Common Types Of Adenocarcinoma Research Articles

Statistical Analysis and Deep Learning Associated Modeling for Early stage Detection of Carinoma

The high death rate and overall complexity of the cancer epidemic is a global health crisis. Progress in cancer prediction based on gene expression has increased in light of the speedy advancement using modern high-throughput sequencing methods and a wide range of machine learning techniques, bringing insights into efficient and precise treatment decision-making. Therefore, it is of significant interest to create machine learning systems that accurately identify cancer patients and healthy people. Although several classification systems have been applied to cancer prediction, no single strategy has proven superior. This research shows how to apply deep learning to an optimization method that uses numerous machine learning models. Statistical analysis has helped us choose informative genes, and we've been feeding those to five different categorization models. The results from the five different classifiers are ensembled in the next step using a deep learning technique. The three most common types of adenocarcinoma are those of the lungs, stomach, and breasts. The suggested deep learning-based inter-ensembles model was tested with deep learning-based algorithms on Carcinoma data. The results of the tests show that relative to using only one set of classifiers or the simple consensus algorithm, it improves the precision of cancer prognosis in every analyzed carcinoma dataset. The suggested deep learning-based inter-ensemble approach is demonstrated to be reliable and efficient for cancer diagnosis by entirely using diverse classifiers.

Gastric mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) with pancreatic acinar differentiation: a case report

BackgroundGastric mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are infrequently encountered in routine practice. Some gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) have a variety of differentiation patterns; however, pancreatic acinar differentiation in gastric NECs is rare. The molecular abnormalities of NECs with pancreatic acinar differentiation are not well understood.Case presentationA 67-year-old male with a gastric MiNEN with pancreatic acinar differentiation without any symptoms. The tumor consisted of two components, including both glandular and solid histological features. Although the former component was a common type of adenocarcinoma, the latter showed endocrine differentiation and expressed pancreatic acinar enzymes immunohistochemically. A positive signal with the anti-BCL10 antibody, which detects one of the pancreatic acinar enzymes, was also present specifically in the latter component. We also examined TP53 genomic mutations, DNA methylation status, and allelic imbalance (AI), which is an indicator of tumor aggressiveness. Although both components of this tumor showed no genomic mutation and a low methylation epigenotype, the frequency of AI was higher in the acinar-endocrine component than in the adenocarcinomatous component. The finding of AI indicated the progression of the conventional adenocarcinoma to an acinar-endocrine component and identified the aggressive potential of the acinar-endocrine component.ConclusionsWe report a rare case of gastric MiNEN with pancreatic acinar differentiation. AI analysis revealed tumor progression and aggressiveness. In addition, the usefulness of the anti-BCL10 antibody for detecting the acinar-endocrine component was suggested.

Uterine cervical adenocarcinoma associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia: Radiologic-pathologic correlation.

We aimed to identify the radiologic features of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma associated with lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH). We retrospectively analyzed magnetic resonance (MR) images and pathologic findings of eight patients who underwent preoperative MR imaging followed by surgical resection and who were pathologically diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (except for adenocarcinoma in situ) associated with LEGH. We assessed the following MR findings: multicystic component (MC), solid component (SC), signal intensity of SC on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, and radiological stage (r-stage) based on the FIGO classification. A pathologist reevaluated the pathological stage (p-stage) according to the FIGO classification. We correlated the MR findings with the pathologic features. Eight patients were classified into the following three types based on the MR findings: type A, MC and SC; type B, only SC; and type C, only MC. In the five patients with type A, diffusion restriction (DR) was seen on DWI and the ADC map. In 80% of type A cases, the r-stage matched the p-stage. In the one patient with type B, DR was not seen on DWI or the ADC map, and the r-stage matched the p-stage. In the remaining type C cases, DR was not seen on DWI or the ADC map, and the r-stage was underestimated compared with the p-stage. On MR imaging, the most common type of adenocarcinoma with LEGH is type A; type C is difficult to diagnose as carcinoma.

Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma (Sna) - Experience of an Oncology Center

ABSTRACT Aim: Sinonasal cancer represent 3% of all head and neck cancers, with an annual European incidence of 1-2/100000. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent type, and adenocarcinoma accounts for 10-20%. The average age is 50-60 years (yrs), with male predominance. Occupational wood exposure is considered a risk factor. SNA grows silently which leads to a late diagnosis and low survival rates. Methods: 32-year (1981-2013) retrospective cohort analysis of all consecutive patients (pts) with histologically confirmed primary SNA, diagnosed/treated in our tertiary cancer centre. Medical records were reviewed. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier estimator and log-rank/Peto tests. Results: From 275 pts with sinonasal cancer, 31 were SNA. Patient median age was 70 yrs (49-108), 54.8% male. 38.7% had professional exposure to leather dust/wood/cork. Primary sites at diagnosis were: nasal cavity (48.4%), maxillary sinus (3.3%), ethmoid sinus (3.3%). Nasal obstruction (74.3%), epistaxis (45.2%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Most pts (54.8%) presented with stage III and stage IV disease at diagnosis and 45.2% with stage I/II. The Intestinal-Type SNA (ITAC) was the most common type of adenocarcinoma (61.3%) followed by tubulopapillary (22.6%). The median time between the first symptom and the definitive diagnosis was 5 months (0-39) and from the diagnosis to the initial treatment was 2 months (0-9). Surgery was the primary treatment in 77.4%. Adjuvant radiation was performed in 51.6% and chemotherapy in 3.3%. Recurrence was seen in 13 pts (41.9%): 28.7% recurred locally, 6.6% systemically, and 6.6% both. The median follow-up, overall survival (OS) and progression free-survival (PFS) were 3.5 yrs, 5.45 yrs and 3.41 yrs, respectively. Mucinous ITAC subtype had a dismal outcome (7/8 pts died), with a median OS and PFS of 4.76 yrs and 2.8 yrs, respectively. Stage I/II Stage III/IV p value OS 10.02 yrs 3.51 yrs 0.0179, log-rank PFS 4.14 yrs 2.27 yrs 0.0573, peto-test Conclusions: Our results suggest a tendency of SNA to late diagnosis and an occupational exposure as predisposing factor. In our series ITAC was the most frequent histological type and mucinous subtype tends to worse the outcome. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Signet ring carcinoma of ampulla of vater

Signet ring carcinoma is a common type of adenocarcinoma of stomach but its occurrence in ampulla of Vater is extremely rare. There are only a few previous reported cases of signet ring carcinoma of ampulla of Vater. Here we reported a 61-year-old woman with obstructive jaundice. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT scan) examination showed intra- and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Endoscopic examination with biopsies revealed a small-size mass in ampulla of Vater with diagnosis of signet ring carcinoma. On consequent pancreatoduodenectomy the tumor was diagnosed as T2N0M0, stage IB. Because of the specific site of signet ring carcinoma of ampulla of Vater, the tumor seems to present itself at an early stage of disease. We review in the literature to suggest our idea.

Elucidation of a protein signature discriminating six common types of adenocarcinoma

Pathologists are commonly facing the problem of attempting to identify the site of origin of a metastatic cancer when no primary tumor has been identified, yet few markers have been identified to date. Multitumor classifiers based on microarray based RNA expression have recently been described. Here we describe the first approximation of a tumor classifier based entirely on protein expression quantified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). The 2DE was used to analyze the proteomic expression pattern of 77 similarly appearing (using histomorphology) adenocarcinomas encompassing 6 types or sites of origin: ovary, colon, kidney, breast, lung and stomach. Discriminating sets of proteins were identified and used to train an artificial neural network (ANN). A leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) method was used to test the ability of the constructed network to predict the single held out sample from each iteration with a maximum predictive accuracy of 87% and an average predictive accuracy of 82% over the range of proteins chosen for its construction. These findings demonstrate the use of proteomics to construct a highly accurate ANN-based classifier for the detection of an individual tumor type, as well as distinguishing between 6 common tumor types in an unknown primary diagnosis setting.

転移巣の捺印細胞診で肝様腺癌の像を示した胃癌の１例

We report cytological features for an autopsy case of moderately differentiated gastric tubular adenocarcinoma showinghepatoid differentiation in metastatic lesions. At autopsy, imprint cytology of pulmonary metastases showed two different types of malignant cells; one arranged in an acinar pattern, suggesting features of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the other composed of cancer cells resembling cytological features of hepatocellular carcinoma. An accurate diagnosis ofhepatoid adenocarcinoma is very important because of the miserable prognosis, making the cytological findings from our present case useful in differentiating between hepatoid adenocarcinoma and common types of adenocarcinoma.

Assessment of differentiation in adenocarcinoma cells from pleural effusion by peripheral airway cell markers and their diagnostic values

Ultrastructural studies have shown that Clara cell-type is a more common type of adenocarcinoma than alveolar type II cell-type, and that both types may provide better prognosis than other types, indicating an importance of differentiation toward peripheral airway cells. Pulmonary surfactant protein (SP)-A is a specific marker for both alveolar type II cells and Clara cells in peripheral lung tissues, while SP-C and Clara cell 10 kD protein (CC10) may be particularly and highly specific to alveolar type II cells and Clara cells, respectively. The aims of this study were to assess the differentiation of adenocarcinoma cells in pleural effusions by evaluating the expression of these cell markers and to evaluate their values as diagnostic tools for judging the cause of pleural effusion. We examined pleural effusions from 52 patients; 20 with primary lung adenocarcinomas, 6 with small cell lung carcinomas, 11 with metastatic malignant tumors and 15 with non-neoplastic diseases. The cell pellets from effusions were subjected to immunocytochemical staining for SP-A, proSP-C, a precursor of SP-C, and CC10. By this immunocytochemical study for SP-A and proSP-C, 10 (50%) and 6 (30%) of 20 adenocarcinomas, respectively, showed a positive immunoreactivity in their effusion cells, while none of them expressed CC10. Alveolar type II cells therefore may be the main progenitor cells of some adenocarcinomas. In pleural effusions from patients with primary lung adenocarcinomas, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SP-A mRNA showed a sensitivity of 83%, while, in all remaining patients, these assays were negative. In conclusion, we demonstrated that lung adenocarcinomas, which are partially differentiated toward alveolar type II cells, are not as rare as previously thought, and that both the RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analyses for SP-A and pro-SP-C could be worthy indicators of differential diagnosis.

Intestinal epithelial lesions associated with signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon and small intestine

The purpose of this study was to investigate the epithelial lesions associated with signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the colon and small intestine and the possible mechanism of tumour development. Twenty-seven cases of adenocarcinoma with a signet ring cell (SRC) component of the colon and small intestine were divided into three groups depending on the association of the SRCC with: (1) epithelium without definite epithelial dysplasia, (2) adenoma, and (3) common type of adenocarcinoma (CTCA) with SRCC component occupying more than 50%, 30%, or less than 30% of the tumour. Most carcinomas were of T3 or T4 type, using the TNM standard staging system. The SRCC component was histopathologically similar in all groups. In group 1 (four cases, linitis plastica type), the overlying epithelium was normal or showed indefinite epithelial dysplasia and occasionally contained intra-epithelial SRCs. In groups 2 and 3 (two and 21 cases, respectively), seven cases contained multiple foci of intra-epithelial SRCs in areas separated from the invasive carcinoma. Transitional areas between SRCC and adenoma or CTCA were also identified. Immunostaining for p53 showed a varied extent of positive reactivity in 23 SRCC. The degree and the extent of reactivity appeared to increase with the stage of the carcinoma. Most intra-epithelial SRCs were immunoreactive for p53. Linitis plastica SRCC was associated with extensive p53 reactivity of the 'atypical' and the adjacent 'normal' epithelium. SRCC may arise from either CTCA, adenoma, 'atypical' epithelium or a combination of these epithelia. SRCC accounts for the bulk of carcinoma in each of these categories. In linitis plastica SRCC, positive reactivity for p53 is extensive in the adjacent 'normal' colonic epithelium and extends as far as 3cm from the microscopically identified SRCC margin.

Reactivity of b72.3 with adenocarcinomas. An immunohistochemical study of 476 cases

The monoclonal antibody B72.3 has been shown to react with several common types of adenocarcinoma. However, the distribution of B72.3 reactivity in adenocarcinomas has not been well-enough defined to determine whether B72.3 immunostaining would be helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Formaldehyde fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 476 adenocarcinomas from a variety of primary sites were studied using B72.3 and an avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical technique. B72.3 immunoreactivity was seen in 75-100% of the adenocarcinomas from the ovary, endocervix, endometrium, distal esophagus/stomach, colon, lung, breast, prostate, pancreas, and bile ducts. Positive reactions were unusual in thyroid carcinomas (7%) and renal cell carcinomas (11%). B72.3 reactivity was not seen in the 20 hepatocellular carcinomas or 4 adrenal cortical carcinomas studied. B72.3 reacts with a wide variety of adenocarcinomas. Immunostaining with B72.3 may be helpful in excluding hepatocellular carcinoma in certain clinical settings.