Common Reflection Surface Research Articles

Deep Seismic Reflection Imaging of Mesozoic Kachchh Rift, NW India: Implications for Evolution

AbstractDeep crustal seismic reflection profiling is carried out for first time across various tectonic domains of seismically active Mesozoic Kachchh rift basin, formed during the breakup of Gondwanaland. The seismic data, processed using the common reflection surface stack approach, provided maiden images of the shallow and deep sub‐surface structures in the region. These images reveal a 15 km thick subhorizontal lower crustal reflection fabric and crustal‐scale domal‐type structure extending from the surface to the Moho. We interpret the earlier structure represent magmatic underplating and the latter as the Kachchh Mainland uplift. We find large variations in the thickness of sediments from 150 m to 6.5 km and crustal thickness from 45 to 35 km from north to south, with a Moho up warp of 4 km beneath the Kachchh Mainland fault. The Kachchh rift basin exhibits an unusually thick crust of 45 km, contrary to many rift basins. We interpret the syn‐rifting and the Reunion mantle plume activity, manifested as Deccan volcanics, are responsible for magmatic underplating and crustal thickening. Uplift in the region is multi‐genetic in origin. Present study illuminated new faults and nature of various other faults. Moderate to large earthquakes in the region are attributed to the regional and local stresses resulting from the plate boundary and heterogeneous crustal structure. Based on the mafic lower crust and distribution of aftershocks through the entire crust, we interpret the lower crust is brittle, contrary to most models of continental rheology.

Advanced Processing of 2D Marine Reflection Seismic Data Using the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) Stack Method with K-L Filter Application

Data processing using the seismic reflection method is an important stage in the exploration of natural resources and minerals. This research was conducted to determine the effective and efficient stacking and filtering methods in reconstructing the subsurface geological structure of the earth from the results of data processing using ProMAX software. The data processing method used is the conventional stack and the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) stack. Aperture values of 0 ms – 50 m and 3000 ms – 150 m in the CRS stack process produce the most optimum seismic sections. Both methods produce a different quality of seismic cross-section display. The 2D cross-section model from the conventional stack method looks noisier than the results from the CRS stack method. In addition, the reflector pattern on the cross-section of the results of the CRS stack method is clearer and visible with a relatively large amplitude compared to the results of the conventional stack method. To maximize the quality of data display, data enhancement is applied, which is the K-L filter. The eigenimages value of 0.10% on the K-L filter with a horizontal window width of 120 is used to reduce random noise. Thus, an increase in the S/N ratio will be obtained in the seismic data so that the 2D cross-sectional model of the seismic reflection method can approach the original conditions of the subsurface geological structure.

Seismic Data Enhancement Based on Common-Reflection-Surface-Based Local Slope and Trimmed Mean Filter

Seismic data often contain noise that can disturb or mask effective information. Noise elimination is an important and challenging task in seismic signal processing. Considering the high amplitude continuity of seismic events in the shot domain, this article proposes a structure-oriented denoising method that can enhance the effective events and suppress disturbing noise, including both incoherent and coherent noise. Based on the common-reflection-surface (CRS) travel time, the local slope of seismic events in the shot domain is deduced and estimated to provide structural information for plane-wave prediction. The proposed CRS-based slope depends on fewer parameters (two in 2D) than the conventional full CRS travel time (three in 2D), making it computationally efficient. Using the local slope, the third dimension is created using the plane-wave differential equation to predict the current trace from its neighbor traces and trimmed mean filtering (TMF) is applied in this dimension. The added dimension can be regarded as flattening the seismic events within a neighboring window and collapsing after application of the TMF. Synthetic and field datasets are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure-oriented TMF. Compared with wavelet and plane-wave destruction methods, the proposed method can preserve more useful information with greater continuity in amplitude.

Data reconstruction combining MWNI and CRS-based interpolation methods

Many seismic processes, such as migration, inversion, and quantitative interpretation, can be improved via multidimensional regularization and interpolation methods. Different algorithms based on signal processing principles have been proposed for multidimensional seismic data reconstruction. Similarly, the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) stack method, a technique based on ray-theory principles, can also be used for regularization and interpolation. CRS-based reconstruction requires determining the wavefront attributes of the CRS stacking operator directly from the data. These wavefront attributes are commonly searched through global optimization algorithms, where a coherence measure is maximized. The precision and reliability of the wavefront attributes (also called CRS attributes) depend on the optimization method used in their search and the quality of the input data. Onshore field data with missing traces and gaps due to missing shot records can introduce attribute errors and create artifacts that contaminate seismic stacks. To solve this problem, we propose applying the Minimum Weighted Norm Interpolation (MWNI) method for the reconstruction of the prestack data before estimating the CRS attributes. Then we use the wavefront attributes to CRS-based prestack data reconstruction and denoising. We validate the combination of MWNI and CRS-based interpolation methods with synthetic data and show that the CRS attributes extracted by the combined approach are very similar to the reference values. The proposed processing flow shows excellent results on an onshore vintage dataset from the Parnaíba Brazilian basin, where MWNI operates as a fold regularization. The reconstructed data obtained by combining MWNI and CRS show significant improvements compared to the reconstructed data using the two algorithms separately. Prestack time migration images show increased quality when the two methods are adopted in the processing flow.

Using common-reflection-surface stack for enhanced near-surface seismic reflection imaging: Examples from consolidated and unconsolidated environments

The small geophone spacing and spread lengths commonly used to investigate ultrashallow layers in conjunction with the limited bandwidth of surface impact sources do not allow for clear separation of different seismic arrivals. The interference of events and the high noise levels due to near-source offsets make shallow seismic data processing a challenging task. The wavefront attributes of seismic waves commonly used in conventional seismic processing are suggested to improve near-surface seismic reflection imaging. These wavefront attributes are often used as the stacking parameters in multidimensional time imaging methods such as common-reflection surface (CRS). It is shown in this paper that the CRS method can improve near-surface seismic data processing by enhancing: (1) unstacked gathers via a CRS-based local stacking scheme, (2) semblance picking for velocity model building, and (3) zero-offset stacked data via the CRS global stacking. The CRS-based local stacking can mitigate the loss of data associated with optimum-windowing-based muting of coherent noise. The CRS local stacking infills the muted zones via its robust data interpolation and regularization features and enhances the image quality. Furthermore, the CRS-based enhanced data allow for improved near-surface velocity model building by producing higher coherence and more focused semblance peaks. The CRS global stacking is shown to further smooth and provide more continuity of events in the zero-offset data. Applications to a synthetic and two field data sets collected from high- and low-velocity environments indicate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed approach.

Cuspate-lobate folding in glacial sediments revealed by a small-scale 3-D seismic survey

We carried out a small-scale 3-D seismic survey (120 × 120 m2, bin size 1.5 m) in advance of a research borehole. The target consists of 150 m of Quaternary sediments in a glacially overdeepened valley. We used a wheelbarrow-mounted electrodynamic vibrator as seismic source and chose a simple orthogonal layout. During one week of acquisition, we fired 1024 shots into 384 vertical geophones.The key processing step was the interpolation and regularization of traces, realized by common reflection surface (CRS) processing. This enhances data quality in low fold regions at small offsets. Despite the small source, the entire Quaternary fill and the base of the valley is imaged well.At a depth of 20–50 m, glaciotectonic deformation, in the form of cuspate-lobate folds, is visible, which was not recognized previously in a 2-D seismic profile that runs along the edge of the 3-D area. The folding indicates that compressional glacial stresses acted on layers of stiff till and less competent clastics. We interpret that the varying fold axes' directions indicate varying stress fields during the Last Glacial Maximum. Cuspate-lobate folding has hitherto not been used to describe the deformation of glacial sediments.

Migration velocity analysis based on focusing diffractions generated from CRS wavefront attributes: Application to real land data

In land seismic data processing, the prestack time migration (PSTM) image remains the standard imaging output, but a reliable migrated image of the subsurface depends on the accuracy of the migration velocity model. We have adopted two new algorithms for time-domain migration velocity analysis based on wavefield attributes of the common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack method. These attributes, extracted from multicoverage data, were successfully applied to build the velocity model in the depth domain through tomographic inversion of the normal-incidence-point (NIP) wave. However, there is no practical and reliable method for determining an accurate and geologically consistent time-migration velocity model from these CRS attributes. We introduce an interactive method to determine the migration velocity model in the time domain based on the application of NIP wave attributes and the CRS stacking operator for diffractions, to generate synthetic diffractions on the reflection events of the zero-offset (ZO) CRS stacked section. In the ZO data with diffractions, the poststack time migration is applied with a set of constant velocities, and the migration velocities are then selected through a focusing analysis of the simulated diffractions. We also introduce an algorithm to automatically calculate the migration velocity model from the CRS attributes picked for the main reflection events in the ZO data. We determine the precision of our diffraction focusing velocity analysis and the automatic velocity calculation algorithms using two synthetic models. We also applied them to real 2D land data with low quality and low fold to estimate the time-domain migration velocity model. The velocity models obtained through our methods were validated by applying them in the Kirchhoff PSTM of real data, in which the velocity model from the diffraction focusing analysis provided significant improvements in the quality of the migrated image compared to the legacy image and to the migrated image obtained using the automatically calculated velocity model.

Research progress on seismic imaging technology

High-precision seismic imaging is the core task of seismic exploration, guaranteeing the accuracy of geophysical and geological interpretation. With the development of seismic exploration, the targets become more and more complex. Imaging on complex media such as subsalt, small-scale, steeply dipping and surface topography structures brings a great challenge to imaging techniques. Therefore, the seismic imaging methods range from stacking-to migration-to inversion-based imaging, and the imaging accuracy is becoming increasingly high. This review paper includes: summarizing the development of the seismic imaging; overviewing the principles of three typical imaging methods, including common reflection surface (CRS) stack, migration-based Gaussian-beam migration (GBM) and reverse-time migration (RTM), and inversion-based least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM); analyzing the imaging capability of GBM, RTM and LSRTM to the special structures on three typical models and a land data set; outlooking the future perspectives of imaging methods. The main challenge of seismic imaging is to produce high-precision images for low-quality data, extremely deep reservoirs, and dual-complex structures.

Improvement of Seismic Sections and Well Logs for Joint Geophysical Interpretation

Seismic and well-logging data are useful for comparison and then integratation for a comprehensive geophysical interpretation. In the course of this work, seismic results were compared with well-logging geophysical data and profiles for more reliable evaluation of groundwater formations in the Tokaj region, north-east Hungary. The seismic results and profiles were obtained by the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) stacking technique. This is an advantageous stacking technique that is expected to greatly improve seismic profiles. In connection with this, we also examined some well-logging geophysical profiles so that we can improve later results. By comparing and examining the two types of sections together, we provide a basis for various method developments that improve the sections. Thus, the aim is to fill in the missing data, so that the well-logging and seismic sections can be examined together as accurately as possible in order to gain a more accurate picture of the subsurface formations. It is important to determine the lithology and petrophysical characteristics using well logs. The section replacement the improvement of the units is done using machine learning-based and inversion methods such as factor analysis or cluster analysis. An important outcome in the application of geophysical inversion methods is that the results of different methods can be jointly interpreted and this can significantly increase the reliability of the results. The application of these methods and their development is expected to reduce uncertainty and ambiguity and to increase the accuracy of the sections.

Efficient spreading strategy for global solution search using a trust-region optimization method: An application to the common-reflection-surface stacking problem

Some processes in seismic imaging can be formulated as a coherence-based problem, such as common-reflection-surface (CRS) stacking. The approach consists of obtaining the CRS attributes that provide the best-fitting CRS surface in the multicoverage data. The problem can be described as an optimization problem and is solved by an optimization algorithm. In general, quick convergent optimization algorithms are local solvers. To obtain a global solution, an efficient strategy has been developed to be used combined with a trust-region local optimization method. This strategy can be divided into two features: the sequential parameter search and the spreading solution. The idea is to first find solutions on a coarse output grid by a sequential parameter search. This feature is based on constructing splines to estimate the maxima of the objective function in one dimension. These estimated maxima are the initial approximations to the local solver. The optimization algorithm obtains the parameters by sequentially solving 1D, 2D, and 3D problems. Once the solutions are found on the coarse grid, useful information is propagated in the neighborhood to obtain the solutions on all output grids. Although the idea of spreading a solution seems easy, its implementation is complex. It is essential to consider the properties of the problem as well as the properties of the optimization algorithm. Through some numerical experiments, the results using this strategy are shown. The use of sequential parameter search and spreading solution provides an improvement not only in the parameters but also in computational time.

Application of common reflection surface (CRS) to velocity variation with azimuth (VVAz) inversion of the relatively narrow azimuth 3D seismic land data

Abstract The fracture direction and its intensity are critical properties related to hydrocarbon characterization and identification. Both these properties have an essential role in identifying the direction of hydrocarbon migration, determining the sweet spot area, and optimizing the drilling design. The velocity variation with azimuth (VVAz) is a well-known method to estimate the fracture direction and its intensity. This method is of widespread interest because it predicts the properties based on seismic data without any practical constraints. Despite this interest, the technique requires rich azimuth 3D seismic data in our case, which is rare. This study aims to apply regularization and interpolation by including the wave front attributes based on the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) method before the VVAz inversion. The motivation of using the CRS method is to enrich the current azimuth of the 3D seismic data and improve the S/N ratio. The synthetic and the real 3D seismic data are evaluated to examine the interpolation scheme of the proposed CRS method’s performance. Based on the evaluation of the 3D seismic data after regularization, the amplitude versus offset (AVO) phenomena, and the VVAz inversion results are relatively consistent (or matched) with the model. A similar result is found for the case of real 3D seismic data. A significant positive correlation between the fracture intensity of FMI and the real seismic data of about 0.9 is obtained. Therefore, CRS can be used as a regularization and interpolation method before the VVAz inversion of the relatively narrow azimuth 3D seismic data.

Study on the Velocity Analysis Method of Low SNR Seismic Data

When the signal to noise ratio of seismic data is very low, velocity spectrum focusing will be poor., the velocity model obtained by conventional velocity analysis methods is not accurate enough, which results in inaccurate migration. For the low signal noise ratio (SNR) data, this paper proposes to use partial Common Reflection Surface (CRS) stack to build CRS gathers, making full use of all of the reflection information of the first Fresnel zone, and improves the signal to noise ratio of pre-stack gathers by increasing the number of folds. In consideration of the CRS parameters of the zero-offset rays emitted angle and normal wave front curvature radius are searched on zero offset profile, we use ellipse evolving stacking to improve the zero offset section quality, in order to improve the reliability of CRS parameters. After CRS gathers are obtained, we use principal component analysis (PCA) approach to do velocity analysis, which improves the noise immunity of velocity analysis. Models and actual data results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.

Thick-skinned tectonics of the Achankovil Shear Zone, southern India, inferred from new deep seismic reflection image: Constraints on the East African Orogen

The East Gondwana was formed by the assembly of continental fragments, namely India, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and Antarctica, with the evolution of 2000 km long East African Orogen around 550 Ma. Lack of knowledge on the subsurface structure of the orogen led to a wide range of evolutionary models. The present study attempts to resolve various models’ ambiguity by presenting new results of the first deep seismic reflection study across the Achankovil Shear Zone, Southern Granulite Terrain, India that was evolved during the East African Orogen. The seismic study is also the first of its kind among the east Gondwana fragments. The Common reflection surface stack images of the present study reveal hitherto unknown details along with a unique south-dipping reflection fabric extending from the surface to upper mantle depth. We interpret this fabric is formed due to subduction-accretion of Madurai and Trivandrum blocks during the East African Orogen and represents a suture zone. Two deep-seated shear zones, the Achankovil and Tenmalai were also developed at both ends of collision fabric with strike-slip characteristics. Orogenic collapse and post-orogenic extension are inferred from the subhorizontal lower-crustal reflection fabric, which is interpreted as an equilibrated younger Moho. The present study provided an opportunity to understand the formation and exhumation of granulites, which act as a window on the inaccessible lower continental crust. Gravity modelling is performed along the seismic profile. Integration of present results with the existing geological and geophysical data provided basic constraints on the structure and tectonics of east Gondwana fragments and the East African Orogen.

Combination of the common reflection surface-based prestack data regularization and reverse time migration: Application to real land data

The application of reverse time migration (RTM) to land seismic data is still a great challenge due to its low quality, low signal-to-noise ratio, irregular spatial sampling, acquisition gaps, and missing traces. Therefore, prior to the application of this kind of depth migration, the input prestack data must be judiciously preconditioned; that is, it must be interpolated, regularized, and enhanced. There are several Fourier-based methods for seismic data preconditioning, but for 2D real land data, as we will show, the regularization of prestack data based on the common reflection surface (CRS) method provides high-quality enhanced preconditioned data, which is suitable for prestack depth migration and velocity model building. We have determined the successful application of RTM to onshore seismic data, revealing the great potential of combining RTM and CRS-based prestack data regularization. We apply this processing combination to real land data with low quality and irregular spatial sampling, from geologically complex areas with the presence of diabase sills and steeply dipping reflectors. Normally, it is very difficult to extract the wavelet of the seismic source from this type of low-quality onshore data because the reflection events are hidden or mixed with noise, and, because of this, RTM migration is often applied using artificial sources (e.g., a Ricker wavelet), which can introduce ringy side lobes in the reflectors. Therefore, we develop a practical algorithm for wavelet determination from the power spectrum of the CRS regularized prestack data, and we apply it successfully in the RTM migration. We develop applications of our prestack data preconditioning based on CRS followed by RTM for two 2D onshore seismic lines from the Tacutu and Parnaiba basins, Brazil. Comparisons with standard Kirchhoff depth migration reveal that the combination of CRS followed by wavelet extraction and then RTM improves the quality and resolution of the final migrated images.

Joint interpretation of geophysical field experiments in the danube deep-sea fan, Black Sea

Gas hydrates are naturally-occurring solid compounds of gas and water within almost all sediment-rich continental margins. Due to the large amounts of methane stored in submarine gas hydrates, they might serve as future reservoirs for offshore marine gas production. Assessing the reservoir characteristics requires reliable estimates of both the gas and gas hydrate concentration, which can be best addressed using geophysical and geological investigations. Here, we demonstrate the power of joint interpretation of interdisciplinary geophysical techniques and geological laboratory experiments. Regional 2D multichannel seismic data provide the broad overview of a hydrate-bearing area. High-resolution 2D and 3D seismic reflection data provide detailed images of two working areas, the buried S1 channel-levee system at 1500 m water depth (well within the gas hydrate stability zone) and a slope failure location, located at 665 m water depth (top limit of the hydrate formation) next to the S2 channel. Detailed compressional and shear wave (Vs) velocity-depth models were derived from four component ocean-bottom seismic data, the latter from P- to S-conversion upon reflection. Due to their steep reflection angles, shear wave events result in less resolved Vs models. Nevertheless, in case of a change in elasticity of the sediment matrix due to gas hydrate cementation, shear wave events can be used as an indicator. As such, Vs can give insight into the nature of hydrate formation throughout the GHSZ. We present new developments in the application of common reflection surface, normal-incidence-point tomography and full waveform inversion techniques to enhance model resolution for the seismic data sets. 2D and 3D controlled-source electromagnetic measurements provide volume information of the resistivity-depth distribution models. Electrical resistivity of the sediment formation depends on its porosity and the resistivity of the pore fluid. Gas hydrate and free gas generally have much higher electrical resistivities than saline pore fluid, and can be assessed using empirical relationships if the porosity and pore fluid salinity are known. Calibration with logging data, laboratory experiments on hydrate- or ice-bearing sediments, and resulting velocity and resistivity values, guide the joint interpretation into more accurate saturation estimations. Beyond that, a joint inversion framework supporting forward calculation of specialized geophysical methods at distributed locations is under development.In this paper, we summarize these individual components of a multi-parameter study, and their joint application to investigate gas hydrate systems, their equilibrium conditions and preservation of bottom-simulating-reflectors. We analyze data from two working areas at different locations and depth levels along the slope of the Danube Fan, which are both characterized by multiple bottom simulating reflectors indicating the presence of gas hydrate. In the first working area we located two depth windows with indications for moderate 16%–24% gas hydrate formation, but no vertical gas migration. In the second working area we observed fluid migration pathways and active gas seepage, limiting gas hydrate formation to less than 10% at the BSR. Some discrepancies remain between seismic-based and electromagnetic-based models of gas and gas hydrate distribution and saturation estimates, indicating that further in-situ investigations are likely required to better understand the gas hydrate systems at our study areas and to calibrate the inversion processes, which will be required for a joint inversion framework as well.

Improving 3D water column seismic imaging using the Common Reflection Surface method

Water column processing has gained attention in recent years since a seismic model of a water column could assist marine data processors to correctly image the sub-seafloor geology, which is the target of primary interest. In addition to seismic processing, water column imaging has gained interest in the physical oceanography community for improved study of oceanographic processes. However, seismic water column processing is challenging since the internal reflections of the ocean are inherently weak and are often masked by noise. In this work, we adopt the common reflection surface stack technique in order to improve the imaging of ocean water layers. The common reflection surface stack is a robust data preconditioning and stacking technique in seismic processing that relies on the kinematic wavefront attributes of seismic waves. The method is applied to a multichannel 3D data set collected for oil and gas exploration in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico. The method greatly improves inline sections but does not significantly enhance crosslines and horizontal slices, which are more sensitive to both the acquisition geometry and the temporal variability of ocean water masses.

Massively Scaling Seismic Processing on Sunway TaihuLight Supercomputer

Common Midpoint (CMP) and Common Reflection Surface (CRS) are widely used methods for improving the signal-to-noise ratio in the field of seismic processing. These methods are computationally intensive and require high-performance computing. This article optimizes these methods on the Sunway many-core architecture and implements large-scale seismic processing on the Sunway Taihulight supercomputer. We propose the following three optimization techniques: 1) we propose a software cache method to reduce the overhead of memory accesses, and share data among CPEs via the register communication; 2) we re-design the semblance calculation procedure to further reduce the overhead of memory accesses; 3) we propose a vectorization method to improve the performance when processing the small volume of data within short loops. The experimental results show that our implementations of CMP and CRS methods on Sunway achieve 3.50× and 3.01× speedup on average compared to the-state-of-the-art implementations on CPU. In addition, our implementation is capable to run on more than one million cores of Sunway TaihuLight with good scalability.

Appication of ZO-CRS Stack on Residual PP Removal of PS Component in Converted-Wave Sesimic Reflection Processing

A high-quality image of the PS component is needed since applying the converted-wave seismic method has increased significantly in hydrocarbon exploration, especially in interpreting the detail and complexity of structure or reservoir zones. The incident P-wave on a surface produces a reflected and converted P-S wave. Converted-wave seismic uses the multicomponent receiver that records both vertical and horizontal components. The vertical component is assumed to correspond to the compressional PP wave, and the horizontal corresponds to the PS converted-wave. To better understand how to image better the PS component, synthetic seismic data with the shallow gas and relatively complex model are constructed by the full-waveform modeling. This study aims to improve the imaging quality in the PS section to remove the residual PP events on the horizontal data refer to our previous study. In this study, to obtain the more reliable PS data, the residual PP reflections have been removed by applying the Zero Offset Common Reflection Surface (ZO CRS) Stack of the PS component. The results of this study, the imaging quality is better than that in the previous study.

An efficiency‐improved genetic algorithm and its application on multimodal functions and a 2D common reflection surface stacking problem

ABSTRACTAlthough Genetic Algorithms have found many successful applications in the field of exploration geophysics, the convergence speed remains a big challenge as Genetic Algorithms usually require a huge amount of fitness function evaluations. In this paper, we propose an efficiency‐improved Genetic Algorithm, which has both a good global search capability and a good local search capability, and is also capable of robustly handling the premature convergence challenge commonly seen in linear and directed non‐linear optimization methods. In our new genetic algorithm, the global search capability is performed via a modified island model, while the local search capability is provided by a novel self‐adaptive differential evolution fine tuning scheme. Premature convergence is dealt with via a local exhaustive search method. We first demonstrate the much improved convergence speed of this efficiency‐improved Genetic Algorithm over that of our previously proposed advanced Genetic Algorithm on several multimodal functions. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our efficiency‐improved Genetic Algorithm by applying it to a two‐dimensional common reflection surface stacking problem, which is a highly nonlinear geophysical optimization problem, to obtain very encouraging results.

Velocity Inversion with an Iterative Normal Incidence Point (NIP) Wave Tomography with Model-Based Common Diffraction Surface (CDS) Stack

Normal Incidence Point (NIP) wave tomography inversion has been recently developed to generate a velocity model using Common Reflection Surface (CRS) attributes, which is called the kinematic wavefield attribute. In this paper, we propose to use the model based Common Diffraction Surface (CDS) stack method attributes instead of data driven Common Reflection Surface attributes as an input data parameter. In this way, the effects of Normal wave on Normal Incidence Point wave calculation are removed. In the proposed method, the velocity model is updated iteratively by an interactive between Common Diffraction Surface attributes and the velocity model produced by Normal Incidence Point wave tomography inversion. We applied the proposed method on a 2D complex land data set in the northeast of Iran. The events in the Common Image Gathers (CIGs) become flat after migrating the pre stack data by using the obtained velocity. This is while the events on the same Common Image Gathers that are processed by the data driven Common Reflection Surface stake method are not well flatted. These results show a great capability of the proposed method to obtain the velocity model compared to the single step Normal Incidence Point wave tomography inversion with Common Reflection Surface attributes.