Common Structural Model Research Articles

TERM FORMATION IN THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FIELD “CHEMICAL ENGINEERING” IN MODERN ENGLISH: STRUCTURAL AND DERIVATIONAL ASPECTS

Background. In modern linguistics, research is being carried out on the methods of term formation in the lexical-semantic fields of various spheres of human activity. The purpose of the article is to study term formation in modern English in the lexical-semantic field “chemical engineering” based on structural and derivational aspects. The structural aspect means component analysis, which allows us to identify the number of special lexical units in a terminological combination. Materials and methods. A sample of special lexical units (363) from English-language articles in the chemical industry is presented as material for the study. Descriptive, structural, typological, as well as the method of component analysis were used to study the material. Results. The most common and less common structural models have been identified based on the partial compatibility of components, as well as the lexical length of special lexical units, i.e. the number of components in a terminological combination. The morphological features of special lexical units have been determined. Analysis of grammatical derivation allowed us to identify linear models, including affixation and compounding, as well as non-linear models represented by abbreviations, for example, abbreviations, combinations with abbreviations, nomenclature units, combinations with nomenclature units and word mergers with truncation of word stems. The semantic aspect of the analysis of special lexical units allowed us to identify a few anthroponyms, as well as units with internal predication. Scope of application of the results. The results of the study can be used for further research on term formation in lexical-semantic fields.

Sensitivity of GNSS‐Derived Estimates of Terrestrial Water Storage to Assumed Earth Structure

AbstractGeodetic methods can monitor changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) across large regions in near real‐time. Here, we investigate the effect of assumed Earth structure on TWS estimates derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) displacement time series. Through a series of synthetic tests, we systematically explore how the spatial wavelength of water load affects the error of TWS estimates. Large loads (e.g., >1,000 km) are well recovered regardless of the assumed Earth model. For small loads (e.g., <10 km), however, errors can exceed 75% when an incorrect model for the Earth is chosen. As a case study, we consider the sensitivity of seasonal TWS estimates within mountainous watersheds of the western U.S., finding estimates that differ by over 13% for a collection of common global and regional structural models. Errors in the recovered water load generally scale with the total weight of the load; thus, long‐term changes in storage can produce significant uplift (subsidence), enhancing errors. We demonstrate that regions experiencing systematic and large‐scale variations in water storage, such as the Greenland ice sheet, exhibit significant differences in predicted displacement (over 20 mm) depending on the choice of Earth model. Since the discrepancies exceed GNSS observational precision, an appropriate Earth model must be adopted when inverting GNSS observations for mass changes in these regions. Furthermore, regions with large‐scale mass changes that can be quantified using independent data (e.g., altimetry, gravity) present opportunities to use geodetic observations to refine structural properties of seismologically derived models for the Earth's interior structure.

Dictum-modus pluralism in virtual dialogic discourse (based on Internet comments)

The article explores the dictum and modus content of the virtual dialogue, formed by news published on the Internet and comments by the discussion participants. The problematics of the study is determined by the contradiction between the uniqueness of the content plane for the news publication as the embodiment of the author’s intention and the dictum-modus pluralism expressed in the comments of the participants in the Internet discussion. The study involves 155 comments of internet discussion to the news “What will the Russian soldiers die in Kazakhstan for?” posted on the maxpark portal. The Internet discussion of political news establishes the role of the categories of the expected and the conflict of interpretations that influence the dictum-modus content of the dialogue. While researching a virtual dialogue, we revealed two types of text space organization: syntagmatic and paradigmatic, which set up the undulating and radial principles of virtual dialogue development. The syntagmatic structure of the dialogue is manifested when the latter develops from a specific topic stated in the publication to related ones, then to global ones, which determines its multidimensional and polymodal development. The paradigmatic dynamics of the virtual dialogue is determined by the multi-vector nature of the topics discussed. The analysis of comments discovered two models of their interaction: linear-chain and parallel. The linear-chain model determines the development of a dialogue in accordance with centrifugal tendencies, expanding its dictummodus space. The parallel model ensures the development of a dialogue in accordance with centripetal tendencies; it is implemented according to the principle of a common structural model and the same mode, providing the stabilization and dictum-modus integrity of the virtual dialogue. The theory of Internet dialogue developed in the article, the explanatory potential of the categories of the expected and the conflict of interpretations can be used in the analysis and forecasts of the mental state of the society.

Parent-Child Sexual Communication Frequency and Adolescent Disclosure to Mothers About Sexuality: The Moderating Role of Open Communication in a Common Fate Structural Equation Model

ABSTRACT Although frequent and open parent–child sexual communication (PCSC) has been shown to yield positive effects on adolescent sexual health outcomes, most PCSC is one-sided and parent dominated rather than ideal communication characterized by openness. Adolescent children’s disclosure of sexual feelings and behaviors to parents can prompt parent–child sexual communication (PCSC) and help parents tailor PCSC to children’s needs, increasing the effectiveness of PCSC in promoting positive sexual outcomes. However, very little work has been done exploring correlates of adolescent disclosure about sexuality. Thus, the current study explored the associations between frequent PCSC and child disclosure and secret keeping, and whether open PCSC moderated the relationships. The sample included 603 mother–child dyads from the United States. Adolescent children were 12–17 years old (M = 14.55, SD = 1.68), White (55.6%) and cisgender female (49.8%). A common-fate SEM model revealed that PCSC frequency was positively associated with adolescent disclosure and adolescent secret keeping. However, when PCSC was open, PCSC frequency was associated with a decrease in adolescent secret keeping and an increase in adolescent disclosure. We discuss the importance of encouraging both open and frequent PCSC, as their interaction is related to increased adolescent disclosure and less adolescent secret keeping.

The Relationship Between Physical Exercise and Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency of University Students in China: A Moderated Mediation Model.

This study aims to explore the relationship between physical exercise (PE), self-control (SC), physical exercise atmosphere (PEA), and mobile phone addiction tendency (MPAT) among Chinese university students. Through the quota sampling, 1,433 students complied with the requirements were surveyed from 10 universities in China. PE, SC, PEA, and MPAT were assessed using standard scales. For data analysis, common method deviation test, mean number, standard deviation, correlation analysis and structural equation model analysis were carried out in turn. The results showed PE and MPAT were negatively related (r = –0.158, p < 0.05); PE significantly positively predicted SC (β = 0.082, t = 3.748, p < 0.01), and SC significantly negatively predicted MPAT (β = –0.743, t = –19.929, p < 0.01). Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect of SC. The results showed that 95% confidence interval did not include 0. After adding the mediating variable of SC, PE did not significantly negatively predict the tendency of MPAT (β = –0.027, t = –1.257, p > 0.05). The interaction item PEA and SC could significantly positively predict the tendency of MPAT (β = 0.165, t = 2.545, p < 0.05). In the high PEA group, SC had a significant negative predictive effect on the tendency of MPAT (β = –0.665, t = –14.408, p < 0.01); However, in the low PEA group, the negative predictive effect was stronger (β = –0.834, t = –15.015, p < 0.01). The present study shows that PE significantly negatively predicted the tendency of MPAT, and SC played a complete mediating role in the relationship between PE and MPAT; The second half of the indirect effect of PE and MPAT was regulated by the PEA. The PEA will enhance the influence of SC on MPAT, but the high PEA will increase the level of MPAT of individuals at a very high level of SC.

Speleonymia Slovenského rudohoria z pohľadu teórie modelovania

The article presents model analysis of non-standardized names of caves and chasms of the Slovenské rudohorie mountains which follows the model analysis of anoikonyms by Jana Pleskalová, as well as the work devoted to modelling of Slovak hydronymy. The model analysis pointed out the dominance of the relational model C which expresses “properties, symptoms (and circumstances)” and the relational model A which is associated with the expression of “position, the location of underground object in the field”. The most common structural model in the given relational models is the two-member ADd+S, consisting of a derivative adjective and a noun such as Jelšavská jaskyňa, Gajdova štôlňa. Relational models (VM) referring to possessivity (VM D), especially to the immediate expression of the type of object (VM B), only have a marginal position in the proposed model analysis.

Predicting insurance demand from risk attitudes

AbstractCan measured risk attitudes and associated structural models predict insurance demand? In an experiment (n = 1730), we elicit measures of utility curvature, probability weighting, loss aversion, and preference for certainty and use them to parameterize seventeen common structural models (e.g., expected utility, cumulative prospect theory). Subjects also make 12 insurance choices over different loss probabilities and prices. The insurance choices show coherence and some correlation with various risk‐attitude measures. Yet all the structural models predict insurance poorly, often less accurately than random predictions. This is because established structural models predict opposite reactions to probability changes and more sensitivity to prices than people display. Approaches that temper the price responsiveness of structural models show more promise for predicting insurance choices across different conditions.

Simultaneous SAXS/SANS Method at D22 of ILL: Instrument Upgrade

A customized portable SAXS instrument has recently been constructed, installed, and tested at the D22 SANS instrument at ILL. Technical characteristics of this newly established plug-and-play SAXS system have recently been reported (J. Appl. Cryst. 2020, 53, 722). An optimized lead shielding arrangement on the SAXS system and a double energy threshold X-ray detector have been further implemented to substantially suppress the unavoidable high-energy gamma radiation background on the X-ray detector. The performance of the upgraded SAXS instrument has been examined systematically by determining background suppression factors (SFs) at various experimental conditions, including different neutron beam collimation lengths and X-ray sample-to-detector distances (SDDX-ray). Improved signal-to-noise ratio SAXS data enables combined SAXS and SANS measurements for all possible experimental conditions at the D22 instrument. Both SAXS and SANS data from the same sample volume can be fitted simultaneously using a common structural model, allowing unambiguous interpretation of the scattering data. Importantly, advanced in situ/real time investigations are possible, where both the SAXS and the SANS data can reveal time-resolved complementary nanoscale structural information.

The Comparative Study between the Metamorphosis and Cu Zhi in the Strange Tales of Liao Zhai

Deformation is an ancient and typical literary topic, which has been a common plot unit and structural model of the story. At present, many scholars at home and abroad have realized uniqueness of deformation stories, tries to interpret and compare them from different perspectives, to discover the deep implication of the stories. Based on the previous researches, this thesis will focus on the connotation of the traditional deformation stories, in line of the plots, writers, themes and effects, to discuss the representative of the Chinese and Western deformation stories, which are Cu Zhi in the Strange Tales of Liao Zhai by Pu Sonling and the Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, to explore the differences and similarities between these two stories.

Ontologies as the most complex knowledge organization systems

This article is intended to clarify, for those who are not familiar yet with them, the commonalities and specificities of knowledge organization systems (KOS) on the one hand and ontologies on the other, considering their common structural model and their shared purpose as tools assisting in the organization and retrieval of information. In other words its aim is to define what is common and what separates knowledge organization systems from ontologies and why converting former KOSs into ontologies is preferred. In the end interoperability issues are discussed.

Hull Girder Ultimate Strength Assessment Considering Local Corrosion

The residual strength capacity of ship hull with full corrosion appearance in every structural member has been considered in a large number of research works; however, the influence of local corrosion on the ultimate strength and cross-section properties has not been taken into account and analyzed. Hence, this study aims to assess the effect of corrosion appearance in the flange section and web section on the ultimate vertical bending moment and several cross-section properties of a bulk carrier. To perform this task, a probabilistic corrosion rate estimation model and the common structural rule model are introduced and employed. The incremental-iterative method given by the International Association of Classification Societies-Common Structural Rules (IACS-CSR) is applied to determine the ultimate vertical bending moment, neutral axis position at the limit state, and other properties of the cross-section. The calculation results and discussions relative to the effect of corrosion on ship hull are presented.

Research on Risk Management of Agricultural Products Supply Chain Based on Blockchain Technology

As the basic necessity of national life, agricultural products have become the basic elements of economic and social development. Because of the complexity and uncertainty of the internal and external environment, the supply chain of agricultural products has various risks, such as vulnerability and instability in the system structure. This paper analyzes the common structural model and risk factors of agricultural product supply chain, discusses the main factors of agricultural product supply chain risk factors, and combines the characteristics of decentralization and information encryption of block chain technology with the governance of each node of agricultural product supply chain. This paper puts forward the optimal analysis of agricultural product supply chain model construction and related node risk management under block chain technology.

Dynamic Response and Vibration Isolation Analysis of Very Large Floating Building under Wave Action

Taking the buildings above the very large floating structures as research object, the finite element software ANSYS/AQWA was used to carry out hydrodynamic analysis of the single module very large floating structure, and the motion response parameters were obtained. A common multi-layer steel frame structure model and a multi-layer steel frame structure model with three-dimensional vibration isolation bearings were established by using SAP2000, and dynamic time history analysis was carried out for these two steel frame building models. Studies have shown that the motion response of the very large floating structures under the action of waves can not be ignored for the upper building. After the vibration isolation bearing is added to the floating buildings, the natural vibration period of the upper steel frame structure is significantly extended, the inter-layer shear force is slightly reduced, and the inter-layer shear force, interlayer displacement and floor acceleration are increased. Compared with the installation of vibration isolation bearings for land buildings, the vibration isolation of offshore floating buildings is not effective.

Evaluating the accuracy of common γ-Al2O3 structure models by selected area electron diffraction from high-quality crystalline γ-Al2O3

Single crystal and textured polycrystalline γ-Al2O3 thin films were synthesized by oxidation of NiAl(110) in air at 850 °C for 1 and 2 h, respectively, and used to evaluate the accuracy of two spinel-based and two nonspinel models by comparison of selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The lattice interplanar distances derived from the polycrystalline SAED pattern most closely matched the cubic spinel γ-Al2O3 model. The single-crystal SAED spot pattern showed symmetry consistent with both the cubic spinel and tetragonal nonspinel models, however, the Al cation distribution better matched the cubic spinel model based on the relative intensities of diffraction spots. Our work indicates that the traditional cubic spinel model is a more accurate model of γ-Al2O3 than the other models considered. The spinel-based monoclinic model is also more accurate than the monoclinic nonspinel model. The understanding of the relative accuracy of the different models is key for simulating γ-Al2O3 containing systems and is of general interest for the metal oxide and ceramic communities.

Проблемні аспекти перекладу багатокомпонентних кластерів англійської аграрної термінології

Abstract . Due to the process of globalization and international cooperation, there is an increased interest of Ukrainian linguists, translators, and specialists of various branches of science and technology to the study of structural and semantic peculiarities of English and Ukrainian agricultural multicomponent terms and their translation. Term is a word or phrase used to describe a thing or to express a concept, especially in a particular kind of language or branch of study. It is a word or phrase that means clearly defined concept of a special science, technology, art, social life, etc. The specific meaning of the defined term can be understood only through the context. The term is usually characterized by its consistency, availability of the definition, monosemy, stylistic neutrality, lack of imagery, emotional colouring, etc. The article deals with the study of the main features of multicomponent terms, their translation peculiarities, in particular the contradictory nature of this concept in the process of English agricultural terminology translation. The main features of terminology as a special layer of the linguistic dictionary are characterized and analyzed taking into account the specificity of multicomponent terminology, which makes the translation process rather complicated. The work states that a multicomponent, semantically integral combination formed by means of two, three or more elements is a terminological unity that forms an integral concept. It is determined that multicomponent terms complicate the translation process, because complex logical-semantic subordination of the components of the term-phrase can lead to the loss of the semantic integrity of the concept. Each additional component of the terminological model complements the meaning of the concept, and thus complicates the process of formation of a holistic concept to denote a multicomponent term. The article highlights some tendencies of the formation of multi-word combinations in agricultural terminology. The most common structural models of multicomponent terms are revealed, structural and semantic peculiarities of multi-component terms are analyzed.

A New Method for Measuring Topological Structure Similarity between Complex Trajectories

We proposed a new framework to measure the similarity of topological structure between complex trajectories. There are three steps in the framework. A complex trajectory is first represented by a graph structure which consists of nodes and edges. Secondly, we developed a Comprehensive Structure Matching (CSM) algorithm to identify all common structures between the complex trajectories of interest. Thirdly, we used the Jaccard similarity coefficient to evaluate the similarity between two complex trajectories. We used synthetic graph data to evaluate the CSM method and examine its performance by comparing against that of the VF2 and the exact graph edit distance (EGED) algorithms. Results show that the CSM algorithm outperforms the EGED in terms of the computation efficiency. The CSM is more comprehensive than the VF2 algorithm as it further considers the partial isomorphism. We used the CSM algorithm to examine the 1993 to 2012 complex trajectories of anticyclonic eddies in the South China Sea (SCS). The CSM successfully found the complex trajectories that are similar to a thoroughly-studied ACE3 trajectory in the SCS. From the similar trajectories, we identified a dominant migrating path of the ocean eddies in the northern SCS. The CSM also successfully identified some new complex trajectories that propagated across the 18°N parallel in the SCS, which were not reported before. It also further identified multiple common structure models of the complex trajectories. These findings help us better understand the behaviors and the evolution of the mesoscale eddies in the SCS.

Assessing safety climate in prehospital settings: testing psychometric properties of a common structural model in a cross-sectional and prospective study

BackgroundLittle research exists on patient safety climate in the prehospital context. The purpose of this article is to test and validate a safety climate measurement model for the prehospital environment, and to explore and develop a theoretical model measuring associations between safety climate factors and the outcome variable transitions and handoffs.MethodsA web-based survey design was utilized. An adjusted short version of the instrument Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) was developed into a hypothetical structural model. Three samples were obtained. Two from air ambulance workers in 2012 and 2016, with respectively 83 and 55% response rate, and the third from the ground ambulance workers in 2016, with 26% response rate. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to test validity and psychometric properties. Internal consistency was estimated and descriptive data analysis was performed. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to assess the theoretical model developed for the prehospital setting.ResultsA post-hoc modified instrument consisting of six dimensions and 17 items provided overall acceptable psychometric properties for all samples, i.e. acceptable Chronbach’s alphas (.68–.86) and construct validity (model fit values: SRMR; .026–.056, TLI; .95–.98, RMSEA; .031–.052, CFI; .96–.98). A common structural model could also be established.ConclusionsThe results provided a validated instrument, the Prehospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture short version (PreHSOPSC-S), for measuring patient safety climate in a prehospital context. We also demonstrated a positive relation between safety climate dimensions from leadership to unit level, from unit to individual level, and from individual level on the outcome dimension related to transitions and handoffs. Safe patient transitions and handoffs are considered an important outcome of prehospital deliveries; hence, new theory and a validated model will constitute an important contribution to the prehospital safety climate research.

A data framework for environmental assessment of metal arc welding processes and welded structures during the design phase

Welding is a widely used technology that allows the joining of thick metal plates for the development of large structures (e.g. piping, tanks, vessels). Many industries are intensively using welding for manufacturing and assembly activities. Sustainability assessment of welded structures is currently performed with misleading information in terms of data heterogeneity (nature) and quality (source). The data required to carry out a robust environmental analysis are spread among different documents and become available only when the project is finalized. This paper aims to define a data framework for a life cycle inventory of metal arc welding processes to preventively assess the environmental performances of different processes for comparison and decision-making analysis. The framework is presented as innovative solutions for life cycle inventory that provide (i) a common data structure (model), (ii) necessary data (input/output), and (iii) physical allocation/placement of data (project design documents). This study was performed in accordance with the international standard organization ISO 14040/14044 by using an attributional life cycle assessment (aLCA). Two structures (an oil and gas riser and a ship hull) were investigated considering the same functional unit: the manufacturing, use, and disposal of a welded structure able to guarantee the engineering requirements (according to a specific standard) in terms of strain, stress, and corrosion allowance over the expected lifetime of 20 years. In both cases, the share of welding process in respect to an overall product/structure life cycle impact assessment is strictly dependant on the project design choice and can be negligible for high-corrosion-resistance materials (e.g., Inconel alloy). On the other hand, the use of traditional metals (e.g., carbon steel) allows a large decrease of the environmental load, and the influence of the welding process becomes significant in a life cycle perspective.

Analysis of the Efficiency of Composite Supports in Electric Networks of the Republic of Belarus

Modern conditions for the development of the electric power industry increase the requirements in the field of technical conditions and reliability; thus, in a number of Western countries electric networks are being restructured on the basis of safe, environmentally friendly and reliable composite supports. The article analyzes the structure, design and methods of construction of overhead power lines with composite supports that are more promising than traditional ones. The properties, main characteristics and advantages of materials for the production supports of fiberglass and of wood are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of composite and wooden racks are compared and it is shown that most of the requirements for the supports of overhead power lines are met by composite supports. It is discovered that the existing and promising solutions that enable effective use of composite supports in the construction of an overhead line are quite diverse. Currently, in the electrical networks of Western countries, the most common structural model of the construction of an overhead line is the one the one that alternates composite and wooden supports in a certain sequence. The best option of the use of composite supports along with wood ones is the following ratio: four composite supports to one wooden one (method of construction “4/1”). The advantages of this method of construction of the power line are presented, viz. a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the structure of supports and wires as well as the safety of their maintenance. The results of technical and economic calculation that confirm the advantage of constructing a 10 kV distribution line according to the “4/1” scheme are presented. The implementation of composite supports in the electric networks of the Republic of Belarus in the long term will allow obtaining a tangible financial effect by reducing the cost of operation of the overhead line and because of a significant period of operation of composite racks, which is an undoubted advantage in conditions of the modern market economy.

Predicting Insurance Demand from Risk Attitudes

Can measured risk attitudes and associated structural models predict insurance demand? In an experiment (n = 1,730), we elicit measures of utility curvature, probability weighting, loss aversion, and preference for certainty and use them to parameterize seventeen common structural models (e.g., expected utility, cumulative prospect theory). Subjects also make twelve insurance choices over different loss probabilities and prices. The insurance choices show coherence and some correlation with various risk-attitude measures. Yet all the structural models predict insurance poorly, often less accurately than random predictions. Simpler prediction heuristics show more promise for predicting insurance choices across different conditions. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.