Communication Equipment Industry Research Articles

The Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance in Aggressive Strategies - A Case Study of 3C Industry of Chinese Listed Companies

This paper selects the computer, communication, and other electronic equipment industry for the study from 2019 to 2021 to explore the impact of corporate governance performance on financial performance in the current period versus the next period under aggressive strategies. They are summarized as five research findings. The first is, good corporate governance performance has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of both the current and the future. Secondly, the greater the growth of company revenue has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of the current period, and the more stable the organizational structure of the company has a negative and significant impact on the financial performance of the current period. The joint effect of increasing the number of employees and better corporate governance will have a significant effect on the current year's financial performance; the joint effect of less capital-intensive and better corporate governance also has a positive and significant association with the current year's financial performance. The third is, the increase in the number of employees has a positive and significant effect on the current year's financial performance but does not have a significant effect on the following year's financial performance, however, the more the number of employees and better corporate governance. The forth is, the greater the expansion of the organization, the more it has a significant negative impact on the financial performance of both the current year and the following year, but with good corporate governance, the negative impact can be eliminated in the following year. The fifth is, the smaller the capital intensity, the less it has a significant impact on the financial performance of the current year, but if the capital intensity is small and the corporate governance is good, it has a significant impact on the financial performance of the current year. However, if the capital intensity is small and the corporate governance is good, it has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of the current year; the smaller the capital intensity, the negative and significant impact on the financial performance of the next year; but if the corporate governance is good, it will turn the negative and significant impact into a positive and significant impact. This paper also makes recommendations based on the findings of the study.

Analysis on the innovation efficiency of China's electronic and communication equipment industry

The development of electronic and communication equipment industry is the driving force of economic growth, and innovation is the basic motivation for the development of electronic and communication equipment industry. The evaluation of innovation efficiency of electronic and communication equipment industry (IEEC) is conducive to economic growth and better development of electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry. The existing researches mainly focus on the efficiency evaluation of high-tech industry, and there is few study on the IEEC. To fill the gap, based on DDF model and Global-Malmquist index, this paper estimates the IEEC in 20 provinces of China from 2009 to 2018. The results show that: (1) From the perspective of time dimension, China's IEEC shows an overall growth trend in the past decade from 2009 to 2018. (2) From the regional perspective, IEEC exists differences among regions. Under the meta-frontier and group frontier, the value of IEEC in the central region is higher than the value of IEEC in the eastern region and western region. (3) From the decomposition index, the growth of IEEC depends more on technological progress, rather than efficiency improvement. Combined with the above conclusions, some policy implications are proposed.

Attack and defense in patent-based competition: A new paradigm of strategic decision-making in the era of the fourth industrial revolution

The fourth industrial revolution, characterized by hyperautomation and hyperconnectivity, is accelerating the pace of innovation and rapidly reshaping the competitive landscapes of firms. Firms are increasingly competing to secure key resources, such as patents. Patent-based competition, e.g., patent litigation, is increasingly fierce and has been largely used as a strategic weapon against rivals. It is crucial to explore the conditions under which firms can improve their performance when taking action to address patent-based competition. We suggest that the effectiveness of different types of actions is contingent on technological diversification, open innovation, and network position. Using data from the U.S. communications equipment industry on patent infringement lawsuits, we find that firms pursuing attacks perform better. These positive effects are amplified when firms have a more diversified technological portfolio, whereas the adoption of outbound open innovation weakens the positive effects. Furthermore, although defenders are adversely affected when they are attacked, these negative effects are mitigated when firms can utilize inbound open innovation or operate in a less crowded environment. Our study contributes by extending the competitive dynamics literature to the context of patent-based competition.

Research on the impact of R&D investment on the international competitiveness of communication and electronic equipment industry in Hubei Province

R&D investment has always been one of the most active factors in the economic development of China’s manufacturing industry. Therefore, this paper analyzes the communication and electronic equipment industry in Hubei Province from all aspects of R&D investment, explores the competitive advantages in the development process of the industry, and looks for the future development direction of the industry in Hubei Province, so as to better complete the transformation and upgrading of the industry. Based on the current international competitiveness evaluation index system, the research on the development status of the communication and electronic equipment industry can be analyzed from the perspective of industrial international competitiveness. The industrial R&D investment is divided into three parts: personnel, capital and efficiency. R&D personnel investment and R&D capital investment have a positive impact on the international competitiveness of the industry, and R&D input-output efficiency has a positive impact on the international competitiveness of the industry There is a slight negative effect. It is pointed out that the future development direction of Hubei electronic technology industry in R&D investment should focus on personnel investment and capital investment.

Family Versus Institutional Involvement in Restructuring: Evidence From the Communications Equipment Industry

The prospect of restructuring can be seen as a mixed gamble that creates tensions between family owners and institutional investors in publicly traded firms. Both sides diverge in their reference points as family owners will pursue noneconomic goals, while institutional owners will pursue economic goals. We develop and test arguments to predict how resistance from family owners and support from institutional owners affect a firm’s restructuring. Using panel data from 1990 to 2004, the findings support our predictions and show that family owners can achieve both economic and noneconomic goals post-restructuring.

The Dynamic Effect of High-Tech Industries’ R&D Investment on Energy Consumption

High-tech industries are characterized by strong technology, low energy consumption, and low pollution. Among these high-tech industries, five sectors (pharmaceutical industry, aerospace industry, electronic and communication equipment industry, computer and office equipment industry, and medical equipment industry) are selected for our study; and R&D investment is an important support for the development of high-tech industries. How do research and development (R&D) investments affect energy consumption in high-tech industries? Are these effects all positive? What are the differences in the impacts for different types of high-tech sectors or in different regions? And why? To analyze these issues, state space mode is an appropriate method which presented a dynamic process, accurately estimating the parameters at each time nod. We used this model to analyze the impact of five high-tech sectors’ research and development (R&D) investments on energy consumption in the four regions of China from 1998 to 2016. Some conclusions are drawn from the research: (1) Pharmaceutical industry has a negative influence on energy consumption in all regions. Compared with other types of high-tech industries, the pharmaceutical industry consumes a higher degree of energy. (2) In the east, middle, and northeast of China, a gap remains between scientific research and production due to the lack of high-tech personnel in the aerospace industry, which lead to a weak effects on energy consumption in these regions (3) For the electronic and communication equipment industry and computer and office equipment industry, the continuous inflow of funds and talent has led to greater competition pressure and excess production capacity in some developed areas. This accounts for the fact that the two industries’ R&D investment is beneficial to the reduction of energy consumption in the western regions. (4) The densely populated eastern region has a large demand for health services, leading to an increased demand for medical equipment. That is why the R&D of medical equipment industry have significantly reduced the energy consumption in the east regions than in the other regions.

Identification of Core Technology of Digital SPC Exchange and Intelligentialize Prospect of Electronic Communication Equipment Industry

digital SPC switch belongs to the communication system equipment manufacturing class and belongs to the high-tech industry. Mastering the core technology of digital SPC switch is related to communication security and national information security. HuaWei has already mastered the core technology of digital SPC switch, and on this basis has accumulated the core technology capability to develop intelligently. In this paper, patent data is used to analyze the patent family of digital SPC switches at home and abroad, and based on this analysis and identification of core technologies, and finally, the intelligent development direction of the industry is predicted.

Pawn to Save a Chariot, or Drawbridge Into the Fort? Firms' Disclosure During Standard Setting and Complementary Technologies Within Ecosystems

Research summary: Within an ecosystem, standard setting coordinates development of complementary technologies across firms. But each firm can itself own multiple of these complementary technologies. We study how a firm's own complementary technologies influence its disclosure inclination during standard setting. We identify a tradeoff: disclosure increases value-creation of the firm's non-disclosed complementary technologies, but also heightens expropriation risk. Using data on the U.S. communications equipment industry 1991–2008, we show that the firm's complementary technologies increase its disclosure inclination when its technological areas are less crowded, but decrease such inclination when there are SSO members with strong expropriation abilities. Findings stress that disclosure involves but a piece of the firm's portfolio; a systemic perspective of the entire portfolio provides a more comprehensive picture of value-creation during standard setting. Managerial summary: Why should a firm disclose its key technology to participate in standard setting within an ecosystem? We urge managers to think beyond “disclosing to ensure compatibility with other firms' complementary technologies within the ecosystem” as a motivation, to also consider how disclosure affects the firm's own complementary technologies within its portfolio. Disclosure in one technological area makes the firm's nondisclosed complementary technologies in other areas more valuable to itself, especially with fewer rivals competing in these other areas. But disclosure also renders the firm susceptible to losing these complementary technologies to rivals, especially when rivals have strong expropriation abilities. Analyzing disclosure decisions by communication equipment firms, we show that this tradeoff is indeed a relevant consideration in managers' strategic calculations when participating in standard setting. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Unionisation and Firm Performance in China’s Manufacturing Industries

Using firm level data, this paper examines the link between unionisation and firm performance in China’s manufacturing industries. The empirical results suggest that unionisation has not greatly benefitted workers in China’s textile industry but it has contributed to much larger increase in average wages in both domestic and foreign invested firms in communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry. In the case of the general equipment manufacturing industry, unionised domestic firms pay higher average wages but there is no link between unionisation and average wage in foreign invested firms.

Where Do Dominant Technologies Come From? The Role of Firms' Technological Scope under Uncertainty

In studying technological evolution, prior research focuses on how a firm adapts to dominant technologies, and suggests that technological scope enhances such adaptation. We shift the inquiry instead to how a firm creates dominant technologies, and suggest that a tradeoff exists between scope and specialization. When return to scope is salient, specifically, when there is greater interdependence between the firm’s technological areas, scope enhances the firm’s propensity of creating dominant technologies. Conversely, when return to specialization is salient, specifically, when rivals are actively innovating, scope (specialization) decreases (increases) such propensity. Using the “chop-shop” and matched pair techniques to isolate effects of scope and specialization, we find empirical evidence in the U.S. communications equipment industry 1996-2008. Through these findings, we stress that strategies for adapting to and creation of dominant technologies may not align, and remind that the origin of dominant technologies can be endogenous to the firm.

Why Put All Your Eggs in One Basket? A Competition-Based View of How Technological Uncertainty Affects a Firm’s Technological Specialization

Conventional wisdom suggests that when a firm faces technological uncertainty, it responds by becoming less technologically specialized so as to remain adaptable to subsequent resolution of this uncertainty. We adopt a competition-based view of technological uncertainty to identify an opposite effect in competitive settings: the firm may instead become more specialized when faced with greater technological uncertainty so as to focus on advancing its technologies against competition and influence the resolution of uncertainty in its favor over rivals. We propose that this effect is accentuated when the firm expects that it cannot easily adapt to rivals’ technologies subsequently, specifically when rivals are a greater deterrent through being litigious or innovative. Using U.S. government funding for fuel cell research as a policy shock, with stock option-implied volatilities to measure expected uncertainty, we find empirical support for our propositions among firms active in research and development in the U.S. communications equipment industry. Through these findings, we demonstrate that a competition-based view of uncertainty identifies an alternative path for the firm’s resource accumulation under uncertainty, and we stress that the resolution of uncertainty can be something the firm attempts to influence rather than adapt to.

Chicken, or the egg, or both? The interrelationship between a firm's inventor specialization and scope of technologies

Firms with different scope of technologies experience different firm growth. Understanding such heterogeneity requires knowing not only what drives technologies' scope but also why these drivers remain different across firms. I propose inventor specialization as a driver of technologies' scope: firms with more specialized inventors create narrower scope technologies. I also propose that these narrower scope technologies themselves in turn induce these firms' inventors to remain more specialized. I empirically demonstrate this two-way interrelationship in the U.S. communication equipment industry using policy shocks as natural experiments and a new measure of scope. This interrelationship has important implications for why resources and organization appear isomorphic within a firm but heterogeneous across firms

Patent indicators as output variables of DEA to evaluate the efficiency of the computer communication equipment industry in United States

This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and several statistical approaches to evaluate the efficiency of the computer communication equipment industry in the US from the perspective of patent performance. There are two output variables – patent counts and patent citations – and three input variables – total assets, R&D expenditures and employee productivity – in this study. The efficiency scores of the Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) models in this industry are 17.21% and 24.56%. Besides, this study finds out that there is ‘the advantage of firm size’ for patent performance, and demonstrates that R&D expenditures and employee productivity have positive effects on patent performance in this industry. Furthermore, this study applies cluster analysis to divide the sample into three groups named ‘Giant Enterprises’, ‘Indistinct Enterprises’ and ‘Ameba Enterprises’. This study points out that ‘Indistinct Enterprises’ have the worst efficiency, because ‘Giant Enterprises’ have the advantages of firm size, R&D resources and employee productivity and ‘Ameba Enterprises’ possess the advantage of flexibility, but ‘Indistinct Enterprises’ don’t have any advantage.

Internationalization Strategy of MNEs from Emerging Economies: The Case of Huawei

With the current rise of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies (EE), more attention is now being directed to EE MNEs and what drives the internationalization of these companies. In this article we aim to provide more insights into the strategies and development of EE MNEs by conducting an in‐depth study of a Chinese high‐tech company in the communications equipment industry: Huawei. Our case study proposes that EE MNEs (1) tend to nurture their capability in the domestic market as a base before internationalization; (2) prefer to enter markets with fewer barriers in cultural, technological, economic, and institutional distances to accumulate experience and move up the value curve; and (3) use inward and outward linkages to complement their strengths and offset their weaknesses in the global market. Our study on the internationalization patterns of EE MNEs enriches and broadens current MNE theory.

박판재 변형의 가열교정에서 가열면적의 영향

Use of sheet metal structure is increased in various fields such as automobile, aerospace and communication equipment industry. When this structure is welded, welding distortion is generated due to the non-uniformity of temperature distribution. Recently welding distortion becomes a matter of great importance in the structure manufacture industry because it deteriorates the product's quality by bringing about shape error. Accordingly many studies for solving the problems by controlling the welding distortion are being performed. However, it is difficult to remove all kinds of distortion by welding process, though various kinds of methods for reducing distortion are applied to production. Consequently, straightening process is operated if the high precision quality is requested after welding. The local heating method induces compression plastic deformation by thermal expansion in the heating stage and then leaves constriction of length direction in the cooling stage. Accordingly, in the case of sheet metal structure, straightening effect is expected by heating for the part of distortion. This study includes numerical analysis of straightening effect by the local heating method in distortion comes from production of welded sheet metal structure. Particularly straightening effect followed by dimensions of heating area is analyzed according to the numerical analysis. The numerical analysis is performed by constructing 3-dimensional finite element model for 0.4mm stainless steel-sheet metal. Results of this study confirm that straightening effect changes as heating area increases and the optimum value of heating area that proves the maximum straightening effect exists.

The seller's perspective on acquisition success: Empirical evidence from the communications equipment industry

This paper considers acquisition success from the seller's perspective and uses the seller's acquisition success criteria as an indication of their interpretation of the acquisition event. The argument is that sellers who use strategic and social criteria to appraise acquisition success interpret acquisitions as partnerships, while sellers who use financial criteria to appraise success interpret acquisitions as sales. Based on interview and survey data on the seller's perspective on acquisition success for 33 acquisitions in the communications equipment industry, we find that sellers use strategic and social criteria to appraise acquisition success and conclude that sellers interpret acquisitions as partnerships.

Efficient industrial technology policy, high government industrial R&D expenditure: does one require the other?

The purpose of this paper is to account for technological change in the Electronic Components and Communications Equipment (ECCE) industry. Taking the industry in the USA, Japan and the UK for a case study, government policies for the industry after 1981 are compared. Six types of policies are analysed that involve supply-push, demand-pull, institutional changes, technological trajectories and technological paradigms. It shows that to improve technological development in the industry, government industrial Research and Development (R&D) expenditure does not have to be large, but policies to affect the determinants of technological change to promote private R&D investments are needed.

Parallel Development? Productivity Growth Following Electrification and the ICT Revolution

This dissertation consists of four self-contained studies concentrating on the productivity development following major technological breakthroughs. All four studies are concerned with measurement issues of productivity. Three of the papers use a comparative historical perspective and primarily focus on some of the differences and similarities in productivity growth following each technological breakthrough. A fourth paper solely focuses on the ICT revolution and the problems associated with measuring productivity in the Swedish Radio, television and communication equipment (RTC) industry. Paper 1, Technological Breakthroughs and Productivity Growth (with Magnus Henrekson), examines productivity growth following three major technological breakthroughs: the steam power revolution, electrification and the ICT revolution. The distinction between sectors producing and sectors using the new technology is emphasized. A major finding for all breakthroughs is that there is a long lag from the time of the original invention until a substantial increase in the rate of productivity growth can be observed. There is also strong evidence of rapid price decreases for steam engines, electricity, electric motors and ICT products. However, there is no persuasive direct evidence that the steam engine producing industry and electric machinery had particularly high productivity growth rates. For the ICT revolution, the highest productivity growth rates are found in ICT-producing industries. It is argued that one explanation might be that hedonic price indexes are not used for the steam engine and the electric motor. Still, it is likely that the rate of technological development has been much more rapid during the ICT revolution as compared to any of the previous breakthroughs. In paper 2, Do Hedonic Price Indexes Change History? The Case of Electrification, I investigate whether hedonic price indexing would also have large effects on measured price and productivity during electrification. The hedonic methodology is used on historical data for electric motors in Sweden in 1900–35. The results show that PPI-deflated prices for electric motors decreased by 4.8 percent per year based on hedonic price indexes. This indicates that prices decreased considerably more for electric motors compared to total manufacturing. Annual labor productivity growth in Swedish electric machinery in 1919–29 becomes 12.1 percent if the hedonic deflators are used. Thus, there is strong evidence that productivity growth in the electric motor producing industry was very high during the 1920s. In contrast to Sweden, US annual labor productivity growth was only, according to current best estimates, 4.1 percent in electric machinery compared to 5.3 percent in manufacturing in 1919–29. However, hedonic price indexes were not used to calculate US productivity. Finally, it is shown that the price decreases for electric motors in the 1920s were not on par with the price decreases for ICT-equipment in the 1990s, even if hedonic indexing is used in both cases. Paper 3, Parallel Development? Productivity Growth Following Electrification and the ICT revolution, compares labor productivity growth and the contribution to labor productivity growth in Swedish manufacturing during electrification and the ICT revolution. The paper distinguishes between technology-producing, intensive and less intensive technology-using industries during these two technological breakthroughs. The results show that labor productivity growth and the overall contribution to labor productivity growth were considerably higher in technology-producing industries during the ICT revolution compared to electrification. For example, the relative contribution to labor productivity growth in manufacturing from the technology-producing industry was 3.4 percent in 1920–30 compared to 34.4 percent in 1993–2003. On the other hand, the relative contribution to aggregate labor productivity growth was considerably higher in intensive technology-using manufacturing industries during electrification. These findings have an important policy implication, namely that it is much more important how productivity is measured for ICT products in the 1990s than for electric motors in the 1920s. Paper 4, The Swedish ICT Miracle: Myth or Reality?, investigates productivity development in Sweden in the 1990s. The results show that much of the recorded Swedish surge in labor productivity was due to the spectacular growth of the Radio, television and communication equipment (RTC) industry. However, the productivity growth of the RTC industry is very sensitive to value added price deflators. Unlike Sweden, the US uses hedonic price indexes for semiconductors and microprocessors which are important intermediate inputs in the RTC industry. Estimates based on the US intermediate input price deflators for semiconductors and microprocessors suggest that the productivity growth of the Swedish RTC industry during the 1990s can be questioned. This implies that the productivity growth of total manufacturing has also been overestimated. The results for Sweden are also interesting for other countries such as Finland, Ireland and South Korea, where ICT-producing industries have contributed substantially to labor productivity growth

Technological knowledge and governance in alliances among competitors

This study examines how the governance form of an alliance enables partners to develop, transfer and protect knowledge in alliances. More integrative forms of control are expected when collaborations are exploratory in nature, when partners are moderately similar in technological knowledge and when industry rivalry increases. An empirical analysis of alliances, patent cross-citation rates and industry structure for 109 firms in the communications equipment industry over ten years offers support for the hypothesised effects. Support was found for a curvilinear relationship between the technological similarity of partners and the form of alliance governance. Results confirm that similarity in technology knowledge and industry rivalry influence alliance partners' choice of governance.

Industrial Research Institute's 7th Annual R&D Leaderboard

spending by the top 100 U.S. and non-U.S. investors in 2004. In 2003, U.S. industry saw a robust turnaround in spending, with a 5.4 percent increase by the top 100 investors over the previous year. This trend continues. Spending in 2004 by the top 100 U.S. companies increased from 2003 by 7.4 percent to $127 billion. Sales for these same companies increased by 12.4 percent and profits were up another 31.5 percent for the second year in a row! gains in expense represent a real increase, as the growth significantly outpaced inflation again in 2004 as it did in 2003. total spending by the top 100 companies shown in Table 1 represents more than two-thirds of all U.S. industry spending, which was about $187 billion in 2004. Microsoft, at the top of the list, spent $7,779 million on in 2004, moving it ahead of Ford which held that position for several years. In 2003, Microsoft was the sixth-largest spender behind Ford, Pfizer, General Motors, IBM, and Johnson and Johnson. However Microsoft's dramatic increase in rank is partly the result of a change in its accounting practices (see The FASB Directive, below). rank order of several other companies was also affected by this same change in accounting practice. Three of these-Google, Yahoo, and Symantec-are new additions to the Top 100. relative spending by the 91 companies that appear among the top 100 spenders for both 2003 and 2004 was only 6.4 percent. However, the nine new additions to the top 100 increased their spending by an average of 62.9 percent. One firm among this group, Biogen-Idec, reported a nearly 195 percent increase in spending, largely the result of Idec's acquisition of Biogen in late 2003. Seven of the nine new additions this year were from either the health care or Internet services industries, including the three noted above. increase in spending by U.S. industry in 2004 was broad-based, with 76 of the top 100 companies boosting their spending, compared with only 68 in 2003. Of the 24 companies decreasing spending, 11 were continuing their downward spiral from 2003 and earlier. Most of these were in the communications equipment, computer equipment and electronics industries. Among the top 100, the communications equipment industry was the only market segment to exhibit an overall decrease in spending. largest increases were in the biotech and software industries. Intensity Decreases Despite the overall increase in spending, R&D as measured by R&D expense as a percent of sales, for the top 100, decreased from 5.8 percent in 2003 to 5.6 percent in 2004. This was because sales increased by 12.4 percent, an even greater rate of increase than that of spending. intensity is higher for the top 10 companies (7.2 percent) than for the top 25 companies (7.0 percent) and the latter higher than the top 50 companies (5.7 percent) and that higher than the top 100. This trend continues with the intensity of the top 1,000 companies at 4.3 percent-a reasonable estimate of the intensity for all U.S. industry in 2004. More significant is the great variation in intensity by market segment, with the leaders by this standard being those in the health care, electronics and computer software industries. This same trend and variation is also found in the spending per employee, with the largest spenders as a group investing the greatest amount per company employee. top 10 companies spend nearly 50 percent more per employee than the average for the top 100. Companies in the biotech, pharmaceutical, electronics, computer hardware and software industries spend much more on per employee than companies in most other industries. Non-U.S. Leaderboard For the first time, we are presenting an Leaderboard composed of only non-U. …