Common Sense Arguments Research Articles

Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, Jesus Messiah

The consensus of New Testament scholars that the appellation Χριστός in Paul’s letters is a personal name and devoid of messianic convictions is increasingly questioned. Moving beyond philological, tradition-historical, exegetical, and common-sense arguments, the following can be demonstrated. When we treat Paul as a real person who read and studied the Hebrew Scriptures, who proclaimed the gospel in both Greek and Aramaic, using some Hebrew in the synagogues, who taught in local congregations in both Greek and Aramaic, who maintained contact with the Aramaic-speaking Jesus followers in Jerusalem throughout his ministry, and who sang and prayed in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, the assumption that, for Paul, Χριστός always stood for מְשִׁיחָא/הַמָּשִׁיחַ, the Messiah of God and the Messiah of God’s people, is highly plausible.

Misconceptions in mechanics and their elimination

Misconceptions are beliefs that contradict accepted scientific knowledge but they are seemingly supported by common-sense arguments. By testing misconceptions, we have deduced that they are also related to the structure of knowledge. Some basic elements of the incomplete knowledge structure have been identified, which promote the root of misconceptions to be persistent. Based on recognizing and eliminating these shortcomings, distinct guidance for the prevention or overcoming of misconceptions is proposed.

The impact of delayed transfers of care on emergency departments: common sense arguments, evidence and confounding

ObjectivesThere have been claims that Delayed Transfers of Care (DTOCs) of inpatients to home or a less acute setting are related to Emergency Department (ED) crowding. In particular DTOCs were...

Integrasi Sains Dan Agama Dalam Pendidikan Islam

<p><em>Discuss the issue of science and religion, we would come to the discussion of the interaction of science and religion at the same time meaningful symbolic level. In geneologis we can see the complexity of the interaction of religion and science in the debate between faith dimension textually understood and understand the marginalizing science because of religious doctrine often considered incompatible with the common sense arguments. Though science and religion born from the same womb that is the "experience" of humanity. Up to now, there are still strong presumption in the wider community who say that "religion" and "science" are two entities that can not be met. Both have their respective areas, separated from each other, both in terms of formal object-material, research methods, criteria of truth, the role played by scientists.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><em> : Integration, </em><em>interaction</em><em> </em><em>of science and religion</em><em></em></p>

Biased diffusion in three-dimensional comb-like structures.

In this paper, we study biased diffusion of point Brownian particles in a three-dimensional comb-like structure formed by a main cylindrical tube with identical periodic cylindrical dead ends. It is assumed that the dead ends are thin cylinders whose radius is much smaller than both the radius of the main tube and the distance between neighboring dead ends. It is also assumed that in the main tube, the particle, in addition to its regular diffusion, moves with a uniform constant drift velocity. For such a system, we develop a formalism that allows us to derive analytical expressions for the Laplace transforms of the first two moments of the particle displacement along the main tube axis. Inverting these Laplace transforms numerically, one can find the time dependences of the two moments for arbitrary values of both the drift velocity and the dead-end length, including the limiting case of infinitely long dead ends, where the unbiased diffusion becomes anomalous at sufficiently long times. The expressions for the Laplace transforms are used to find the effective drift velocity and diffusivity of the particle as functions of its drift velocity in the main tube and the tube geometric parameters. As might be expected from common-sense arguments, the effective drift velocity monotonically decreases from the initial drift velocity to zero as the dead-end length increases from zero to infinity. The effective diffusivity is a more complex, non-monotonic function of the dead-end length. As this length increases from zero to infinity, the effective diffusivity first decreases, reaches a minimum, and then increases approaching a plateau value which is proportional to the square of the particle drift velocity in the main tube.

Is addiction a disease or choice? Disease model on trial

Addiction treatment providers continue to give different and often controversial explanation of aetiology of substance addictions. While majority seem to hold steadfast to the idea that addiction is a disease, the other theorists maintain to the contrary that addiction is merely a choice. The advocates of brain disease model argue that acceptance of their view will reduce the stigmatization. On the contrary, critics of the brain disease model claim that placing responsibility for addiction on the individual’s ‘brain’ neglects the role of other factors, e.g. social environment, religiosity, person’s will – as contributors to addiction. In conclusion, the complexity of addiction phenomenon requires also a complex approach in understanding of addictions, integrating the evidence-based and common-sense arguments of several explanatory models.

Toulmin: razonamiento, sentido común y derrotabilidad

First, we offer theoretical resemblance of the representation of practical reasoning, beginning with the distinction between demonstrative and dialectical syllogism. We make reference to the Toulmin’s critique against to the dominant deductivism in his time. Then we give arguments to sustain the heuristic relevance of Toulmin’s model to understand the discussion about the inclusion of default logics in the representation of ordinary reasoning. We assert that the Toulminian analytic design allows to understand, with methodical clarity, the defeasibility of common sense arguments by means of the investigation of the modal notion of probability in ordinary language

Ethical issues in physiotherapy – Reflected from the perspective of physiotherapists in private practice

Background: An important aspect of physiotherapy professional autonomy is the ethical code of the profession, both collectively and for the individual member of the profession. The aim of this study is to explore and add additional insight into the nature and scope of ethical issues as they are understood and experienced by Danish physiotherapists in outpatient, private practice. Methods: A qualitative approach was chosen and semi-structured interviews with 21 physiotherapists were carried out twice and analyzed, using a phenomenological hermeneutic framework. Results: One main theme emerged: The ideal of being beneficent toward the patient. Here, the ethical issues uncovered in the interviews were embedded in three code-groups: 1) ethical issues related to equality; 2) feeling obligated to do one's best; and 3) transgression of boundaries. Conclusions: In an ethical perspective, physiotherapy in private practice is on a trajectory toward increased professionalism. Physiotherapists in private practice have many reflections on ethics and these reflections are primarily based on individual common sense arguments and on deontological understandings. As physiotherapy by condition is characterized by asymmetrical power encounters where the parties are in close physical and emotional contact, practiced physiotherapy has many ethical issues embedded. Some physiotherapists meet these issues in a professional manner, but others meet them in unconscious or unprofessional ways. An explicit ethical consciousness among Danish physiotherapists in private practice seems to be needed. A debate of how to understand and respect the individual physiotherapist's moral versus the ethics of the profession needs to be addressed.

Justifying and condemning sexual discrimination in everyday discourse: Letters to the Editor in the Australian local press

This discourse analysis study identifies the discursive strategies and linguistic resources addressers of Letters to the Editor in Australian community papers employ to construct their view of homosexuality; a view which uses the discourses of biology and religion to justify both rejection and acceptance. The analysis of the discursive strategies found in the texts identifies the use of certain ‘commonsense arguments’, as presented in Discursive Psychology, to justify and legitimate the addressers’ positions, as well as the use of keywords in relation to Cognitive Linguistics’ concepts. The identification of these elements in the elaboration of the letters’ discourses helps to recognise the addressers’ standpoint assumptions and their competing values. It was found that although the same discourse of legitimation (the Bible) is used in some of the arguments, addressers apply their own experience to their views of this discourse and thus create opposing arguments. What they have in common, however, is that they are basing the responsibility for rejection or acceptance not on themselves but on the narratives they use. This is used as a justification strategy that helps to avoid issues that could be socially condemned in their web of conversations.

Integrated approach to child health in developing countries

This article focuses on the integrated approach to child health in developing countries. The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a strategy developed by ten programs of WHO working with UN International Childrens Emergency Fund and many other agencies institutions and individuals. IMCI focuses on the disease of childhood that causes the greatest global burden while allowing for the content to be adapted to an individual countrys needs. An integrated approach is justified by good clinical practice and most importantly treating the child as a whole and not simply his or her most obvious disease. The strategy involves not only curative care but also interventions to promote healthy growth and development and prevent diseases. In health facilities the IMCI strategy promotes the accurate identification of childhood illnesses in outpatient settings ensures appropriate combined treatment of all major illnesses strengthens the counseling of caretakers and the provision of preventive services and speed up the referral of severely ill children. The strategy also aims to improve the quality of care of sick children at the referral level. In the home setting it promotes appropriate early home care and care seeking improved nutrition and prevention and the correct implementation of prescribed care. Through improving the coordination and quality of services provided by existing child health and other programs the IMCI strategy will help increase the effectiveness of care and in time reduce recurrent costs.

Estimation of the number of signals from features of the covariance matrix: a supervised approach

The purpose of this paper is to provide a fast and simplified detection test for use in the presence of a small number of sources (from 0-2), which is able to accommodate correlated paths and nonwhite noise; conventional eigenvalue-based criteria are unable to do so. For a uniform linear array, using common sense arguments, a small set of significant features of the covariance matrix are used as inputs to a neural net. The nonlinear transfer function of the neural net is adjusted by supervised training to provide the discriminant functions for order selection in its outputs. Results from the net are then compared with conventional criteria and demonstrate superior performance, in particular, for correlated sources and small sample sizes. Training may be introduced for known nonwhite noise, which serves to maintain high performance for reasonable correlation lengths.

The rhetoric of strategic retreat: Carter and the panama canal debate

In his televised address on the Canal Treaties, President Carter failed to employ the commonsense arguments that a policy of retreat requires. Five topoi for a rhetoric of retreat—timeliness, urgency, value, advantage, and shrewdness—help connect persuasion to policy, a rhetorical feat Carter more often accomplished in informal, impromptu speeches.

Why Determinism Cannot Be True

Determinism presents us with a sceptical problem by casting doubt upon the basic common sense conviction that we are free agents who are, on occasion, confronted with genuine alternatives. A genuine alternative is present in a situation in which an agent must choose between two actions, each of which he can both select and perform. Which of the actions he chooses and does is determined at the moment of his decision, but not prior to it. The non-determinist hangs steadfastly onto this conviction and seeks to bolster it by common sense arguments; yet the arguments of the determinist are so clear, simple and “scientific” that the would-be libertarian often finds himself at a loss. In this paper I shall argue that the seemingly irrefutable arguments of the determinist rest upon an implicit assumption which is inconsistent with determinism. This assumption is a quasi-Kantian one: that a human being is a rational agent who, on occasion, acts on the basis of reasons which justify but do not causally explain his action. The relation between the reason and the action which it justifies is logical rather than causal. Although the determinist explicitly rejects this assumption, he also holds determinism to be objectively true and supports his claim by appealing to justifying reasons. I shall argue that it is a logical consequence of determinism that appeals to justifying reasons and also the very concept of objective truth must be abandoned.