Common Site Of Injury Research Articles

Head, face and neck injury patterns for electric scooter accidents identified on computed tomography scanning: Does legislative change enforcing safer riding practices have an impact on morbidity for significant head, face and neck trauma?

The purpose of this study is to review whether legislative change enforcing safer riding conditions for Electric Scooters (E-Scooter), regardless of other factors, had an impact on reducing significant head, facial and neck trauma. Additionally, to identify the radiological injury patterns for head, face and neck injuries identified on CT imaging for a patient's initial presentation to the emergency department (ED) resulting from an E-Scooter accident. A retrospective single-centre observational study at a metropolitan tertiary ED of patients presenting after an E-Scooter accident comparing 6 months before and after legislative change. Four hundred and forty-three patients presented following an E-Scooter accident: 191 patients 6 months before and 252 patients 6 months after legislative change. One hundred and sixty-two patients pre- and 217 patients post-legislative change had negative CT studies. Twenty-nine patients pre- and 35 patients post-legislative change had CT studies demonstrating significant head, face or neck trauma. The most common type of intracranial bleeding was subarachnoid haemorrhage followed by subdural haemorrhage with a significant proportion (41%) presenting with multi-factorial intracranial bleeding. There was no specific injury pattern involving the cranial vault or cervical spine. Of the patients presenting with a significant injury, facial bones were the most common injury site (84% (n = 54)). The most common site of facial fractures was the nasal bones followed by dental trauma and maxillary fractures. This single-centre, retrospective observational study has shown no reduction in serious head, neck and facial injuries. Large-scale, multicentre studies will need to be undertaken to understand the true impact of legislative change.

Relationship of Physical Factors to the Occurrence of Injuries in Young Gymnasts.

There is a large population of young athletes who participate in gymnastics, and the prevention of injury in junior athletes is considered important. However, few studies have prospectively investigated the relationship between physical factors and the occurrence of injury. To investigate the physical characteristics that are factors in the injury occurrence in elementary and junior high school gymnasts. Prospective observational study. A total of 36 healthy young gymnasts (at national competition level) were enrolled in the study. Once a week for 23 weeks, injuries were prospectively investigated using self-report questionnaires under the supervision of a research staff. Joint range of motion (hip, ankle, shoulder, and wrist), tightness (Thomas test, Ely test, straight leg raise [SLR], triceps surae, combined abduction test [CAT], horizontal flexion test [HFT]), and muscle elasticity (multifidus) were assessed to compare differences in physical function between injured and non-injured participants. Injuries occurred most commonly in the wrist (42.1%), lower back (30.2%), and foot (9.5%) among males, whereas heel (22.2%), knee (16.0%), and lower back (12.8%) were the most common injury sites among females. Wrist injuries in male athletes showed decreased shoulder joint range of motion, and lower back injuries showed decreased hip and shoulder joint range of motion. Lower back injuries in female athletes showed decreased hip extension mobility. Heel and knee joint injuries in females also showed increased range of motion and decreased tightness. The results of this study indicate that the factors related to flexibility differ according to injury location. Further studies are required to clarify the physical factors that influence injury occurrence by examining the effects of the gymnasts' muscle strength, age, individual factors, and left-right differences. 3.

Does free tendon length influence the injury risk of the Achilles tendon? A finite element study

ABSTRACTPurposeThe Achilles tendon is a common injury site, but anatomical risk factors for injury are relatively unexplored in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate whether changes in free tendon length would influence the results of a simulated rupture of the Achilles tendon.MethodsUsing a previously validated 3D finite element model of the free and aponeurotic Achilles tendon as a basis, two additional finite element models with 25% decreased and increased free tendon lengths were created. The finite element models were sequentially loaded from 2500 to 3500N in 100N increments, and the total volume of elements exhibiting a maximal principal strain above 10% was recorded. An Achilles tendon rupture was considered to have occurred when a continuous group of elements with a volume of at least 3 mm3 exhibited a maximum principal strain above 10%. Models were compared regarding the smallest load that met the rupture criterion and plots of the percentage of elements exhibiting maximum principal strains above 10% across the loading range. Sensitivity analyses assessed the influence of subtendon division variations and subtendon sliding restriction on the results.ResultsRupture loads and plots of the percentage of elements with maximum principal strains above 10% were similar between models, regardless of the free tendon length. No models met the rupture criterion when simulations were run without subtendon sliding. Rupture loads in the subtendon division variation models were correlated with the subtendon cross‐sectional areas.ConclusionsThe simulated rupture results of the Achilles tendon were sensitive to variations in subtendon cross‐sectional areas but not in free tendon length.Level of EvidenceLevel V.

Characteristics of oral mucosal pressure injuries in children with orotracheal intubation in intensive care units: An observational study.

Tracheal intubation can be used for ventilation to ensure an unobstructed respiratory tract, and it is the most common respiratory support technique used in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. Orotracheal intubation is usually the preferred method of tracheal intubation. However, it can cause stress-related damage to the oral mucosa. Identifying the factors that cause oral mucosal pressure injury (OMPI) can prevent its occurrence in children with oral endotracheal intubation. To examine the characteristics of OMPI in children who underwent orotracheal intubation in the PICU and to assess their influencing factors. An observational, prospective study. Data were gathered from the PICU of a tertiary hospital in China between January 2023 and October 2023. The patient data were obtained from the 'General Information Questionnaire', 'Paediatric Critical Illness Score', 'STRONGkids Scale' and 'OMPI Staging and Assessment Tools'. Data analysis was subsequently performed using univariate and logistic regression analyses. A total of 187 children who underwent orotracheal intubation were analysed. During the observation period, 44.92% (n = 84) of the children developed OMPI. It comprised 63.10% (n = 53) of stage I injuries, 33.33% (n = 28) of stage II injuries and 3.57% (n = 3) of stage III injuries. The common injury sites were the lower jaw (48.81%), upper jaw (29.76%), tongue (20.24%) and joints (10.71%). The logistic regression analysis results revealed that high critical illness (OR = 0.835, 95% CI: 0.726-0.961), long intubation time (OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.021-1.067), prone ventilation (OR = 6.708, 95% CI: 1.421-31.670), hypothermia (OR = 5.831, 95% CI: 1.208-28.149), use of dental pads (OR = 5.520, 95% CI: 1.150-26.487) and low albumin levels (OR = 6.238, 95% CI: 1.285-30.281) were the main contributing factors for OMPI in children with orotracheal intubation (p < .05). The occurrence of OMPI in children who underwent orotracheal intubation in the PICU was notable and was predominantly observed in stages I and II. Consequently, clinical nursing personnel should proactively recognize risk factors and administer timely interventions to mitigate the occurrence of OMPI in such children. The incidence of OMPI in children who underwent orotracheal intubation was relatively high. Nurses and doctors should closely monitor the risk factors for orotracheal intubation in children to prevent the occurrence of OMPI.

Effects of a Simulated Game and Doubleheader Inning on Peak Kinetics in Softball Pitching Across Pitch Types

Background: Softball pitchers frequently pitch at high volumes. Previous research has demonstrated changes in mechanics, range of motion, and perceived levels of fatigue and pain at high workloads. To date, little research has assessed changes in kinetics at high workloads across pitch types to understand the injury risk. Purpose: To examine changes in peak kinetics of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist of the pitching arm throughout a simulated game and doubleheader inning. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 19 high school softball pitchers (mean age, 15.1 ± 1.5 years; mean height, 1.6 ± 0.2 m; mean weight, 76.3 ± 16.9 kg) participated. Pitchers threw 4 innings of 25 randomly assigned pitches to mimic a game's high pitch count. Participants then rested for 30 minutes before subsequently proceeding to pitch the first inning of a doubleheader. Each pitcher threw a fastball, drop ball, curveball, and changeup. Peak shoulder, elbow, and wrist kinetics were compared across the first, last, and doubleheader innings and pitch types. Results: Compared with the first inning, significant decreases in kinetics were observed at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist in the last (P < .016) and doubleheader (P < .016) innings, particularly for shoulder and elbow compression force during the drop ball and curveball pitch types and wrist net force for all pitch types but the changeup. Significant decreases in elbow and wrist kinetics were observed during the changeup between the last and doubleheader innings (P < .016). Furthermore, differences in kinetics were observed between pitch types (P < .008); notably, the changeup had reduced kinetics compared with the fastball and breaking ball pitch types (drop ball, curveball) across innings. Conclusion: Across innings, attenuations in select joint kinetics of the pitching arm occurred that were specific to the pitch type. Across pitch types, peak kinetics was often greater during the fastball, while the changeup displayed the lowest peak kinetics. Clinical Relevance: The joints examined in this study are common sites of overuse injuries in pitchers. This work adds to previous findings on decrements in neuromuscular function as well as self-reported fatigue and pain with tournament-style pitching that may increase the injury risk. Collectively, these findings support developing a protocol combining functional testing and player-reported outcomes to aid sports specialists’ decisions for pitchers to continue to pitch or return to play, which may help prevent musculoskeletal injuries and time loss from sports participation.

Mastication Muscle Function in Mandibular Fracture Patients After Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) (Improved Masticatory Muscle Function in Mandibular Fracture Patients Post Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) Procedure: A Systematic Review)

The maxillofacial zone is a common site of traumatic injury, which has a direct impact on the aesthetics and function of the patient's face. The mandible is the main structural skeletal bone associated with the face, and the maxillofacial area is a common site of injury. Mandibular fractures have a significant impact on masticatory function. The main cause could also be the patient's ability to chew vigorously until the strength is below normal. This is related to dental comfort and mental attitude. Treatment consisting of surgery along the length of the mandibular fracture, focuses on restoring the structural shape of the mandible, with the hope of restoring normal form and function. Writing purpose systematic review (SR ) for studied further regarding the improvement of masticatory muscle function in mandibular fracture patients after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). SR writing is done with search and analyze journal from PMC, Pubmed and Science Direct portals with criteria inclusion and exclusion that have been determined. Nine articles journal Which identified four (4) prospective articles, one (1) retrospective, one (1) cross sectional, one (1) systematic review, one (1) case report, and one (1) case control. Of the ten journal articles that have been reviewed, there are articles, all of which measure masticatory muscle function as an indicator of the success of open reduction procedures. fixation (ORIF). It's just that there are various research specifications that vary, both in terms of the age of the research subjects, part of the injury, method, type of action, data analysis and other indicators that need to be considered in each study. There is an increase in masticatory muscle function in mandibular fracture patients after open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).

Firearm Injuries in Children: Four-year Experience from a Rural Tertiary Care Centre of Northern India.

Firearm injuries (FAIs) continue to be a global public health problem possessing substantial emotional, physical and financial burdens on hospital resources. Although FAIs are rare in children, their incidence is gradually increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate various aspects of FAI in children that were managed at a tertiary care centre located in the rural part of India. This clinical observational study of children <18 years of age, all due to FAI, was conducted at a tertiary care centre located in the rural part of India. Data of all children admitted with FAI over 4 years from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. Recorded data included age, sex, motive (intentional/unintentional) and circumstances leading to injury, type and license status of firearm used, time of injury, pre-hospital care, mode of transport to hospital, duration between injury and arrival to hospital, body parts and organs injured, trauma scores, management, complications, length of hospital stay and outcomes. The recorded data were entered into a worksheet and analysed. Out of 283 cases of FAI admitted, only 24 were children with age <18 years (8.48%). The mean age was 12.66 years (male:female = 2.4:1). Sixteen were intentional (66.67%) and eight were unintentional (33.33%). The family feud was the most common reason in case of intentional FAI (43.75%), and mishandling was the most common reason in case of unintentional FAI. Country made gun was the most common firearm used (62.5%). The chest and upper back were the most common sites of injury (54.16%). Intercostal drainage tube insertion was the most common surgical procedure performed (33.33%). There were three mortalities (12.5%). The present study found that intentional FAIs in children were more common than unintentional FAIs with family feuds and mishandling being the most common causes, respectively. The unlicensed country-made gun was the most common firearm causing injury in children.

Emergency services at sports places in Rio de Janeiro: intervention of the sports management, activity and tourism

Emergency services in sports environments are crucial to ensuring the safety of those participating. Although Rio de Janeiro boasts a large and varied number of sports facilities, little is known about the dynamics of care provided in these locations. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the emergency response data from sports environments attended by the Military Fire Brigade of the State of Rio de Janeiro (CBMERJ). Secondly, the study aimed to compare the factors associated with emergency care at sports facilities, identify the most common injury sites, infer the causes of these accidents, and observe the frequency of fatalities during sports activities. For this study, 615 data points from the first emergency rescue group (1GSE) of the Rio de Janeiro Military Fire Brigade were analyzed, divided into North (n = 215), South (n = 145), West (n = 214), and Central (n = 30) zones. The dependent variables were: gender, outcome types, care types, transport types, immobilization, care characterization, care strategy, death details, emergency occurrences, and injury distribution by region. The zones were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc analysis, with a significance level of p≤0.05. Statistical analysis revealed differences between the zones when comparing outcomes, with the northern zone showing higher values (~75%) of treated and removed victims compared to the western zone (60%). There were also differences between the zones in the type of care provided, where the northern zone showed higher values (~35%) of intermediate care compared to the western (~20%), southern (~25%), and central (%) zones. The type of transport used varied between zones, with the southern zone showing higher usage of rapid response vehicles (ASE L) than the northern and central regions. The analysis further revealed a difference in immobilization conditions, with the central zone showing a lower frequency (~20%) of immobilization, that is, a higher proportion of "other" outcomes compared to the northern (~40%), western (%), and southern (~50%) zones. Keywords: Emergency care; sports practices; injury; Fire Department.

Drowning Among Children 1-4Years of Age in California, 2017-2021.

Drowning, the leading cause of unintentional injury death among California children less than five years of age, averaged 49 annual fatalities for the years 2010-2021. The California Pool Safety Act aims to reduce fatalities by requiring safety measures around residential pools. This study was designed to analyze annual fatality rates and drowning incidents in California among children 1-4years of age from 2017-2021. We identified fatalities, injury hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits from California state vital statistics death data and state hospital and ED discharge data using the EpiCenter California Injury Data Online website. Over the five-year study period, 4,166 drowning incidents were identified: 234 were fatalities, 846 were hospitalizations, and 3,086 were ED visits. The observed difference in fatality rates from 2017 to 2021 failed to achieve statistical significance (P = 0.88). Location-based analysis of the 234 fatal drowning incidents revealed that pools were the most common injury site, accounting for 65% of the cases. Drowning remains the leading cause of unintentional, injury-related death among California children 1-4years of age, as the annual rate of fatality over the five-year study period did not decline. While the EpiCenter California Injury Data Online website is excellent for analyzing annual rates of drowning incidents among California residents over time, it is limited in providing insight into modifiable risk factors and event circumstances that can further inform prevention. The development of robust integrated fatal and non-fatal local, state, and national systematic data collection systems could aid in moving the needle in decreasing pool fatalities among young children.

Correlation of Player and Imaging Characteristics With Severity and Missed Time in National Football League Professional Athletes With Hamstring Strain Injury: A Retrospective Review

Background: Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are prevalent in US National Football League (NFL) players, but there is a paucity of information regarding imaging characteristics, injury severity, and player factors associated with time missed and risk of recurrent injury. Purpose: To describe player, football activity, clinical, and imaging characteristics of NFL players with HSIs, as well as determine player characteristics, clinical examination results, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings associated with injury occurrence, severity, and missed time. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective cohort of NFL players with acute HSI (n = 180) during the 2018-2019 season was identified. Injury data were collected prospectively through a league-wide electronic health record system. Three musculoskeletal radiologists graded MRI muscle injury parameters using the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) system. Player, football, clinical, and imaging characteristics were correlated with HSI incidence and severity and with missed time from sport. Results: Of the 1098 HSIs identified during the 2018-2019 season, 416 (37.9%) were randomly sampled, and 180 (43.3%) had diagnostic imaging available. Game activity, preseason period, and wide receiver and defensive secondary positions disproportionately contributed to HSI. The biceps femoris was the most commonly injured muscle (n = 132, 73.3%), followed by the semimembranosus (n = 24, 13.3%) and semitendinosus (n = 17, 9.4%) muscles. The most common injury site was the distal third of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles (n = 60, 45.5% and n = 10, 58.8%, respectively) and central part of the semimembranosus muscle (n = 17, 70.8%). Nearly half of the injuries (n = 83, 46.1%) were BAMIC grade 2; 25.6% (n = 46), grade 3; and 17.8% (n = 32), grade 4. MRI showed sciatic nerve abnormality in 30.6% (n = 55) of all HSIs and 81.3% (n = 26) of complete tendon injuries. BAMIC grade correlated with both median days and games missed. Combined biceps femoris and semitendinosus injuries resulted in the highest median days missed (27 days). Conclusion: Among NFL players with acute HSIs, the most common injury was a moderate-severity injury of the distal biceps femoris. BAMIC grade was associated with missed time.

Selective injury of thalamocortical tract in neonatal rats impairs forelimb use: model validation and behavioral effects.

Unilateral brain injury in neonates results in largely contralateral hand function in children. Most research investigating neurorehabilitation targets for movement recovery has focused on the effects of brain injury on descending motor systems, especially the corticospinal tract. However, a recent human study demonstrated that sensory tract injury may have larger effects on dexterity than motor tract injury. To validate that the sensory tract injury impairs dexterity, we modeled the most common site of sensory tract injury in neonates by targeting the thalamocortical tract. In the postnatal day 7 rats, we used three types of lesions to the thalamocortical tract: periventricular blood injection, photothrombotic lesion, and electrolytic lesion. To test the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques, viral tracers were injected into the primary sensory or motor cortex immediately after injury. Electrolytic lesions were the most specific and reproducible for inducing a lesion compared to the other two methods. Electrolytic lesions disrupted 63% of the thalamocortical tract, while sparing the adjacent corticospinal tract in the internal capsule. To measure the impact on dexterity, the cylinder exploration and pasta handling tests were used to test the changes of forelimb use at 8 weeks after injury when the rats reached maturity. Lesions to the thalamocortical tract were associated with a significant decrease in the use of the contralateral forelimb in the cylinder task, and the degree of impairment positively correlated with the degree of injury. Overall, specific sensory system lesions of the thalamocortical tract impair forelimb use, suggesting a key role for skilled movement.

Audit of Genito-Anal Injuries in male and female sexual abuse cases - A retrospective study.

Background: Sexual assault is a global issue wherein timely examination of sexual assault victims by medico-legal officers and an understanding of the characteristics and factors influencing their injuries have a crucial impact on medico-legal evidence collection and its use in the court. Genital injury findings improve the level of justice for victims, but the lack of injury does not negate the possibility of sexual violence incurred on the victim. The following study describes in great detail the different factors associated with injury characteristics and the medico-legal importance of all these factors. Methodology: It was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Forensic Medicine Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. All the cases included that fulfill the predefined inclusion criteria were included. A record chart was designed, and six years’ data was recorded in it from the medical records of the medico-legal clinic. It was entered and edited manually. Methods used to prevent data entry errors included double entry and validation following data entry Difference of proportions between variables, where appropriate, has been calculated by Pearson Chi-Square test and Fischer Exact test at 95% confidence interval. Data were analyzed using SPSS v23. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were following the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and the Helsinki declaration. Results: Genito anal injury was present in 28.2% cases and was absent in 71.8% cases. Most of the victims were aged 11 to 15 years. The most common injury in the victims was a tear. In females, the most common injury site was the vagina, while the perianal area was the most injured site in males. There was a significant relation (p&lt;0.05) between type and site of injury, gender, site of injury, and prior sexual intercourse experience and prevalence rate of injury. Conclusion: This study concludes that the presence of injuries in the Genito anal area is suggestive of sexual assault and provides useful court evidence.

Prevalence, and types of overuse injuries in gym centers: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia.

Physical activity has numerous health benefits, enhancing overall wellbeing. However, it can also lead to injuries, impeding exercise capacity and hindering work. Limited knowledge exists about the prevalence of overuse gym injuries and whether they vary across different gym activities. This study aims to estimate sport injuries at fitness centers in Saudi Arabia, comparing injuries between various activities and session durations. This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study surveyed regular gym-goers in Saudi Arabia with overuse injuries. The online survey, distributed through social media apps, collected data using a validated Google form questionnaire. Questioanire consists of 3 parts. First part of the questionnaire included demographic characteristics of participants. Second part contains characteristics related to gym as gym session's duration, frequency of attending gym per week, sport types, type of injuries and site of injuries. Third part contains Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Overuse injury questionnaire that included 4 questions about difficulties in participation, reduction of training, affection of performance and symptoms. Study included 1012 participants, majority male (76.2%), with age range of 18 to 50 years, and significant proportion falling between 26 and 30 years (52.6%). Majority of participants were from Central Province (42.9%). Gym sessions typically lasted 1 to 2 hours (68.3%), and most common attendance frequency was 4 days/week (39.6%). Common injury sites were shoulder (25.2%), knee (20.2%), and lower back (17.7%). Bodybuilding (50.6%), running (45.8%), and weightlifting/powerlifting (45.1%) were predominant sports. Strain/muscle rupture/tear (35.70%) and muscle cramps/spasm (19.3%) were commonest injury types. Longer gym sessions (>2 hours) were associated with higher prevalence of strain/muscle rupture/tear, dislocation, and subluxation (P < .001). Shorter sessions (<1 hour) had higher prevalence of muscle cramps/spasm and contusion/hematoma/bruise (P < .001). Gym sessions lasting 1 to 2 hours had high prevalence in tendinosis/tendinopathy. Strain/muscle rupture/tear was significantly higher in bodybuilding, weightlifting/powerlifting, swimming, cycling, and running. Tendinosis/tendinopathy was higher in crossfit. (OSTRC) Overuse injury questionnaire revealed decreased participation, training volume, performance, and increased pain with longer gym sessions. In conclusion, gym-related injuries are common, with bodybuilding and running being prevalent activities. Preventative measures should be taken, and individuals are advised to undergo a physical and medical examination before engaging in physical activity at fitness centers.

Presentations and management of hospitalized patients with upper extremity fractures at a level 1 trauma center: a 5-year observational study

BackgroundUpper extremity injuries (UEIs) are common in the emergency departments, yet they are under-reported in developing countries. This study examined the frequency, injury characteristics, and treatment approaches of upper extremity fractures (UEFs) among hospitalized trauma patients in a nationally representative population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational study including all the hospitalized patients with UEFs in the only level 1 trauma center in Qatar between July 2015 and August 2020. Comparative analyses were performed according to injury mechanisms, severity, and management approach.ResultsA total of 2,023 patients sustained UEIs with an average age of 34.4 ± 12.9 years, and 92% were males. Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs; 42.3%) were the primary cause of shoulder girdle injuries in 48.3% of cases. Fractures of the radius, ulna, and hands occurred in 30.8, 16.5 and 14.5%, respectively. Young adults were more involved in MVCs and motorcycle crashes (MCCs), while pedestrians who were typically older had a higher rate of humerus fractures. Patients with MCCs had a higher rate of clavicle and ulna fractures. Pedestrians were at risk of serious injuries, with a higher mean injury severity score and lower Glasgow Coma Scale.ConclusionMost UEFs patients were young males and mainly affected by MVCs. Shoulder girdle, particularly clavicle and scapula/glenoid fractures, emerged as common injury sites. The study highlighted the potential risk of pedestrian injuries, as reflected in higher injury severity, concomitant injuries, and higher mortality. Future studies are needed to optimize preventive measures by incorporating insights into specific injury mechanisms and patterns of UEIs.

Management of Suspected Peripheral Vascular Injuries in Orthopedic Trauma.

In orthopedic trauma, identification of extremity trauma combined with vascular injury is challenging. Missed diagnosis may result in amputation or even death. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether physical examination combined with handheld vascular ultrasound Doppler examination could be an effective method of screening for peripheral vascular injury and to explore the characteristics of vascular injuries in orthopedic trauma patients. Retrospective analysis of patients in the emergency department of orthopedic trauma in our hospital from January 2022 to October 2023. Physical examination combined with handheld vascular ultrasound Doppler examination was used as a screening method for suspected vascular injuries. Patients with suspected vascular injury would undergo further angiography and receive multidisciplinary treatment. Angiography was used as the gold standard for diagnosing vascular injuries. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, location and type of injury, angiographic results, surgical notes, and early treatment outcome data were recorded. A total of 55 cases (58 limb injuries) with suspected vascular injury were ultimately included. Angiography revealed that 53 cases (55 limbs, positive rate 94.8%) were considered to have confirmed vascular injuries. Forty-three were male (81.1%) and 10 were female (18.9%), with mean age 44.1 ± 16.6 years. The main mechanism of injury was traffic accident (30, 56.7%). Most common site of vascular injuries was knee joint (30/55, 54.5%), and popliteal artery (23, 47.9%) was the most commonly injured blood vessel. After multidisciplinary collaborative treatment, overall patient mortality was 3.8% (2/53), and limb survival rate among surviving patients was 81.1% (43/53) in our study. In orthopedic trauma, "Hard signs" and "soft signs" combined with handheld vascular ultrasound Doppler examination were effective ways to screen for suspected vascular injuries. Most limbs had associated fractures or dislocations at the site of vascular injury. Collaboration of vascular surgery, microsurgery and orthopedic trauma may help improve patients' prognosis.

Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injury in professional and amateur golfers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal injury in amateur and professional golfers, and to identify common injury sites and factors associated with increased injury frequency.DesignSystematic epidemiological review and...

Ocular injuries among patients with major trauma in England and Wales from 2004 to 2021

BackgroundOcular trauma is a significant cause of blindness and is often missed in polytrauma. No contemporary studies report eye injuries in the setting of severe trauma in the UK. We investigated ocular injury epidemiology and trends among patients suffering major trauma in England and Wales from 2004 to 2021.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study utilising the Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) registry. Major trauma cases with concomitant eye injuries were included. Major trauma was defined as Injury Severity Score >15. Ocular injuries included globe, cranial nerve II, III, IV, and VI, and tear duct injuries. Orbital fractures and adnexal and lid injuries were not included. Demographics, injury profiles, and outcomes were extracted. We report descriptive statistics and 3-yearly trends.ResultsOf 287 267 major trauma cases, 2368 (0.82%) had ocular injuries: prevalence decreased from 1.87% to 0.66% over the 2004–2021 period (P < 0.0001). Males comprised 72.2% of ocular injury cases, median age was 34.5 years. The proportion of ocular injuries from road traffic collisions fell from 43.1% to 25.3% while fall-related injuries increased and predominated (37.6% in 2019/21). Concomitant head injury occurred in 86.6%. The most common site of ocular injury was the conjunctiva (29.3%). Compared to previous TARN data (1989–2004), retinal injuries were threefold more prevalent (5.9% vs 18.5%), while corneal injuries were less (31.0% vs 6.6%).ConclusionsWhilst identifying eye injuries in major trauma is challenging, it appears ocular injury epidemiology in this setting has shifted, though overall prevalence is low. These findings may inform prevention strategies, guideline development and resource allocation.

Comparison of outcomes and required tools between transvenous extraction of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads: Insight from single high-volume center experience.

Reports of comparison with procedural outcomes for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and pacemaker (PM) transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are old and limited. We sought to compare the safety, efficacy, and procedural properties of ICD and PM TLE and assess the impact of lead age. The study cohort included all consecutive patients with ICD and PM TLE in the Cleveland Clinic Prospective TLE Registry between 2013 and 2022. Extraction success, complications, and failure employed the definitions described in the HRS 2017 TLE guidelines. A total of 885 ICD leads, a median implant duration of 8 (5-11) years in 810 patients, and 1352 PM leads of 7 (3-13) years in 807 patients were included. Procedural success rates in ICD patients were superior to those of PM in >20 years leads but similar in ≤20 years leads. In the PM group, the complete success rate of TLE decreased significantly according to the increase of lead age, but not in the ICD group. ICD TLE required more extraction tools compared with PM TLE but cases with older leads required non-laser sheath extraction tools in both groups. The most common injury site in major complication cases differed between ICD and PM TLE, although major complication rates showed no difference in both groups (2.7% vs. 1.6%, p = .12). The procedural success rate by TLE is greater for ICD patients than PM patients with leads >20 years old but requires more extraction tools. Common vascular complication sites and the impact of lead age on procedural outcomes and required tools differed between ICD and PM TLE.

E-scooter-related dental injuries: a two-year retrospective review.

Introduction In June 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) published guidance on electric scooter (e-scooter) use to ease transport congestion and reduce pollution. This study aims to examine dental injuries sustained during the two years following initiation of the trial.Methods The research was conducted at a UK, Level 1, supra-regional major trauma centre. All eligible patient records were analysed to identify e-scooter-related dental injuries to the following regions: teeth, periodontium, alveolus, palate, tongue, floor of mouth, frenum, buccal mucosa and lips. To assess significant associations between recorded variables, a Pearson's chi-square test was utilised.Results Of the 32 patients who experienced a total of 71 dental injuries, 46.5% (n = 33) affected teeth, predominantly upper central incisors (n = 17). 'Lacerations' (n = 32) and 'lips' (n = 30) were the most common type and site of soft tissue injuries, respectively. Unprovoked falls by riders accounted for 53.1% (n = 17) of the injuries. There was an overall increase in e-scooter-related dental injuries throughout the two-year period.Conclusion E-scooters have introduced an additional source of dental trauma. It is imperative health care professionals can also identify signs of head and non-dental injuries when managing such patients. Further studies are warranted allowing for better informed and optimised dental public health interventions.

Occupational accidents in Slovak Military Forests and Estates: incidence, timing, and trends over 10 years.

Forestry provides a wide range of employment opportunities worldwide and is seen as one of the high-risk industries in terms of occupational accidents. The submitted study analyzed the injury rate in the Military Forests and Estates of the Slovak Republic (62.6 thousand ha) between 2013 and 2022. The data analyses included regression and correlation analyses, χ2 tests to analyze the relationships between studied variables, and incidence rates. During the observed period, employees suffered 26 occupational accidents, of which 19.2% were light, 57.7% were registered, 23.1% were severe, and 0% were fatal. For every 1 million m3 of harvested timber, 7.7 accidents occurred. The incidence rate during the observed period was 672.1/100,000 employees. The highest proportion of accidents was in the age group 51-60 years and in employees with the lowest length of work experience <5 years. Regarding time, the highest proportion of occupational accidents occurred between 8:01 and 10:00 AM (53.8%) and day-wise on Thursdays (46.2%). The highest proportion of accidents occurred among forest workers (65.3%) during pruning and silviculture activities (42.3%). The most common injury site was forest stands (65.3%). Superficial injuries (34.6%) were the most common, mainly affecting the lower limbs (50%). The most frequent material agents causing the accidents were work and transport areas as sources of worker fall (38.5%), and the most frequent reason for an accident to occur was the lack of personal requirements for proper work performance (92.4%), whereas only (3.8%) of accidents occurred due to the use of forbidden or hazardous working procedures. The presented study identified the most vulnerable worker groups and provided an overview of the overall injury rate at the state forest company in Slovakia. The documentation can be incorporated into the safety strategies of forest enterprises.