Communication Equipment Research Articles

PicPatrolling: Smart Surveillance with ESP32CAM

Robotics is an exciting and developing branch of science. Robots are now common in society because of their high efficiency and durability, and they have many users. Security and surveillance robots, especially those with wheeled movements and agility, are important for multiplexes in security and surveillance domains, including public security, military, facilities, and home security. These robots carry built-in high-end sensors, cameras, and communication equipment that simplify real-time data collection in indoor and outdoor environments. "PicPatrolling: Smart Surveillance with ESP32CAM” is a technique that attempts to improve the current concept of security and surveillance. The proposed system incorporates ESP32CAM for image capture and transmission without delay and GPS for location tracking. The system includes sending photo e-mail alerts, making immediate reports, and guaranteeing adequate area coverage. The robot can move during operation in a complex environment using computer vision, machine learning, and sensor fusion to recognize objects, faces, and changes and monitor important regions.. Application areas for surveillance robots include commercial and populated regions, transport points and architectural structures, other soft regions that people cannot access, and other dangerous areas that humans cannot monitor for various reasons.

Cloud-Based Automatic Configuration and Disaster Recovery of Communication Systems Applied in Engineering Training

Network management and troubleshooting require not only a grasp of advanced concepts but also the development of analytical and problem-solving skills. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces a novel network administration system, DRACSC (Spanish acronym for device for automatic recovery and configuration of communication systems), designed for the automatic configuration and disaster recovery of communication equipment. This system transcends the limitations of current hardware and software solutions by combining their advantages, boasting portability, automated functions, and a cloud-based repository as its main features. The DRACSC system, undergoing a comprehensive large-scale evaluation involving diverse user groups across multiple institutions, was tested with 89 users, including students and teachers at educational centers and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) professionals. The benefits of the system were evaluated through a training program based on simulated real-world ICT environments, focusing on both quantitative results on the reduction in time to complete user tasks, as well as qualitative results on the interface and usability of the system. Statistical analysis, including Welch’s t-test on opinion surveys, indicated a significant increase in knowledge and understanding, demonstrating the system’s potential to enhance education and practice. Moreover, the evaluation shed light on the user experience, with positive impacts observed for learning and teaching implications. As a result, the study has verified that the system has the potential to significantly influence network management practices, enhancing both learning and professional application through improved efficiency and usability.

Teachers’ Utilization of Information and Communication Technology and Learners’ Academic Performance

Several novel concepts and understandings in education can result from researching how teachers use information and communication technology (ICT) and how that use affects students’ academic achievement. It is on this premise that this paper aimed to determine the extent of teachers’ ICT utilization and its relationship with learners’ academic in a public secondary school, in one of the districts of a large size schools division in Central Philippines, during the School Year 2023-2024. Data needed for this descriptive study was collected from 42 respondents using a self-made 30-item questionnaire that has passed the rigorous tests of validity and reliability. This study employed appropriate statistical methods based on the stated objectives namely, frequency and percentage count, Mean, Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman Rho. Data showed a great extent of teachers’ ICT utilization when analyzed regarding instructional delivery and computer peripherals and equipment. Meanwhile, learners’ academic performance was found to be very satisfactory. The results state that the relationship between extent of teachers’ ICT utilization in teaching and learners’ academic performance is interpreted as not significant, the extent of teacher’s utilization of Information and Communication Technology does not affect the learners’ academic performance. The study results call for the teachers to encourage using technology in delivering the lesson, and the higher authority may support the school in providing the needs of the teachers and students and equip educators with tangible abilities to enhance technology integration in classrooms, fostering creativity, collaboration, and continuous refinement of teaching and learning approaches. Keywords: Information and communication technology, instructional delivery, computer peripherals and equipment, Negros Occidental, Philippines.

Applications of atmospheric optical communication equipment

Applications of atmospheric optical communication equipment

Building sustainable mitigation through adaptive green open space on tanjung mas sub district

Abstract Mitigation is a step to reduce the risk of disasters in a particular area. Tanjung Mas sub-district is an area that has a high potential for land subsidence and tidal flooding because it is located on the North Coast of Java. Temporary evacuation points are urgently needed to protect residents from the dangers of tidal floods and distribute logistics from volunteers. Based on community preferences, the Green Open Space in Tambak Lorok are used as an evacuation point for flood disasters. The green open space, which was initially used for sustainable water absorption, was converted into an evacuation point as a flood disaster mitigation measure. This research aims to measure the suitability of green open space as a temporary evacuation site. The research method used is a Space Syntax approach and qualitative description analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, almost all the requirements for evacuation places by the green open space location. It is easily accessible because it is on the primary residential route, easily accessible by vehicles, and has building structures higher than the road. However, the area of green open space still needs to be increased for the minimum standard capacity per person. Apart from that, the infrastructure to support evacuation, such as electricity, communication equipment, or rubber boats, needs to be improved. The construction of green open space as a temporary evacuation site needs to be adjusted to minimum standards and the needs of the population. It is also hoped that the development of green open space will be the responsibility of not only the government but also cooperation between stakeholders. Green open space isn’t just for environment impacts, but can also increase the community resilience.

The requirements of providing health education for rural people through electronic methods: the experiences and perspectives of community health workers.

Reliance solely on traditional approaches in health education is no longer considered sufficient, and electronic/digital education can be a complementary approach. Implementing electronic methods in health education requires identifying the requirements from the perspective of the service providers. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the experiences and perspectives of community health workers (Behvarzan) regarding the requirements for providing health education for rural people through electronic/digital means. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2022 at Alborz University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 Behvarzan from Health Houses (HH) in Karaj City. The data were analyzed using the inductive Elo & Kyngas approach and conventional content analysis facilitated with MAXQDA software. After analyzing the results, we extracted 139 open codes, and by merging them for more precise coding and to facilitate the research process, we formed three main themes and ten subthemes. The themes included Technology (technical infrastructure, content production, content delivery methods, and content delivery channels), Facilities and equipment (communication equipment and electronic content repositories), and Stakeholders (training of providers, motivating providers, persuading learners and target groups, and reference groups). From the perspective of rural healthcare workers, the implementation of electronic education requires necessary technology, equipment, facilities, processes, and content should be pursued and provided through specialized working groups, extending from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education to local HHs. These resources should be available to the healthcare workers and their target populations. Concurrently, educational programs and incentives should be defined and offered at the university level and within health networks for rural healthcare workers and their populations.

Modernization of small-sized drying plant for searching optimal modes with thermovision control

The climatic features of the Murmansk region (low average annual temperature; insignificant number of sunny days) do not contribute to the effective use of natural methods of drying aquatic organisms and determine the use of artificial dehydration methods using appropriate equipment. The capabilities of ship fish processing complexes are limited; highly productive coastal fish processing plants are required to supply the population with fish products. The development and testing of new drying modes has been carried out using a small-sized drying unit UPOR-M2. In the course of the study, a drying unit modernization project has been developed, equipment has been selected (thermal imaging system; damper and fan control modules), the system has been modernized and a number of experiments has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of the work performed. The modernization of the drying unit has made it possible to increase the accuracy of the data obtained by 25 % (temperature), 20 % (relative humidity), 18 % (weight), to implement remote control of the processes and to ensure reliable operation of the drying system. Further research of different drying modes for aquatic organisms should include upgrading the air supply control system and improving communication equipment.

Designing a Novel THz Band 2-D Wide-Angle Scanning Phased-Array Antenna Based on a Decoupling Surface

This paper proposes a novel THz band 2-D wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna (PAA) based on a decoupling surface. The simulated S11 bandwidth under periodic boundary conditions is 106–119 GHz, with stable gain within the bandwidth. The designed decoupling surface effectively reduces the coupling between elements, and the simulated active VSWR performance and ground surface current distribution under periodic boundary conditions confirm this. An 8 × 8 (64-element) planar PAA is modeled and simulated in CST2022 to verify the beam-scanning performance of the PAA. According to the simulation results, a 2-D wide-angle scanning of ±48° is achieved in the 106–114 GHz range, while in the 115–119 GHz range, a wide-angle scanning of ±48° is achieved on the E-plane, and the beam-scanning range on the H-plane reaches ±40°. Moreover, the normal peak gain is stably maintained at 21.9–22.8 dBi, with a normalized radiation efficiency as high as 95%, and the scanning radiation efficiency is higher than 81%. Due to its stable gain and 2-D wide-angle scanning performance, the proposed PAA has a broad application prospect in terahertz wireless communication equipment.

Exploring the impacts of high-speed rail on technology-intensive manufacturing: the case of the Yangtze River Delta region, 2007–2016

High-speed rail (HSR) may influence economic activities that rely heavily on innovation by facilitating skilled labour, face-to-face interactions, and knowledge spillovers. This study explores how HSR development affects the spatial distribution of technology-intensive manufacturing (TIM) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. Using a panel dataset including 24 cities for the period 2007–2016 and employing the output of communications equipment, computers, and other electronic equipment (CCOE) as a proxy for TIM’s economic productivity at the city level, we apply the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) and spatial Durbin model (SDM) to measure the impacts of HSR’s initial opening and connectivity on CCOE development and capture the spatial spillover effects of HSR connectivity. Our findings indicate that the initial opening of HSR and HSR connectivity are negatively associated with CCOE productivity in both DID and SDM. Additionally, the reduction of CCOE is more pronounced in cities with larger populations and higher levels of economy. Moreover, HSR has a more significant effect on CCOE than other manufacturing sectors. However, the spillover effects remain insignificant, indicating HSR’s limited impact on CCOE development in adjacent cities within the YRD.

Relationship between microstructure and dielectric/thermal management properties of biomass ramie fiber and its applications in recyclable wave-transparent composites

Industrial fiber crops are increasingly utilized in functional composites as substitutes for conventional fibers, aiming to address the limited microwave transmittance (MWT) and thermal conductivity (λ) of commercial glass fiber-reinforced composites (D-GFRC), which significantly reduce the service life of communication equipment shells and result in substantial waste pollution. Ramie fiber-reinforced composite (RFRC) possesses good dielectric/thermal management properties attributed to distinctive microstructure. However, the uncontrollable microstructure and unclear structure-property relationship of ramie fiber hinder its application in communication composites. Herein, the microstructures of ramie fiber, including aggregation and micro/nanopores structures, were successfully manipulated by coupling physical fields (temperature and force fields) with the guidance of molecular simulation. Subsequently, a clear relationship between microstructure and dielectric/thermal management properties was established. Moreover, leveraging this relationship, the performance of RFRC was optimized through coupled physical fields. Specifically, the MWT of RFRC reaches an impressive 95.9 %, and the λ is enhanced by 140 % compared to that of D-GFRC. Importantly, RFRC waste can be completely transformed into functional particles, thereby achieving a closed-loop utilization. This research strategy offers valuable insights into the regulation of microstructures and the development of recyclable wave-transparent composites derived from industrial crops.

A Multimode Fusion-Based Aviation Communication System

This paper presents a new design for a multimode fusion communication system, aimed at tackling the complexities of modern aeronautical communication. The system integrates multiple communication technologies, such as ad hoc networking, 5G, BeiDou satellite, RTK positioning, and ADS-B broadcasting. This integration effectively solves the problem of increasing the size and weight of aviation communication equipment while also improving the efficiency and security of data communication. The study demonstrates that the implementation of this fusion communication system can lead to the development of more efficient and intelligent avionics equipment in the future, thereby offering robust technical support for flight safety.

A Study on the Impact of European Countries' Digital Economy Development on China's Export of Communication Equipment into Europe

On the basis of combing relevant literature, this paper collects policy and data information, analyzes the status of European digital economy development and the development process and export status of China's communication equipment, this paper finds two theoretical explanation mechanisms combining product life cycle theory and consumer demand theory, which proves the correlation between the development of European digital economy and the export of Chinese communication equipment to Europe.

Biological template hydrothermal synthesis of hollow La-doped one-dimensional CaMnO3 fibers and their enhanced microwave absorption performance

The advancement of military technology, 5G communication, and electronic equipment has increased the demand for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption materials. Calcium manganate (CaMnO3) is a commonly used dielectric absorber due to its excellent dielectric polarization effect. However, traditional ceramic materials like CaMnO3 have low conductivity, making it difficult to achieve impedance matching and electromagnetic loss simultaneously. In this work, to address this issue and create ideal wave-absorbing materials, one-dimensional La-doped CaMnO3 materials were synthesized using a simple biological template hydrothermal method. By studying the relationship between doping content and electromagnetic parameters, it was found that the La-doped CaMnO3 material exhibited excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −73.62 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 3.3 GHz in the X-band. The introduction of La elements, which have different electronegativities from Ca ions, altered the electron cloud distribution in the sample, leading to the formation of electric dipoles that disrupt charge distribution and dissipate electromagnetic waves. The dielectric loss in fibrous La-doped CaMnO3 is mainly due to interfacial polarization. The fibrous structure allows for increased contact area with the air medium, while the porous structure introduces air bubbles that alter the dielectric properties between the sample and the air medium. This not only enhances impedance characteristics to some extent but also triggers interfacial polarization. Both of these factors help improve the material's ability to absorb electromagnetic waves. The successful creation of this one-dimensional absorbing material opens up possibilities for developing new one-dimensional absorbing materials using a straightforward method.

The Importance of Ideological and Political Education in Vocational Engineering Majors and the Practice of the Course "Maintenance of Vehicle Wireless Communication Equipment"

Ideological and political education in vocational engineering courses is one of the important ways to cultivate students' comprehensive qualities, which plays an important role in promoting students' comprehensive development and enhancing their sense of social responsibility and mission. This paper takes the course "Maintenance of Vehicle Wireless Communication Equipment" as an example to explore the importance and practice of ideological and political education in this course. Through summarizing the teaching practice experience of this course, it is found that ideological and political education has a positive promoting effect on improving students' moral quality, professional literacy, innovation ability, and other aspects, and can effectively promote students' self-awareness and growth. Therefore, in vocational engineering courses, the role of ideological and political education should be emphasized, and its important role in curriculum teaching should be fully utilized.

Design of RF Communication Control Module Based on FPGA

As society enters the era of the information explosion, the amount of information consumed per day has increased almost exponentially. At the same time, the corresponding transmission quality has also become higher and higher. These increasing indicators have promoted the continuous improvement of the standards of the carrier medium. At this stage, the vigorous development of the wireless communication field has brought about the rapid development of wireless communication technology, and technologies such as LTE and 5G have followed. While communication equipment continues to develop to solve the problems caused by the increase in the amount of information, more problems are constantly emerging: the wide variety of communication equipment causes great troubles for later maintenance and management; the imbalance of hardware resource allocation causes Too much waste of resources; more communication interference seriously affects communication quality... and many other problems. Therefore, the research on high-efficiency and high-performance wireless communication technologies and wireless communication systems is of great significance.

Reliability Assessment Method Based on Small Sample Accelerated Life Test Data

Aiming at the problems of small sample size, few test failure data and low reliability evaluation efficiency in accelerated life test of high-reliability and long-life products, an improved virtual augmentation Bootstrap-Bayes reliability evaluation method based on small sample accelerated life test data was proposed. Firstly, the test data under various stress conditions are augmented by virtual fusion. Secondly, the empirical distribution function and bootstrap sampling method are improved, and the kernel density estimation method is used to fit the density distribution of test data as prior information. Then, the parameter estimates of the test data are obtained by Gibbs sampling combined with Bayes formula. Finally, the reliability index under normal stress level is obtained by accelerating model extrapolation. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by the accelerated life test data of a type of Ship communication equipment.

Micro-environment strategy for efficient cooling in telecommunication base stations

The cooling systems of telecommunication base stations (TBSs) primarily rely on room-level air conditioners. However, these systems often lead to problems such as messy airflow, hot spots, and excessive energy consumption. With the rapid development of 5G technology, the integration and power density of communication equipment continue to increase, exacerbating these problems. To address these issues, a micro-environment strategy has been developed. This strategy combines cabinet-level airflow components with unique multi-adjustable-vent air conditioners(MAVACs), which are suitable for the co-deployment of various high power density communication equipment with different airflow patterns in TBSs. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the cooling performance of the proposed MAVAC, and CFD simulation was carried out to investigate the temperature distribution and airflow patterns using a typical TBS in China that has implemented the micro-environment strategy. The results demonstrate that the micro-environment strategy effectively separates the cold air and hot air, preventing the occurrence of hot spots. The maximum return air temperature of MAVACs was found to be 38.6℃. Additionally, the energy efficiency ratio of the MAVAC system increases by approximately 20 % when the return air temperature is raised from 35℃ to 40℃. This study is expected to contribute to energy savings in TBSs and the successful construction of 5G networks.

Preparation of self-assembled graphene materials with assisted multi-structured TiO2: Internal three-phase heterojunction built by doping with Al3+

Conductive coatings provide electromagnetic shielding against interference and radiation from electromagnetic waves. This is critical for electronic devices, communications equipment, medical instruments, and other industries. In this paper, XRD and Raman proved that Al3+ doped anatase, rutile, and brookite coexisting mixed crystalline phase TiO2, which evolved into highly conductive powder materials after ultrasonically compounding graphene, are prepared by simply controlling the calcination temperature. Tauc spectra proved the three-phase heterojunction shortens the distance between the conduction and valence bands, and electron jumping becomes easy. XPS proves that with low-price Al3+, the high-price Ti4+ in the lattice will be replaced, forming oxygen vacancies. A fast charge transfer pathway (Al–O–C) is established between Al3+ and graphene, and the synergistic effect of the two greatly reduces the resistivity. Four-probe test material resistance learned the resistivity of TAl-G is 57 % lower than that of T-G. At the same time, the excellent electrical conductivity of the TAl-G composite makes it suitable for practical applications in antistatic coatings, while the significantly shorter bandgap gives it great potential for photoelectrocatalysis.

Harvesting energy from a soldier's gait using the piezoelectric effect

Abstract There is an increasing dependence on electronic devices in the battlefield, including equipment for communications, positioning and navigation, and combat situation awareness. These devices are usually powered by batteries because they are reliable and have good power density (energy per kilogram). Nevertheless, batteries are heavy and bulky, which reduces agility and increases fatigue of the ground troops. An alternative is to extract energy from renewable sources (like the sun and the wind) or harvest energy from the human body itself (like temperature gradients and walking). This article studies the feasibility of a piezoelectric generator, stimulated by human gait, to power electronic devices on the battlefield. Tests were carried out to measure the energy harvested from several piezoelectric ceramics placed under the sole of a soldier’s boot. Different materials and arrangements were tried to maximize the power, leading to the development of a prototype. The prototype was able to harvest 875 μ J {\rm{\mu }}{\rm{J}} on each step, on average. Walking 1 h, at a pace of 40 steps/min, leads to 2.1 J of energy, enough to supply a 3.3 V device consuming 10 mA for around a minute. These results are interesting for any situation that requires emergency power on the battlefield (e.g., trigger a device, call for rescue, acquire localization).

Long-term path planning with optimal deployment of a charging station for monitoring photovoltaic solar farms

Quadrotor technology has become increasingly important in the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar farm monitoring, but short battery life is one of the primary factors limiting its further application. To address above issue, this study proposes a linear temporal logic (LTL)-based path planning algorithm that considers the need for charging together with multiple visits to PV equipments, a single visit to communication equipment, and the avoidance of restricted regions, which enables the long-term monitoring of PV solar farms. Particularly, the location of a charging station can be determined optimally and efficiently by a heuristic algorithm based on the nonlinear programming and branch and bound (NLP-BB) algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method effectively solves the long-term monitoring path planning problem that is coupled with the optimal deployment of the charging station.