing a proxy transmission unit for air-to-ground delivery of video streaming multiplexed with sensor data in the UAV-IoT system when using the WebRTC protocol stack. The comparative experiments were carried out for two cases employing the 802.11ac network with WebRTC: the first scenario (S1) without an external transceiver and the second scenario (S2) with an external transceiver working as a proxy of the ground receiver. The presented results compare the transmission conditions without (scenario S1) and with (scenario S2) the external transceiver in terms of the RSSI, the available data rate, and total throughput of transmission of multimedia data (video stream from the UAV camera and bursty data coming from employed sensors. The usefulness of the external transceiver used in a wide range of transmission conditions is clearly proven.

Method for controlling the radiation pattern of an underground radiation antenna

Currently, communication and signaling means of underground structures are implemented by wire lines. In addition, radio communications of various frequency ranges are used, operating within line of sight and having the disadvantage of interrupting radio communications in emergency situations. Low-speed broadcast systems using ultra-low frequencies are also used. This work shows the possibility of using subsurface georadar technology to organize a faster circular warning system for underground structures. Existing GPR instruments using ultra-wideband pulses in the 1 to 50 MHz band reach depths of several hundred meters. In this case, control of the radiation pattern of the underground radiation antenna is possible both in the horizontal and azimuthal planes. Modern methods of controlling antenna-feeder devices used in georadar are shown, allowing to improve user qualities for various applications. With the development of these methods, additional areas of application of these devices appear: in underground radio communication systems, for identifying low-contrast objects, for ground penetrating radar from aircraft. Based on the method for controlling the directional pattern of underground radiation antennas in the horizontal plane for stationary or specialized devices, a new method has been developed to control the main lobe of the directional pattern in the azimuthal plane of the transmitting antenna. A method has been proposed for controlling the radiation pattern in various technical implementations, which allows changing the position of the radiation pattern both discretely and smoothly. Examples of using the developed method for controlling the radiation pattern of an underground radiation antenna for the implementation of geophysical instruments of various types have been shown. The possibilities of locating underground radiation antennas in various soils have been proposed when using them in circular warning systems for underground structures.

Кризисная риск-коммуникация при оказании медицинской помощи пострадавшим в чрезвычайных ситуациях

Summary. The purpose of the study is to study domestic and foreign experience in implementing risk communications in providing of medical care to victims of emergency situations (ES). Materials and methods of research. Research materials – domestic and foreign publications on the problem of using risk communications in emergency situations. Research methods – analytical method and generalization method. Research results and their analysis. During the period of liquidation of the consequences of emergencies, especially those that are characterized by scale and wide public resonance, issues of information support of the population and medical personnel become of utmost importance. Emergency risk communication (ERC) is a key public health challenge that Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) must address. Main principles of risk communication: – people have the right to participate in decisions that affect their lives; – different goals, audiences and communication channels require different risk communication strategies; – it is necessary to listen to the audience and its needs; – honesty and openness are the foundation for building trusting relationships with the population; – inconsistency between various government agencies when providing information to the population leads to a decrease in trust in the authorities on the part of the population; – interaction with the media and the public should be carried out on a planned and ongoing basis; – specialists should speak to the public simply, clearly and, if possible, avoiding professional terms that are incomprehensible to a wide audience.

Communication in Emergency Situations – the Covid 19 Pandemic in Foster Families. Organization and Principles of Operation

The article contains the results of research on the organization and course of communication (contacts) in emergency situations, e.g., the COVID 19 pandemic (border closure, quarantine, social distance, epidemiological supervision). The conducted research concerned the contact of children in foster families in emergency situations with their natural parents with the use of electronic communication, which has been standardized by Polish law. The diversified involvement of natural parents in contacts as well as the low use of electronic communication means for contacts was indicated. The obtained research results make it possible to recommend the use of children in foster families in emergency situations with natural parents from electronic communication means in emergency situations, such as pandemics, epidemics, long-term separation in the vast majority of cases. Such solutions should be legally established as alternatives. The conducted research and analysis of results supplement the knowledge in the field of communication, education and organizational solutions for communication in emergency situations. The author, analyzing the common phenomenon of the effectiveness of contacts between natural parents and children staying in foster families in emergency situations, analyzed the involvement of the natural family and foster family from the perspective of emergency situations and the possibilities offered by electronic communication means.

НАДАННЯ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТЕЛЕКОМУНІКАЦІЙНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ПРИ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ

The article examines the issue of international legal regulation of relations in the provision of telecommunication assistance within the framework of operations in emergency situations and liquidation of the consequences of natural disasters. The historical aspects of the formation of international legal regulation of the provision of telecommunication resources in emergency situations, the conditions of cooperation of states in the field of communication in emergency situations, aimed at mitigating and eliminating the consequences of natural disasters, are studied. Considered the importance of the Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations of 1998 (Tampere Convention) in the formation of such a component of humanitarian aid as telecommunication aid. The peculiarities of the activities of the International Telecommunication Union in the field of international telecommunication assistance are analyzed.

A Study of the Value of Network Media in Covering the COVID-19 Epidemic

The relevance of the article lies in the study of the value aspect of the functioning of online media, which played an important role in overcoming the COVID-19 epidemic. The object of the study is the network media Weibo, TikTok and the network platform “Gosuslugi. Let’s decide together.” Scientifi c novelty is manifested in the analysis of the little-studied problem of the value of network media as sources of information in overcoming the real diffi culty of communication in an epidemic. The value of online media is expressed in educating the audience and jointly overcoming the consequences of the pandemic. The following methods were used: mass media monitoring, comparative analysis method, study of documents. A comparative analysis of the functioning of traditional and online media led to the conclusion that during the study period (from December 31, 2019 to July 15, 2020), traditional media did not pay due attention to organizing feedback from the audience, studying its opinion, as well as its emotional state. Traditional media have focused exclusively on factual messages, unlike online media, which are interested in: 1) engaging the audience in the exchange of information; 2) articulating its information needs and 3) expressing its emotions about the pandemic. A critical analysis of the literature has shown that the value of online media increases signifi cantly in emergency situations, such as an epidemic, since these information platforms are able to overcome time and space barriers in real time, distributing high-quality news and realizing the vital interests of the audience. The study of documents and reports of international health organizations confi rmed this thesis: the activities of the media lead to changes in public opinion and behavior and can affect the general psychological state of society. In the article, the value of network media is considered in three aspects: 1) social value is expressed in bringing the voices of ordinary people to everyone’s attention, satisfying their need to express emotions; 2) the value of communication ‒ in removing restrictions in intersocial and internatio nal dialogue and information exchange; 3) the value of propaganda lies in uniting peoples and promoting social cooperation in overcoming global dangers. In the future, it seems necessary to study the value of network media in the scientifi c discourse in the dissemination of information and organization of communication in emergency situations.

Интервью с Ваней Ангеловой

The interview with Vania Angelova is devoted to the topic of multipotentials – versatile gifted people. By her own example, the Bulgarian researcher tells how she took part in the different projects as a writer, philologist, poetess, journalist and in many other guises. At the same time, such versatility is not a burden for her – on the contrary, the participation in different projects and the performance of various social roles allow her to reveal more deeply and fully each of them, stimulates new creative searches. What for the older generations was the result of overwhelming or unique personality is increasingly becoming a widespread norm, a way of life for the younger generation. This allows us to speak now of the new generation as a generation of multipotentials, whereas earlier it was possible to observe only extremely rare phenomena of multipotentials on the example of individuals. Vania Angelova believes that the formation of a person as a multipotential begins in early childhood, therefore it is extremely important to educate children that will enable them to develop as multipotentials. Vania Angelova critically assesses the onset of modern digital culture, its dominance, and encourages young people to turn to books and not limit their world to digital technologies. At the same time, the Internet, social networks, online classes can partially compensate for the lack of communication in emergency situations, such as a pandemic and the accompanying lockdowns. Also, digital communications contribute to the establishment of international contacts – the implementation of both scientific and other creative projects. However, any successful projects are based on live human communication – it is this that reveals the personality as a multipotential. Therefore, personal communication is especially important in the field of education.

Nurses perception to the implementation of therapeutic communication in intensive care unit

Therapeutic communication in intensive rooms was a therapeutic communication initiated by nurses to patients with intensive conditions whichrequired critical thinking, fast and precise measures in coping with each patient's needs. To figure out the nurses’ perceptions of the application of therapeutic communication in Intensive room.The study was qualitative phenomenological study, involving eight intensive care nurses participants from IGD, HCU, ICU and NICU. The inclusion criteria were nurses who had worked at least 1 year in the intensive unit, with a minimum education level of bachelor in nursing, through in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. There were 4 themes identified in the nurses’ perception of the application of therapeutic communication: communication to help the healing process, adaptation and information, stages, technical and benefits of communication. The communication which had not been widely explored wasthe one to help the patients' adaptation process to illness and the communication in emergency situations. The therapeutic communication model is adjusted to the goals and characteristics of patients. Especially for the patients in emergency condition, the nurses are required to have sensitivity and communication skills which have not been sufficiently explored. The communication tends to be directional, not interactive, while the non-verbal communication has not been carried out optimally.

Algumas considerações sobre surdos no mercado de trabalho: uma experiência sobre língua e segurança

Este trabalho busca abordar algumas dificuldades enfrentadas no mercado de trabalho por sujeitos surdos em relação à comunicação e à inclusão no meio profissional. Tal reflexão se originou com o convite feito ao projeto de extensão “Recursos e Materiais Didáticos de Língua Portuguesa como L2 para Surdos”, da UERJ, para oferecer uma palestra diferenciada para uma empresa de engenharia, durante a Semana Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes de Trabalho (SIPAT). Como linha geral da apresentação, consideramos enfatizar as diferenças linguísticas e culturais dos trabalhadores surdos que ali trabalham como também sugerir formas de comunicação em situações de emergência. Observamos que os trabalhadores da empresa se sentiram mais envolvidos com a valorização da língua de sinais e os cuidados com o trabalhador surdo em caso de acidentes, salientando a importância da Libras em ambientes de trabalho.

Measurement of Radiated Field From Transmitting Antennas Located in Various Environments

In microcellular communications, the transmitting antennas can be installed at low heights above the ground. However, even for low elevation towers, installation cost is still high. One of the possible ways for the deployment of base station antennas is to install them near the ground in order to do away with the tower. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest installation of the radiating antennas near the ground and tilting their orientation toward the sky—a totally nonintuitive solution. It will be shown that such deployments have the potential of reducing slow fading and can further enhance the signal strength close to the radiating antenna. This paper provides measured data for the received fields to validate the theoretical conjecture of such a deployment in various environments. The measured results are presented for 245, 800, 1000, and 2400 MHz. It is illustrated that such an unorthodox deployment can result in a low cost for the installation of base station antenna as the towers are not necessary. This can be useful in restoring communications in emergency situations where minimum infrastructure exists.

A survey on ACO based multipath routing algorithms for ad hoc networks

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the existing routing algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks to evaluate the methods according to the current requirements. Wireless ad hoc network can provide communication in emergency situations. Active nodes in ad hoc network work as sender, receiver and router at the same time. Nodes are equipped with limited bandwidth and energy. Optimal routing method can help in “smart use” of available resources. Evolvement of routing method based on need is a continuous process. Numerous applications of ad hoc network motivates researcher for further development to fulfill the need of society.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, routing algorithms for ad hoc network based on ant colony optimization, multipath routing and with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna support have been discussed.FindingsComparative analysis has been drawn among existing algorithms of different categories. Transmitting message packets parallel through multiple paths in the network can save overall resource usage in the network.Originality/valueThe authors have discussed the future area of development for optimal routing in ad hoc networks. Considering signal noise ratio and congestion status while selecting path can provide better energy use in the network. Rather than leaving less prioritized route paths, multiple paths can be used for sending data packets parallel.

Architectures and Strategies for Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In recent years, the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have evolved quickly leading to sensors with increased memory, storage, processing, and communication capabilities. WSNs have many applications in the commercial, environmental, and military fields. In addition, the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has gone through revolutionary improvements, which have led to highly advanced UAVs that come in numerous sizes, capabilities, and functions. In order to significantly reduce the energy consumption used in data transmission, reduce radio frequency interference that can be caused with the hidden terminal and collision problems that are present in the multihop data routing approach, and extend the network lifetime, this paper presents different models and strategies for using UAVs for data collection in WSNs. Even though, some of the models can be used for real-time data traffic communication in emergency situations, most of the proposed models are useful for data traffic that is delay tolerant. We define the different types of nodes and devices that are used, and present different UAV-based data collection frameworks including store-and-forward, and real-time data transfer models. The paper also provides several UAV routing algorithms, which use round-robin and demand-driven strategies.

WLAN-Opp: Ad-hoc-less opportunistic networking on smartphones

Opportunistic networking enables many appealing applications including local social-networking, communication in emergency situations, and circumventing censorship. The increasing penetration of smartphones should, in theory, foster opportunistic networking. In practice, current candidate technologies for opportunistic networking, such as Wi-Fi ad-hoc, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi Direct, are either not available on current smartphones, or require undesired user interaction to establish connectivity.To overcome these shortcomings, we propose WLAN-Opp for smartphones. This IEEE 802.11-based technology leverages the tethering mode of smartphones, a feature originally used to share Internet access, which allows smartphones to become WLAN-based access points that provide networks for other smartphones operating as stations. The transitions between WLAN-Opp access point and station mode are randomized as a function of the number of other co-located networks and stations, and depend on duty cycling intervals. We optimize the probabilistic operations in a simulation study and provide a parametrized implementation of WLAN-Opp for out of the box smartphones. By replaying real contact traces in simulation, we find that WLAN-Opp can utilize up to 80% of the contact time while saving up to 90% of the energy Wi-Fi ad-hoc would consume. Finally, we demonstrate in a field trial with 34 users over 5days that WLAN-Opp can provide a practical solution in a realistic setting.

Modeling an ontology on accessible evacuation routes for emergencies

Providing alert communication in emergency situations is vital to reduce the number of victims. However, this is a challenging goal for researchers and professionals due to the diverse pool of prospective users, e.g. people with disabilities as well as other vulnerable groups. Moreover, in the event of an emergency situation, many people could become vulnerable because of exceptional circumstances such as stress, an unknown environment or even visual impairment (e.g. fire causing smoke). Within this scope, a crucial activity is to notify affected people about safe places and available evacuation routes. In order to address this need, we propose to extend an ontology, called SEMA4A (Simple EMergency Alert 4 [for] All), developed in a previous work for managing knowledge about accessibility guidelines, emergency situations and communication technologies. In this paper, we introduce a semi-automatic technique for knowledge acquisition and modeling on accessible evacuation routes. We introduce a use case to show applications of the ontology and conclude with an evaluation involving several experts in evacuation procedures.

SEMA4A: An ontology for emergency notification systems accessibility

Providing alert communication in emergency situations is vital to reduce the number of victims. Reaching this goal is challenging due to users’ diversity: people with disabilities, elderly and children, and other vulnerable groups. Notifications are critical when an emergency scenario is going to happen (e.g. a typhoon approaching) so the ability to transmit notifications to different kind of users is a crucial feature for such systems. In this work an ontology was developed by investigating different sources: accessibility guidelines, emergency response systems, communication devices and technologies, taking into account the different abilities of people to react to different alarms (e.g. mobile phone vibration as an alarm for deafblind people). We think that the proposed ontology addresses the information needs for sharing and integrating emergency notification messages over distinct emergency response information systems providing accessibility under different conditions and for different kind of users.

Beamforming for satellite communications in emergency situations

AbstractWe consider a multi‐beam Ka‐band satellite communication system aimed at operating in emergency situations where terrestrial communications systems are no longer effective. In contrast to most systems which use one single beam to cover a large area, we study here the feasibility of a one beam per user concept, where a beamformer is calculated for each user. This should allow to guarantee the maximum antenna gain towards each user.We assess the performance of the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer and of a beamformer using a training sequence in realistic scenarios including channel, steering vector and synchronisation errors. We show that both beamformers provide a sufficiently high output signal to noise ratio in a DVB–RCS system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Intelligent Visualisation and Information Presentation for Civil Crisis Management

This paper describes an ongoing research work on developing methods for effective visualisation support for situation analysis, decision making, and communication in the course of disaster management. The major goals are to reduce the information load of the analyst, decision maker, or information recipient without omission of anything important and to ensure quick and accurate comprehending of the information. The work embraces the issues of selection of the relevant information and defining the appropriate level of detail, data preparation (aggregation and other transformations), and selection of the appropriate methods for visual representation depending on the user's tasks or communication goals, recipient's profile, and the target presentation medium. A practical outcome from the research will be a knowledge base that can be used to support analysis, decision making, and information communication in emergency situations. A great part of the knowledge, specifically, knowledge on data transformation and representation, is generic and can be used for different applications.

Communication in Emergency Situations

Communication in emergency situations requires not only specific verbal but also non-verbal competencies of persons involved. Verbal communication comprises, apart from speech culture and the way language is used, also language competence which is to be properly applied in discourse. If language competence fails, non-verbal communication (body language) takes place.

Effective Communication in Emergency Situations: Pharmaceutical Companies' Telephone Numbers

Effective Communication in Emergency Situations: Pharmaceutical Companies' Telephone Numbers