Common Problem In Adolescents Research Articles

Relationship between Knowledge Level about Anemia, Parents' Income and Menstrual Pattern with Anemia Status in Young Girls at 7th-Grade Junior High School Students in Palangka Raya City

Background: One of the most common problems in adolescents was iron anemia. In adolescents who experience anemia, it would had very significant effects such as reduced body fitness, decreased learned abilities, suboptimal height, decreased physical abilities and pale faces.
 Objective: : To analyze the relationship between knowledge levelled, parental income and menstrual patterns with anemia status in young girls at 7th-grade junior high school in Palangka Raya city.
 Method: The design of this studied was an analytical descriptive with a quantitative cross-sectional studied, a sample of 146 of 1409 population of 7th-grade students spread across 47 schools in the city of Palangka Raya. The instrument used a knowledge questionnaire and a digital hemometer. The analysis used in this studied was the spearman correlation test and multiple logistic regression.
 Result: : There was a relationship between the leveled of knowledge of anemia and anemia status in young girls at 7th-grade junior high school in Palangka Raya city (p-value=0.0001;r=0.325). There was a relationship between parents' income and anemia status in young girls at 7th-grade junior high school in Palangka Raya city (p-value=0.0001;r=0.392). There was a relationship between menstrual patterns and anemia status in 7th-grade junior high school girls in Palangka Raya city (p-value=0.006;r=0.227). Parents' income factor was the factor that most influences the incidence of anemia in young women (exp. B=8.241).
 Conclusion: Knowledge was a protective factor which means a protective action in the form of anemia prevention behaviour. 
 Keywords: Anemia Status, Anemia Knowledge; Menstrual Patterns; Parents Income

Developing an understanding of the relationship between anxiety and dissociation in adolescence

Anxiety is a common problem in adolescence which is hypothesised to be associated with dissociation, a range of distressing symptoms linked to reduced psychosocial functioning. Yet, to date, research into the mechanisms of dissociation in adolescents has been limited. The present study investigated the link between trait anxiety and dissociative experiences (depersonalisation and ‘felt sense of anomaly’) using an online survey. Cognitive appraisals of dissociation, perseverative thinking, and body vigilance were assessed as potential mediating factors of this relationship. 1211 adolescents aged 13–18 years were recruited via social media advertisements and local schools. Linear regression showed a moderate positive relationship between trait anxiety and both dissociation constructs. Hierarchical regression indicated that cognitive appraisals of dissociation and perseverative thinking mediated the relationship between trait anxiety and both dissociation constructs, but trait anxiety was a significant predictor for felt sense of anomaly but not depersonalisation after including the mediators. The final models accounted for 58.7% of variance in depersonalisation and 68.4% of variance in felt sense of anomaly. These results support the hypothesis that dissociation is associated with anxiety in adolescence. They also demonstrate that cognitive-behavioural conceptualisations may be valid for understanding dissociation in adolescence.

Remineralizing Potential of Natural Nano-Hydroxyapatite Obtained from Epinephelus chlorostigma in Artificially Induced Early Enamel Lesion: An In Vitro Study.

Dental caries is a common problem in adolescents, leading to permanent loss of teeth or cavitation. Caries is a continuous process wherein demineralization and remineralization occur regularly. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials, as it closely resembles the mineral composition of teeth. The present study deals with isolating hydroxyapatite from fish bone (Epinephelus chlorostigma) by alkaline hydrolysis and thermal calcination. The isolated nano HA was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM-EDX, and HR-TEM analysis. The nano HA isolated by alkaline hydrolysis is nontoxic, and the cells are viable. The isolated HA enhances the proliferation of L929 cells. The remineralization potential of the extracted nano HA was evaluated in healthy premolars by DIAGNOdent/laser fluorescence quantification, surface microhardness test, and SEM-EDX analysis. Surface morphological observations in SEM and EDX analyses show that thermally calcined HA and alkali-treated HA can induce mineralization and deposit minerals. Therefore, HA obtained from Epinephelus chlorostigma could be a potential biomaterial for treating early caries.

The use of cannabinoids in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - a review of the latest literature.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common problem in adolescents and adults around the world. ADHD is particularly characterized by inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity, and in order to deal with these problems, patients often resort to other methods of treatment in addition to classic pharmacotherapy. Increasing numbers of ADHD patients are self-medicating with cannabis, despite the lack of specific evidence on its efficacy and safety.
 Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to review the most recent available literature on the use of cannabidiol in the treatment of ADHD. For this purpose, PubMed and scopus databases were reviewed. The phrase "cannabidiol and ADHD" was used in the database search. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 15 articles and articles cited in them were obtained and analyzed in detail.
 Results: Cannabinoids are reported to have pharmacological anxiolytic, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antipsychotic and hypnotic effects. Single-case studies of patients treated with them show that cannabinoids reduced hyperactivity, improved focus and control of impulsive behavior. Patients also reported side effects of cannabis use, the most common being mild short-term memory problems, dry mouth, sleepiness, and occasional experiences of constant thirst and greater forgetfulness. Most of the acute side effects were related to neuropsychiatric symptoms and were associated with cardiac sympathomimetic effects
 Conclusion: There is evidence for the effects of cannabinoids on ADHD symptoms as well as the influence of the cannabinoid system on involvement in neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, more controlled clinical trials are needed to determine the effect of cannabis use on ADHD symptoms and the norms of its use in this indication.
 Keywords
 cannabidiol, ADHD, literature review

The Effectiveness of Adolescent Reproductive Health Education on Attitude in Facing Pre Menstrual Syndrome in Students of Class X OTKP At SMKN 1 Binjai in 2018

<p>One of the children's health efforts at community health center, established through the Presidential Instruction, is the Youth Care Health Service (PKPR), specifically aimed at increasing the knowledge and skills of adolescents about the reproductive health. Based on the Indonesian Health Profile, it was known that 11 provinces (32.4%) have not achieved the Strategic Plan target, set at 30%, in 2016, North Sumatra province reached 23.47%. Common problems in adolescents related to menstruation are dysmenorrhea (67.2%) and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) 63.1%. Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) is a collection of physical, emotional, psychological symptoms experienced by women during the luteal phase of each menstrual cycle (7-14 days before menstruation). This study aims to determine the Effectiveness of Adolescent Reproductive Health Education Against Attitudes in Facing Pre Menstrual Syndrome in Students of Class X OKTP at SMKN 1 Binjai 2018. This study used one group Pretest Postest design. All students of grade 10 OTKP, 83 people, became the population in this study, and the entire population was used as a research sample. The primary data, collected through questionnaire sheets, were analyzed by the Wicolxon Test. Through the research with the wicolxon test, it was found that the p value was 0,000, where the p value was 0,000 <α (0,05), then H0 was rejected which means that this research was meaningful, and this study concluded that adolescent reproductive health education was effective in increasing the attitude of female students in facing the pre menstrual syndrome. The results of the study are expected to be information and literature material for further research, health workers are also expected to provide child health counseling.</p>

MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AND COMMON ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS - A BIRD’S EYE VIEW

Menstrual disorders are a common problem in adolescents the world over. Though the onset of menstruation is part of the normal maturation process, Menstrual disorders form the commonest gynecological complaint (45-58 %) among adolescents. The series of natural changes occurring to the uterus and body starting from the first day(1) of periods until the day before next periods can be called as menstrual cycle. It consists of “menstruation” in which inner layers of uterus sheds along with blood, and “ovulation” in which the ovum is released from the ovary. Men- strual hygiene deals with special healthcare needs and requirements of women during monthly menstruation or menstrual cycle. Unhygienic menstruation is the prime cause of menstrual diseases. Abnormalities in menstrual cycle are increased or decreased menstrual flow and increased or decreased intervals between two menstrual cycles. Menstrual abnormalities are common pathological problems associated with women of puberty age, which is en- hanced by disturbed dietary and daily regimens. It requires early attention and interventions to protect them from having undesired health events in the future. In addition to this appropriate Ayurveda medicines are required to bring the body in a balanced state. Here an attempt is made to compile the ideas of Acharya about menstrual health problems for their proper understanding and treatment through Ayurveda- the science which survived the time. Keywords: Normal menstruation, Menstrual hygiene, Adolescent girls, Menstrual disorders, Treatment and pre- vention, Ayurveda, Ritu

Hypertension and Different Levels of Body Mass Index and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Amongst Adolescents

Background Hypertension is an increasingly common problem in adolescents; amongst the associated factors, physical inactivity and obesity are increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Objective To verify whether there is an association between higher blood pressure levels amongst adolescents with the relationship between different levels of body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Method Cross-sectional study consisting of 860 adolescents. Higher blood pressure (BP) was considered as borderline and hypertension as the classification. BMI was categorized as [...]

Five common urological problems affecting adolescent men

Young men can be a challenging group and may resist engagement with health care. It is important that then when they do attend their problem is managed appropriately. This paper gives a background to five common adolescent problems, including tips on how to manage them.

MANAGEMENT OF GRANTHIBHUTA AARTAVA DUSHTI W.S.R. TO PCOD- A CASE REPORT

Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease is a heterogeneous multisystem endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with the ovarian expression of various metabolic disturbances and clinical features like hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and obesity, resulting from insulin resistance and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease is a condition where cysts on the ovaries are present that prevent the ovaries from performing normally. On the basis of ultrasound evaluation there will be presence of peripherally tiny follicles. Clinically the PCOS can be understood based on assessment for Granthibhuta Aartava Dushti. (PCOS) can be correlated with Aartava Kshaya, Arajaska Yonivyapad, Lohitakshaya Yonivyapad, Shushka Yonivyapad and Shandhi Yonivyapad. PCOD affects 5-6 % women in childbearing age and is increasing due to change in lifestyle and stress. It is also becoming the common problem in adolescents. So, the man-agement of PCOD is very helpful when it is done by the way which doesn’t affect other hormonal levels and without any further complications. In Ayurveda there are some medications and treatment protocols which are very helpful to manage the PCOS in such a way that doesn’t affect the health of woman. Also, Ayurvedic management of PCOS gives relief in other features of disease like Obesity. So, here attempt has been made for the management of Granthibhuta Aartava Dushti w.s.r. to PCOD.

Road Crashes in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Risky Driving Behavior

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common problems in adolescents. Risky behaviors in patients with ADHD are due to impaired impulse control resulting from problems with inhibition of proponent responses, controlling interference, and stopping ongoing responses after feedback on errors. The present study investigated the relationship between ADHD and risky driving behavior and the likelihood of car accident in Arak, Iran, in 2015-16. Method : This case-control study was conducted in the Emergency Department of Vali-Asr hospital in Arak (Iran) on drivers who met the inclusion criteria. The data gathering tools included the Demographic Questionnaire, Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ), and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The mean of ADHD (±SD) was higher among cases (81.64 [26.78]) than in controls (64 [24.28], P = 0.000). The mean of risky driving behaviors (±SD) was higher among cases (66.41[26.78]) than in controls (36.79 [25.42]). There was a significant relationship between ADHD, risky behavior, lapse errors, slips, deliberate ‎violation, and unintentional violation and car accident (P = 0.000). Conclusion: This study showed that ADHD increases the risk of road crashes and motor vehicle injuries. These drivers tend to drive at unauthorized speed, have less control over the vehicle, drive more carelessly, and are more likely to have an accident.

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in the Adolescent.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common problem in adolescents. The differential diagnosis varies from pregnancy and infection to anovulation and coagulopathy. Careful history and examination can help elucidate the best next steps for workup and management. Heavy menstrual bleeding is particularly worrisome in this group not only when it occurs at menarche, but also anytime afterward when bleeding lasts longer than 7 days, blood loss is greater than 80 mL per cycle, or other warning signs that indicate a history of heavy bleeding such as anemia. Once conditions of pregnancy, infection, structural abnormalities, and hormonal causes have been ruled out, first-line treatment is medical management with hormonal therapy or nonhormonal options. Invasive measures are a last resort in this patient population, because maintenance of fertility is of critical importance.

Management of Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability After Surgical Stabilization in Children and Adolescents.

Recurrent shoulder instability after stabilization is common in pediatric and adolescent athletes. The purpose of this review is to understand the risk factors that lead to failure of primary surgery and management principles in the setting of recurrent instability following surgical stabilization. Rates of recurrence after primary and revision surgical stabilization remain higher than desirable. Risk factors for failure in include glenoid and humeral bone loss, capsular or ligamentous laxity, and young age though few studies have focused specifically on the adolescent population. Arthroscopic, open, and bone block techniques have been described in this population similar to adults. Failure after a primary shoulder stabilization remains a common problem in adolescents in no small part because a high proportion of these athletes return to high levels of activity. A thorough understanding of the index procedure and patient-specific risk factors for failure are key to successful planning of revision surgery. The current literature does not allow for firm treatment recommendations in individual pediatric or adolescent athletes, but the guiding principles are similar to those in adults. Specifically, all bony and soft tissue pathology should be identified and assessed, with an understanding that simply repeating the steps of the index procedure typically results in poor outcomes, and often an "escalation" of surgical complexity is required at the time of revision. When appropriately indicated, arthroscopic or open soft tissue procedures and Latarjet coracoid transfer can be safely and successfully implemented for revision shoulder stabilization in young athletes.

Prevalence, attitude and practice of self-medication among adolescents and the paradigm of dysmenorrhea self-care management in different countries.

Self-medication (SM) is an important worldwide public health issue affecting children and adolescents. The pattern of SM varies in different communities, affected by factors such as age, sex, income, expense, self-care orientation, educational level and medical knowledge. It is a fairly common practice: for minor health problems, it often provides cheap, rapid, and convenient solutions, outside of the health care system of many countries. Painkillers, antipyretics, cough medicines, cold preparations, dermatological products, nutritional supplements and antibiotics are the drugs most frequently used. Potential risks include incorrect self-diagnosis, improper dosage, inappropriate choice of therapy, masking of severe disease and drug interactions. Lack of awareness of warnings and precautions, storage conditions, the recommended shelf-life and adverse reactions increase the risk of side effects. Little is known about the SM of dysmenorrhea by adolescent girls. Attitudes towards treatment are influenced by cultural, ethnic, and religious factors. Some girls discuss dysmenorrhea with family and friends, and the majority may not seek medical advice. As dysmenorrhea is a common problem for adolescents, it is essential that these girls be aware of the normal and abnormal symptoms of menstruation. In the light of these findings, the roles of family, school, health professionals and health authorities are of utmost importance for the implementation of measures to approach this health problem in a more efficient way. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Life skills training as a promising preventive strategy of self-harm and other common problems in adolescents: low and lower middle-income country perspective

Life skills training as a promising preventive strategy of self-harm and other common problems in adolescents: low and lower middle-income country perspective

A Framework for Identifying Neurobiologically Based Intervention Targets for NSSI

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common problem in adolescents. Recent advances in understanding the neurobiology of NSSI can serve to guide the conceptualization and development of new treatments to address adolescent NSSI. The purpose of this review is to integrate the extant findings from neurobiological NSSI research, with the goal of identifying potential treatment targets. NSSI is associated with disruption across several neurobiological systems, including negative and positive valence, cognitive control, and social processes. These findings provide some groundwork for forming hypotheses about how to target these mechanisms, using psychotherapeutic, psychopharmacological, or neuromodulation approaches. Although the extant neurobiological research on NSSI still faces some limitations, recent advances in knowledge in this area have begun to identify possible treatment targets. Next steps should (a) confirm the relevance of these targets to NSSI using robust methodology, (b) test how these biological markers change with treatment, and (c) utilize these targets in experimental therapeutics research designed to optimize treatment strategies.

Capturing Daily Disease Experiences of Adolescents With Chronic Pain: mHealth-Mediated Symptom Tracking.

BackgroundChronic pain is a common problem in adolescents that can negatively impact all aspects of their health-related quality of life. The developmental period of adolescence represents a critical window of opportunity to optimize and solidify positive health behaviors and minimize future pain-related disability and impaired work productivity. This research focuses on the development and evaluation of a smartphone-based pain self-management app for adolescents with chronic pain.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to characterize (1) the feasibility of deploying a mobile health (mHealth) app (iCanCope) to the personal smartphones of adolescent research participants; (2) adherence to daily symptom tracking over 55 consecutive days; (3) participant interaction with their symptom history; and (4) daily pain-related experiences of adolescents with chronic pain.MethodsWe recruited adolescents aged 15-18 years from 3 Canadian pediatric tertiary care chronic pain clinics. Participants received standardized instructions to download the iCanCope app and use it once a day for 55 days. Detailed app analytics were captured at the user level. Adherence was operationally defined as per the relative proportion of completed symptom reports. Linear mixed models were used to examine the trajectories of daily symptom reporting.ResultsWe recruited 60 participants between March 2017 and April 2018. The mean age of the participants was 16.4 (SD 0.9) years, and 88% (53/60) of them were female. The app was deployed to 98% (59/60) devices. Among the 59 participants, adherence was as follows: low (4, 7%), low-moderate (14, 24%), high-moderate (16, 27%), and high (25, 42%). Most (49/59, 83%) participants chose to view their historical symptom trends. Participants reported pain intensity and pain-related symptoms of moderate severity, and these ratings tended to be stable over time.ConclusionsThis study indicates that (1) the iCanCope app can be deployed to adolescents’ personal smartphones with high feasibility; (2) adolescents demonstrated moderate-to-high adherence over 55 days; (3) most participants chose to view their symptom history; and (4) adolescents with chronic pain experience stable symptomology of moderate severity.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02601755; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02601755 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74F4SLnmc)

Strategies to Improve Insulin Adherence in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

The Pediatric Endocrinology Nursing Society (PENS) is committed to the development and advancement of nurses in the art and science of pediatric endocrinology nursing and to improve the care of all children with endocrine disorders through the education of the pediatric Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a serious health condition with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality, and economic burden (Stanger et al., 2013). Poor medication adherence is a common problem in adolescents with a chronic health condition, resulting in adverse health outcomes (Dean, Walters, & Hall, 2010; Hanghoj & Boisen, 2014). Medication adherence is crucial to survival for the T1DM adolescent and is an important aspect of care to minimize long-term complications. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the incidence of T1DM in adolescents ages 12 to 19 is approximately 1 in 500, with significantly poorer adherence to medication than in adults (Stanger et al., 2013). Adherence is defined as the extent with which a person follows recommendations from the health care provider, and medication adherence is defined as the extent with which a person takes medications as prescribed by the health care practitioner (Dean et al., 2010). Evidence from the pivotal Diabetes Control and Complications Study documents the association between intensive insulin management and good glycemic control (Hood, Peterson, Rohan, & Drotar, 2009). However, the process is difficult for most adolescents, due in part to the changing insulin requirements as a result of puberty and insulin resistance in adolescence, but more importantly due to “the imperfect nature of the treatment regimen, and psychosocial variables” producing a negative effect upon glycemic control (Hood et al., 2009, p. e1172).

Daily pain in adolescents with CF: Effects on adherence, psychological symptoms, and health‐related quality of life

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, life-shortening disease currently treated symptomatically. Among the consequences of daily treatments and long-term progression of the disease is significant discomfort and pain. This study measured pain systematically in adolescents with CF using a pain diary, and evaluated its associations with treatment adherence, psychological symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study was part of a larger, multi-center study. Ninety-five adolescents with a mean age of 15.8 were enrolled. A total of 413 online pain diaries were completed for 6 days following a routine clinic visit. Diaries measured pain intensity, location, duration, affective ratings, and coping responses. Adherence to pulmonary medications was measured using prescription refill data; other measures included ratings of depression, anxiety and HRQOL. Pain was reported by 74.5% of participants, generally in the mild range, averaging 2.1 on a 10-point scale. Daily pain ratings were highly variable both within and between participants. Pain was significantly associated with worse adherence, more psychological distress, and worse HRQOL. Results indicated that pain is a common problem for adolescents with CF and negatively affects their disease management, psychological symptoms and health outcomes. Routine assessment of pain and systematic studies of interventions to treat pain are recommended. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:244-251. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in relation to loneliness in adolescence

Recent research has shown that loneliness, a common problem in adolescence, may have a genetic basis. The evidence, though, was limited mostly to serotonin-related and dopamine-related genes. In the present study, we focused on the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Associations were examined in a longitudinal study spanning five annual waves (N=307). The relations between OXTR and loneliness were examined, as well as interactions between OXTR and sex, parental support, 5-HTTLPR genotype, and DRD2 genotype. Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling, the OXTR genotype was not directly related to loneliness. An OXTR×sex interaction was found. Girls showed a steeper decline in loneliness when they had an A allele compared with girls who were homozygous for the G allele. In addition, a gene-gene interaction or epistasis was observed. Both boys and girls who had at least one A1 allele for the DRD2 gene and also had the GG genotype for the OXTR gene showed stable levels of loneliness over time. The present study is the first to show that the GG genotype for the OXTR gene is linked to the development of loneliness in adolescence and that this association is moderated by participants' sex and their genotype for a dopamine-related gene.

Antihypertensive Prescribing Patterns for Adolescents With Primary Hypertension

Hypertension is an increasingly common problem in adolescents yet current medical management of primary hypertension in adolescents has not been well-described. We identified adolescents with primary hypertension by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes and looked at prescription patterns chronologically for antihypertensive drug class prescribed and the specialty of prescribing physician. We also examined patient demographics and presence of obesity-related comorbidities. During 2003-2008, there were 4296 adolescents with primary hypertension (HTN); 66% were boys; 73% were aged 11 to 14 years; 53% were black, 41% white, and 4% Hispanic; and 48% had obesity-related comorbidity. Twenty-three percent (977) received antihypertensive prescription. White subjects (odds ratio [OR]: 1.61; confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.88), older adolescents (≥15 years, OR: 2.11; CI: 1.79-2.48), and those with comorbidity (OR: 1.57; CI: 1.36-1.82) were more likely to receive antihypertensive prescriptions controlling for gender and years of Medicaid eligibility in logistic regression. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were the most frequently prescribed monotherapy. Nearly two-thirds of adolescents received prescriptions from adult primary care physicians (PCPs) only. More than one-quarter of adolescents who received a prescription received combination therapy, which was most often prescribed by adult PCPs. Adult PCPs were the leading prescribers of antihypertensives for adolescents with primary HTN. Race differences exist in physicians' prescribing of antihypertensives to adolescents with primary HTN. The choice of antihypertensives by physicians of different specialties warrants additional study to understand the underlying rationale for treatment decisions and to determine treatment effectiveness.