Common Opinions Research Articles

Social media users’ perspectives of spinal cord stimulation: an analysis of data sourced from social media

ObjectivesTo identify Reddit users’ viewpoints and inquiries about spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic back pain using Reddit databases.MethodsWe performed a qualitative analysis of public, anonymous threads and comments from...

Évaluation des CAR-Tcells par la Commission de la transparence de la Haute Autorité de santé (2018–23)

CAR-T cells are genetically modified T lymphocytes expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), delivered via gene transfer vectors to the patient's T lymphocytes.Six products based on CAR-T cells in the field of hematological malignancies have been evaluated by the Transparency Commission (CT) of the French National Authority of Health (HAS) since 2018 corresponding to 11 common law opinions. All of these reimbursement requests received a favorable opinion with significant medical benefit (SMR). Between 2018 and 2021, despite the lack of comparative data, the CT has recognized progress by granting level III or IV added value (ASMR). As of 2021, the majority of CAR-T cells have got ASMR level V, reflecting high uncertainty about the relative effectiveness of these therapies. More recently, the CT was able to evaluate CAR-T cells presenting robust phase III data which lead to levels III to IV ASMR. Finally, since the implementation of the early access reform on July 1, 2021, HAS has authorized all the products evaluated.The evaluation of CAR-T cells continues in real-life, in particular through the French DESCAR-T registry. It remains essential to have randomized controlled trials that make it possible to overcome selection bias and assess the real added value of these therapies.

The importance of multiculturalism in the modern educational system

Relevance. Considering globalisation, migration processes, and interdependent cultural development, the discussion about the importance of multicultural education for children and youth is an essential and relevant academic issue to explore in our times. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of importance of educational multiculturalism for the educational system based on the main views on the above factor. Methodology. To accomplish the tasks set, the authors used the methods of general scientific research (analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalisation), as well as the method of forecasting. Results. To fulfill this study's purpose, interviews with educational and political figures from various European countries were examined, selecting those that would specifically address multiculturalism and the educational process, as well as provide information on the issue of multiculturalism in education. The analysis identified common opinions on racial and intercultural differences and highlighted key obstacles to implementing a multicultural approach in European schools. As a result of the study, the authors proposed solutions, including advanced training for educators on interethnic relations and cultural diversity, and involving staff from different ethnic backgrounds in education. The study presented a survey sample (a questionnaire) as one of the ways to achieve a positive result from the educational strategy under study. Conclusions. This study has identified the main components that are important for culturally tolerant education (teaching). As a result, a conclusion was made about the objective advantages of involving multicultural approaches in the modern educational process. The practical significance of this study is in identifying ways to incorporate a culturally tolerant approach into the educational process, which can lead to overall improvement. Additionally, the authors' methods can be utilized by both novice teachers and experienced educators aiming to enhance their effectiveness. Keywords: globalization; migration; interethnic dialogue; ethnic diversity; educational process

The role of ataluren in the treatment of ambulatory and non-ambulatory children with nonsense mutation duchenne muscular dystrophy - a consensus derived using a modified Delphi methodology in Eastern Europe, Greece, Israel and Sweden.

This paper details the results of an evaluation of the level of consensus amongst clinicians on the use of ataluren in both ambulatory and non-ambulatory patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD). The consensus was derived using a modified Delphi methodology that involved an exploration phase and then an evaluation phase. The exploration phase involved 90-minute virtual 1:1 interviews of 12 paediatric neurologists who cared for 30-120 DMD patients each and had patient contact every one or two weeks. The respondents managed one to ten nmDMD patients taking ataluren. The Discussion Guide for the interviews can be viewed as Appendix A. Following the exploration phase interviews, the interview transcripts were analysed by an independent party to identify common themes, views and opinions and developed 43 draft statements that the Steering Group (authors) reviewed, refined and endorsed a final list of 42 statements. Details of the recruitment of participants for the exploration and evaluation phases can be found under the Methods section. A consensus was agreed (> 66% of respondents agreeing) for 41 of the 42 statements using results from a consensus survey of healthcare professionals (n = 20) experienced in the treatment of nmDMD. The statements with a high consensus suggest that treatment with ataluren should be initiated as soon as possible to delay disease progression and allow patients to remain ambulatory for as long as possible. Ataluren is indicated for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy that results from a nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene, in ambulatory patients aged 2 years and older (see Summary of Product Characteristics for each country).

Current challenges in accessibility to ophthalmological care in Ukraine.

Aim: The purpose of the study is to identify challenges in the organization and access to ophthalmic services through the analysis of expert opinion of practitioners and government officials. Materials and Methods: Materials developed during expert interviews with practitioners and government officials were used in the study. We also used materials worked out within the project ID 22120107 supported by Visegrad Fund. Conclusions: Despite all the challenges in access to high-quality ophthalmology services, practitioners and government officials have common opinions on how to improve the organization of eye services, how to make care more inclusive and effective, so that the development of blindness and visual impairment does not cause a burden on the state and society.

КРИПТОВАЛЮТА КАК ФЕНОМЕН ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The purpose of the article is to study crypto currency as a product of development and a phenomenon of the digital economy. The article determines that the most common definition of this as a means of payment, crypto currency is digital money that does not have physical expression and exists in the digital environment. They are based on block chain technology, which serves to ensure transactions and their security. In a certain sense, we can consider that crypto currency is a modern analogue of the physical money that we use in everyday life. In the modern world, digital assets carry hidden capabilities in terms of circumventing existing sanctions, combating inflation and devaluation within many countries. Although crypto currency has not yet been fully integrated into the international financial sector, it is already having a significant impact on financial markets, which could play a significant role in the future of the international economy. It is concluded that crypto currency, as a product of the digital economy, is a complex mechanism in its structure, which is aimed not only at understanding the very technological base of the crypto currency industry in terms of the versatility of the tools and concepts included in it, but also in attempts to establish a unified international partnership in terms of discussing possible concepts and common opinions. One way or another, while creating great opportunities for financial transformation and adaptation of new technologies, crypto currency also carries great risks and difficulties associated with legal regulation.

Using the Culture Diamond Model to Analyze the Relations between the Artists on Audiences through Music Videos under Vietnamese Social Context Based on Case Study MV “There’s No One At All”: Perspective from Students at FPT University

The parasocial contact between artists/creators and audiences is partly established and maintained by media products. Media products such as music videos (MVs) and songs may contain not only the creators’ experiences but also their ideals, philosophy, and enthusiasm. Media products provide a means for audiences to approach admired icons. Audiences can comprehend the message and value the artist wants to impart. However, external factors such as cultural and social context may impact the process of generating music videos and perceiving the message from the creator(s). Sometimes, the messages of creators may not be consumed, or accepted in ways that the creators wish, causing controversy in social and public contexts. This paper aims at testing the relations in Vietnam’s social context through the case study MV "There's No One At All" performed by Son Tung M-TP. The MV was removed in Vietnam since its contents are accused of being "contrary to national norms and customs, negatively harming religion, ethics, public health, and psychosocial," regardless that Son Tung M-TP is one of the singers with the largest fan base in Vietnam currently. The authors use Griswold’s Cultural Diamond Model (CDM) as a theoretical framework and conduct a survey to collect perspectives from 257 Vietnamese youth who are studying at FPT University to understand their thinking and feelings about the MV and compare the findings with what the signers wanted to convey through the MV and common opinions regarding the MV. The findings show that more than half of the responses agreed that the MV's image, content, and lyrics contained negative, suicidal elements. However, nearly a quarter of the respondents accepted the appropriate positive message that Son Tung desired to convey. This study is one of the very first studies that test whether the CDM is applicable in Vietnamese culture and society and plays a milestone in studying the relationship between famous artists and mass audiences in Vietnam’s entertainment industry.

Perception Analysis of Indian TV Reality Shows: Perspective of Viewers

Newspapers, popular magazines, radio, and television are examples of mass media that influence and reach enormous audiences. Television is a significant and powerful medium for mass communication. People are facilitated by television's moving pictures, which also demand attention and ultimately impact people's attitudes and actions. Audiences today prefer watching live reality shows to watching dramatic, emotionally charged television. Research of the perception analysis of Indian TV Reality programmes The Perspective of the Viewers is offered in order to comprehend the common opinions of the audiences regarding the impact of Reality TV shows on Society and their viewership. Non-fiction and fiction are the There are two primary categories of television material, each of which has multiple subcategories. Reality programmes are presented as entertainment content in the non-fiction genre, as opposed to enacted fictional events. The road to fame and fortune may be made easier by taking part in TV shows. Via Television Rating Points (TRP) and support across multiple social media platforms, controversies can reach a big audience. Channels can use viewer’s emotions in both beneficial and harmful ways. Many viewers do not understand the producers intent. The authenticity of reality TV shows has been a topic of discussion. Hence, in the current study, an effort has been made to understand how viewers view the programming elements employed in TV shows. A study was conducted in India among people between the ages of 16 and 50. As viewers frequently engage in them, get more enjoyment from the content, and enjoy them, it proves that reality television shows have a substantial impact on society.

An Exploration/Investigation of General Practitioners’ and General Practice Nurses’ Opinions on Physical Activity Promotion to their Patients in Ireland

Chronic disease rates are increasing globally, this is partially attributable to the global epidemic of physical inactivity. Physical activity promotion in primary care is regarded as the best approach for combating chronic disease. This study investigated the common beliefs and opinions among general practitioners and nurses on promoting physical activity to patients in Ireland. This research took a mixed-methods approach consisting of an online questionnaire (n=79) and semi-structured interviews (n=8). Lack of time, expertise, cohesiveness, referral pathways, and exercise professionals were the main barriers to physical activity promotion experienced. A small minority (7.6%) of participants were trained in exercise prescription, and 40.5% had knowledge of a local exercise professional. Furthermore, the research indicated that 70.2% of GPs and 86.4% of GP nurses did not provide an exercise referral. Physical activity promotion in primary care needs a cohesive approach. Involving an exercise professional is crucial to help facilitate to aid physical activity promotion

Fizik Öğretiminde Yaşam Temelli Öğrenme Kullanımının Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Konuları Gerçek Yaşamla İlişkilendirme Düzeylerine Etkisi

In the study, the effect of using context-based learning by the pre-service science teachers in teaching physics on their levels of associating the subjects with real-life was explored. According to this purpose, the associating levels of the pre-service teachers, educated with the context-based learning, with physics lesson, which is thought to be directly interrelated with mathematic, and with music and sports lessons, which are not thought to be very related have been investigated. In the study, the applications were carried out with 30 pre-service science teachers, studying at the fourth class of the university, for one year. The study was experimental and the single-group pre-test post-test design, which is considered within the scope of weak experimental designs, in which data are examined considering effects of the experimental procedure on a single group using pre-test and post-test, were used. The data were collected with the help of open-ended questionnaires on context-based learning applications of learning areas. These questionnaires were prepared to determine the knowledge and developments of the participant pre-service teachers about the relationship between physics and real-life before and after the activities. The questionnaire prepared in line with the common opinions of the four science researchers with knowledge of qualitative researches consisted of the question as " Does the ……. learning area has the relationship with the real-life? If there is, write down all the usage areas you know and explain how it is used." At the end of the study, we found out that the pre-service science teachers associated the physics subjects with daily life easier, created new contexts and became aware of relationships that they were not aware of before. It can be claimed the skills of being aware of the physics in daily events, interpreting the events in terms of physics and understanding and interpreting the application areas of the laws of physics were developed.

The status of generic structure in expert opinions. Insights from a comparative analysis of American, Russian and Bulgarian documents

This paper attempts to describe expert opinions from a comparative and genre-based perspective. It addresses the central question of whether expert opinions follow any specific rhetorical and organizational patterns and the extent to which these may have been imposed by the respective judicial institutions in Russia, Bulgaria and the USA. After reviewing the institutional contexts and constraints imposed on experts and their opinions, the analysis focuses on exploring the status of generic structure in three sets of documents: US common law opinions, Russian and Bulgarian civil law opinions. The concept of ‘generic model’ has been approached from the perspective of Genre Analysis using the model of ‘rhetorical moves’ (Swales 1990; Tardy & Swales 2014). The analyses have revealed that expert witnesses can be described in terms of individual text segments, each with distinct rhetorical or communicative purpose(s). While most identified text segments are shared by all the opinions, irrespective of the legal system, the major difference is that the generic structures of Russian and Bulgarian opinions are strictly regulated by law, which results in increased levels of detail and conventionality. In contrast, the discourse community of American experts has much more leeway in shaping the conventions of the genre, as long as the experts take account of the general standards contained in the Federal Rules of Evidence. American opinions reflect not only the expertise of their authors but also their individual style.

ПРИНЦИП БЕСКОНФЛИКТНОСТИ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

The article formulates the principle of conflict-free language communication that grounds in effective conceptual interaction of its participants and determines its effectiveness. Considering it strictly within the linguistic context the author posits a conflict-free communication as normal communication, excluding contradictory, ambiguous functional interpretation of language unit semantics, as well as undesirable inferences and implications evoked by hearer’s processing the information received in linguistic form. The analysis of factors ensuring conflict-free communication results in reasoning that the most important among them is alignment of the communication participants’ conceptual systems that means their sharing general and professional knowledge by its volume and structure, having common world views, opinions, and evaluation criteria, as well as normative use of lexical units, phraseology, and grammar. The research discloses cognitive and language strategies and tactics of conflict-free communication through the analysis of mechanisms and specific means of meaning creation and interpretation used by the participants, by listing language ways of avoiding ambiguous meaning interpretations related to possible negative implications and inferences.

Market-oriented approaches to higher education in the 1390s

The marketization of higher education is a set of structures, procedures, and practices that make the university system more and more subject to the requirements of the market. In this article, in the beginning, we tried to describe the dimensions of this marketization and show at what levels it operates. An important level of marketization practices includes theoretical and academic justifications, which we mentioned as market-oriented approaches. In this article, we classified these theoretical practices to justify marketization in Iranian universities in the framework of several specific approaches: 1) indigenous Islamism, 2) Radical market orientation, 3) Developmental market orientation, and 4) Expedients market orientation. We traced these approaches in the works of leading academic figures and showed that although the place of the first three approaches is in the university, in a part of the fourth approach there is a mediator through which these academic approaches reach the structure of administrative institution (government) and legislating institution (Parliament) has an effect. This mediator has been filled by those whom we mentioned as "bureaucratic Agents". We tried to explain the effect of this mediator through the review of some policy-making texts. In this article, we have used documentary and meta-analysis methods. We have tried to show to what extent market-oriented approaches are rooted and widespread among expert opinions, academic research and analysis, and common beliefs and opinions in Iranian universities.

Developing Global Competences via University Internationalization Activities—A Comparative Analysis of Business Students’ Opinions before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis

For the last two years the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the main activities in higher education institutions (HEIs), including teaching activities and internationalization activities, activities that are directly involved in the development of student graduates’ competences. The present study analyzes the perceptions of students on the results of a university’s internationalization activities, in terms of competences they develop at two different moments in time: before the pandemic and during the pandemic. The research started in 2019, before the pandemic, having as objective to identify how various types of competences are associated with HEIs’ internationalization activities. Once the pandemic started and given the changes in the activities of HEIs, it was of interest to see what the perceptions of students were of the contribution of different HEIs’ internationalization activities to the development of their competences in the new conditions. Therefore, the present research has the purpose of investigating if the perceptions of students on the types of competences the university develops through its internationalization activities before the pandemic are different from their perceptions on the development of the same competences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the conditions of modified international activities. This can help universities to decide on possible changes needed in their activities (given the fast-changing environment) in order to support the development of competences for their students. Two quantitative studies were organized in Romania. The first was conducted in 2019 with 148 students in the terminal year of bachelor studies at a particular business faculty in Bucharest. In order to see if there were shifts in the opinions of students about how the university contributes to the development of their competences in the new COVID-19 context and the new forms in which higher education took place, the research was replicated at the beginning of 2022 with 179 students in the terminal year at the same business faculty. The results show both different and common opinions of the two analyzed groups of students (before and during the pandemic) regarding the role of the business university’s activities in providing specific, generic and global competencies that are demanded in the national and international labor markets. The paper contributes theoretically by extending the HE literature on the developments of skills and competences for students and graduates and also by extending the literature on changes determined in HE by the COVID-19 crisis. The research also has practical implications for universities willing to offer sustainable education by better adapting their strategies for the development of various competences for their students in the continuously changing environment and uncertain situations determined by the COVID-19 crisis, for example, the need for universities to offer special course content, new courses and events focused on the most recent international events in all spheres of activity.

외국어고등학교 사회통합전형 학생들의 학교경험에 대한 질적 연구

Objectives This study is to present the actual educational effect of the social integration admission policy in foreign language high school and to suggest the complementary points in the operation process. Methods A qualitative study was conducted on the experiences of school life and the meaning of those experiences for 7 students of social integration screening at K (pseudonym name) foreign language high school located in Gyeonggi-do, and data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Results On the social integration admission policy of foreign language high school, all seven students expressed common opinions, such as the admission preparation process affected by the student's growth environment and surrounding cases, stable boarding life, educational welfare policy to comfort me, satisfaction with internal growth, and confidence in foreign language ability as graduates. Conclusions It was confirmed that the social integration admission policy of foreign language high school had the following positive effects on students in the admission process, school life, and after graduation. First, the interest of families and teachers in the admission process and the cases of going to school around them play an important role, but private education for admission was unnecessary. Second, they had a positive perception of Korea's educational welfare through the school's boarding life that supplements the vulnerability of the family in the school life and the financial and cultural benefits that support the vulnerable. Finally, as an influence after graduation, they were satisfied with their college entrance performance and internal growth through the curriculum and school system, and their academic confidence increased in college. Through these results, the complementary points of the social integration admission policy were proposed.

High-current density alkaline electrolyzers: The role of Nafion binder content in the catalyst coatings and techno-economic analysis.

We report high-current density operating alkaline (water) electrolyzers (AELs) based on platinum on Vulcan (Pt/C) cathodes and stainless-steel anodes. By optimizing the binder (Nafion ionomer) and Pt mass loading (mPt) content in the catalysts coating at the cathode side, the AEL can operate at the following (current density, voltage, energy efficiency -based on the hydrogen higher heating value-) conditions (1.0A cm-2, 1.68 V, 87.8%) (2.0A cm-2, 1.85 V, 79.9%) (7.0A cm-2, 2.38 V, 62.3%). The optimal amount of binder content (25wt%) also ensures stable AEL performances, as proved through dedicated intermittent (ON-OFF) accelerated stress tests and continuous operation at 1A cm-2, for which a nearly zero average voltage increase rate was measured over 335h. The designed AELs can therefore reach proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer-like performance, without relying on the use of scarce anode catalysts, namely, iridium. Contrary to common opinions, our preliminary techno-economic analysis shows that the Pt/C cathode-enabled high-current density operation of single cell AELs can also reduce substantially the impact of capital expenditures (CAPEX) on the overall cost of the green hydrogen, leading CAPEX to operating expenses (OPEX) cost ratio <10% for single cell current densities ≥0.8A cm-2. Thus, we estimate a hydrogen production cost as low as $2.06 kgH2 -1 for a 30 years-lifetime 1MW-scale AEL plant using Pt/C cathodes with mPt of 150μg cm-2 and operating at single cell current densities of 0.6-0.8A cm-2. Thus, Pt/C cathodes enable the realization of AELs that can efficiently operate at high current densities, leading to low OPEX while even benefiting the CAPEX due to their superior plant compactness compared to traditional AELs.

Women's Rape in Iraq between Legislation and Social Norms: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Recently, women's rape has been a pervasive problem in the Iraqi society. Thus, it has become necessary to consider the role of language and its influence on the common beliefs and opinions about rape in the Iraqi society. Thus, taking into consideration the critical role of language and its impact on the perception of human reality and the social development based on people's beliefs and principles of life has become highly indispensable. Therefore. The aim of this article is to address this problem critically from legislation and social norms in NGOs' reports (2015; 2019) with reference to some provisions from the Iraqi Panel Code (1969; 2010). Therefore, the researchers examine the discursive strategies and ideological viewpoints in the selected data through the employment of critical discourse analysis. Specifically, the researchers have adopted van Dijk's (2011) socio-cognitive approach and van Dijk's (2000) ideological model to show how language produces and reproduces domination and abuse of power, engendering as a result injustice and inequality. The study has concluded that the NGOs' reports are written in a language that reflects the attitudes and opinions which might be shared among group members. These reports rely heavily on the linguistic device that is of evidentiality to assure the credibility of giving evidence about the domination of social norms in relation to women's rape. More importantly, the dichotomy of positive and negative representation is highly adopted as an ideological strategy, showing the conflict between the legislation and social norms. Therefore, the study has recommended that the government in its legal institutions should provide provisions to protect the raped women from society and from their families.

Repurposing Positive SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test Devices for Variant Tracking.

From the very beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, one of the very few common opinions was that to control the expansion of the virus as many as the possible test had to be done. Antigen tests, being affordable and easy and fast to use, represented a great opportunity to expand the testing capacities of many healthcare systems. However, in 2021 with the appearance of the new SARS-CoV-2 variants, variant tracking strategies had to be implemented, which often included needing a second test to determine the variant of the patients diagnosed with antigen tests or not taking these samples into consideration at all. Therefore, we proposed recovering the positive antigen test devices to include them in our routine variant tracking strategy. The recovered positive antigen test devices obtained from 1st April 2021 to 15the January 2022 were analysed following the variant tracking protocol in force. The results obtained were compared to the positive samples detected by RT-PCR which were processed for variant tracking during the same period. 21,304 samples were processed, 6297 from the recovered positive antigen devices and 15,007 from the standard nasopharyngeal swabs. Only 773 (3.63%) samples were no conclusive, 104 (1.65%) from the recovered antigen devices and 669 (4.46%) from the RT-PCR positive group. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Taking this into account the proposed method is suitable and very recommendable, as it is an important measure to have a better and immediate picture of the circulating variants in every community.

GİYSİ UYGULAMALARINDA TASARIM İŞBİRLİKLERİNİN ÖNEMİ

The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of design collaborations that allow common action, sharing and development in clothing practices that are collaboratively carried out by different designers. For this purpose, the study is carried out at two stages. The first stage of the study involves a literature review that allows the understanding of the topic from a theoretical and conceptual perspective, source interviews and personal photography archives. At the second stage, a ‘capsule collection’ where the designers conducting the study use their independent ideas in design-related processes but act collaboratively in the process of design decision-making is prepared. Three authentic clothing designs included in the collection are discussed in a manner where art acts as a source for fashion, and the theme of the study is structured on the topic of “sustainability”. The traditional fabric called ‘Şile bezi’ is used as the material in the collection, and thus, the sustainability aspect of this weave is also examined. Based on the implementation results where the common conclusions of the designers who participate in the study, it is observed that design collaborations enrich the elements that are used in the design, new and unique ideas emerge, and by sharing the professional knowledge that is gained, existing talents are effectively used, and potential design risks are minimized. According to the result emerging from the design processes of the collection and the common opinions of the designers conducting the study, it is emphasized that new collections may be developed by expanding the scope of the study with new collaborations in which different designers will participate with regional-local brands.

Impact of rape-myths on judiciary proceedings: A lack of acknowledgement in the European Court of Human Rights case-law

Rape myths can be defined as prejudicial, stereotyped or false beliefs about rape, rape victims, and rapists, and they include common opinions whereby women mean “yes” when they say “no”; women provoke rape; if a woman does not want to be raped, she will just fight back at any cost. These pervasive social attitudes can have a detrimental effect on victims of sexual violence, especially when employed by authorities during official proceedings. As such, this article aims at analyzing to what extent rape myths affect the perception of victims of sexual violence during the official proceedings on the example of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Thus the first part explains the notion of rape myths, while the second part provides an analysis of the jurisprudence of the ECHR. Lastly, the final part suggests new approach to cases concerning sexual violence.