Common Mite Species Research Articles

Identification of Mites in Wild Rats in Simpang Limun Traditional Wet Market Area, Medan - Indonesia

Background: Among human diseases are infectious diseases transmitted by animals to humans, called zoonoses. Rats carry ectoparasites that act as biological vectors in the transmission of zoonoses. Mites are ectoparasites of rats that cause various zoonoses, namely murine typhus, rat mite dermatitis, and others. The study aims to identify species of wild rats in the study area based on their morphology and presentation of mite-infected rats and mite species in wild rats in Simpang Limun traditional wet market in Medan, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling technique. Primary data were collected in the Simpang Limun traditional wet market area of Medan, namely in the first area; M. Nawi Harahap Street, and the second area; Kemiri I Street. Every afternoon for four consecutive days, ten baited rat traps were deployed in each area. The captured rats were anesthetized, identified, and examined for mites by combing and then identified under a microscope. Results: From 65 total wild rat samples, the majority of species found was Rattus tanezumi 60 (92.3%), followed by Rattus norvegicus 5 (7.7%). The identified mite species were Laelaps echidninus (84.5%) and Laelaps nuttalli (15.5%). Conclusion: Nearly all of the wild rats found were of Rattus tanezumab species, and the most common mite species identified was Laelaps echinus in Medan's Simpang Limun traditional wet market area. This has a significant medical impact, resulting in increased potential for zoonosis transmission and indirectly to the surrounding residents in Medan's Simpang Limun traditional wet market area.

Interpretation of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3 Concentartions in Sheep with Naturally Occurring Sarcoptic Mange

Sarcoptes scabiei is probably the most common mite species in domestic animals. There is lack of evidence showing the current status of vitamin d reserves in sarcoptic mange infested sheep. Therefore the aim of the present study was to analyze serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 concentration among sheep with scabies. Microscopical examination of deep skin scrapings to those of 28 sheep presenting alopecia, crusting, lichenification and scaling showed presence of sarcoptic mange. Serum 25 OH D3 levels among infested sheep showed a statisticaly significant difference in sheep with sarcoptic mange (group I 25.53±13.30 mg/dl) in contrast to group II control sheep (84.70 ± 21.11 mg/dl). In conclusion vitamin d deficiency must be taken into consideration in scabeietic sheep which should requires vitamin d treatment promptly at correct dosages.

Insights on plant mite occurrence in natural vegetation remnants from Brazil <br /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true"

Brazil is a mega-diverse country, yet several invertebrate groups remain poorly-known. In order to assess the current state of knowledge about species that dwell on natural vegetation and highlight the main taxonomic patterns in these studies we reviewed biological surveys for plant mites in remnants of natural vegetation of Brazil. We found 35 publications of plant mites in natural ecosystems encompassing 75 sites in 51 municipalities and 13 states. Altogether we compiled 453 mite species belonging to 181 genera and 40 families. The most diverse families were Phytoseiidae (115), Tarsonemidae (60) and Tetranychidae (52), however, only 216 mite species (47.6%) were identified to species level. Among the 10 most diverse mite families, Phytoseiidae was the most taxonomically well-known family in natural systems (87.82% identified to species level) while Ascidae was the most problematic (only 6.2%). The most common mite species was Euseius citrifolius Denmark and Muma (Phytoseiidae), which was recorded at 35 sites. The number of mites recorded in Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Amazon were 191, 70 and 18 species, respectively. Our analysis suggests a high degree of subsampling of plant mite species for all Brazilian biomes, which hold great potential for possessing high species richness of plant mites, including several undescribed species. We corroborate previous studies that highlight the limited knowledge about mite diversity in Brazilian natural vegetation, and recommend that major efforts be made to more accurately assess the true plant mite diversity in remnants of natural vegetation in Brazil.

Correlation Between Serum and Salivary House Dust Mite Specific Immunoglobulins in Allergic Rhinitis (AR) Patients and Non-Allergic Rhinitis Matched Controls

Background and objectives: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterised by inflammation of the nasal mucosa associated with IgE mediated immune response to specific allergens. Studies have shown that the most commonly implicated aeroallergens in AR are house dust mites. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and Blomia tropicalis (Bt) are the three most common mite species in Malaysia. Previous studies have reported the presence of high IgE and non-IgE antibodies in both serum and saliva samples of AR patients, but the correlation between them is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the levels and correlation of mite specific IgE and IgA against D. farinae and B. tropicalis in serum and salivary samples of AR patients and nonallergic rhinitis matched controls. Methods: A total of 205 adults were studied, they included 103 with AR and 102 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Among the 103 AR patients, 20 had concomitant asthma. Indirect ELISA was used to measure the levels of serum and salivary IgE and IgA respectively. Results: Correlation between the serum and salivary antibody levels was analysed using Spearman correlation test, while the differences between groups were analysed using Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal Wallis test. Serum IgE and IgA levels against D. farinae and B. tropicalis were higher in AR patients. Salivary IgA against D. farinae and salivary IgE against B. tropicalis were significantly higher in AR patients. Serum and salivary IgE levels were positively correlated with serum and salivary IgA levels in AR subjects against both mite species. There was no significant difference in antibodies levels between asthmatic AR and non-asthmatic AR to both mite species in serum and saliva samples. Antibodies levels were not correlated with severity of signs and symptoms in AR patients. Conclusion: The presence of high IgA level in saliva might be a potential investigation tool to test for allergic rhinitis when blood sampling is not an option.

House Dust Mites in Erzincan Province.

We aimed to determine the species of the house dust mites seen in Erzincan, the number of mites per gram of dust in the houses, and the relationship between temperature and the number of mite specimens. For this purpose, 54 dust samples collected from 18 houses located in different districts of Erzincan province between November 2013 and January 2014. These samples were examined by a lactic acid precipitation method. Of the houses in which the dust samples were collected, 94.44% were found to be positive in terms of mites. A total of 844 mite specimens were isolated from the dust samples, and the mean number of mites per gram of dust was found to be 18.34. The most common species was found to be Acarus siro (55.55%) and was followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (50.00%), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (22.22%), Histiostoma sp. (22.22%), Lepidoglyphus destructor (16.66%), T. perniciosus(11.11%), Euroglyphus maynei (11.11%), Glycyphagus privatus (11.11%), Cheyletus sp. (11.11%), Tarsonemus sp. (11.11%), and Tetranychus sp. (11.11%). Mite-holding rate of the houses in Erzincan province was found to be 94.44%. The mean number of mites per gram of dust was found to be 18.34. The most common mite species was A. siro, which was followed by D. pteronyssinus.

Structure and interactions in a cave guano–soil continuum community

Bat guano represents an important food resource for cave-dwelling organisms, hosting up to entire communities in a single deposit. Sampling conducted in guano and its interface with the adjacent soil revealed a wide variation in physicochemical parameters (nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, pH and moisture) along that continuum. The invertebrate orders that showed the greatest abundance and species richness were: Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes, all belonging to subclass Acari. The results clearly showed that mite species are the most abundant group in guano deposits. Such species can directly or indirectly feed on this food resource. The abiotic factors of the guano significantly explained some community parameters. Furthermore, moisture was the parameter that best explained the abundance distribution for the most common mite species. Lastly, a trophic web of the most abundant species in the guano was devised based on literature data, interspecies correlation, preferences for microhabitats and abundance rates of the populations. It was possible to observe that the temporal changes in the guano deposit determine a successional process in the community, including the trophic web structure.

Mites Phoretic onIps pini(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Wisconsin Red Pine Stands

AbstractWe sampled the bark beetle Ips pini (Say) in Wisconsin red pine stands to describe its phoretic mite community. Nearly 78% of adult beetles carried phoretic mites, with an average of 12.78 ± 0.76 individuals and 1.69 ± 0.05 species per beetle. Phoretic mites from flying beetles represented over 13 families. Five species of mites showed relatively close associations, being present on at least 10% of adult beetles. The most common mite species included one from each of the major guilds on bark beetles, the scavenger/fungivore Histiostoma spp. (41.5% of beetles), the egg predator Iponemus confusus (Lindquist) (41.1% of beetles) and the nematode predator Dendrobebps quadrisetus (Berlese) (32.8% of beetles). Beetles in northern Wisconsin had more diverse phoretic mite communities than those in central or southern Wisconsin. Beetles collected late in the season (July-August) carried more individuals and species of mites than those collected early in the season (May-June). The method we used to collect live bark beetles may be useful for other studies requiring fine-scale quantification of symbionts, such as bacteria, fungi, and nematodes.

The feather mite (Astigmata) fauna of some passerine birds (Passeriformes) in the south of Western Siberia

Feather mites (Astigmata) are specialized parasites living on the plumage and skin of birds. The paper presents data on infestation of some passerines (Passeriformes) by feather mites in the south of Western Siberia (Omsk and Tyumen Provinces). We found 24 species of feather mites belonging to the families Analgidae, Dermoglyphidae, Pteronyssidae, Trouessartiidae, and Proctophyllodidae on 16 bird species. Among them, 19 species are common parasites of the passerine birds examined; five species were detected on atypical hosts. Ten mite species were recorded for the first time on the passerine species examined. Analysis of the distribution of abundant and common mite species on their hosts has demonstrated that the majority of the bird parasites possess a specific distribution pattern in the host plumage with preference for certain feather types. We have also obtained new data on host associations of several mite species.

The Rhagidiidae (Acari: Prostigmata) in NW Lapland: Could their assemblages be climate warming monitors related to environmental and habitat patterns?

Fifteen species of Palearctic and Holarctic Rhagidiidae inhabit the polar Fennoscandian mountain birch forest and tundra, but additional taxa are expected to be discovered. Their assemblages comprise 5–10 species. Of these, Rhagidia gigas , R. diversicolor and Poecilophysis pratensis are the most abundant and widely distributed in the forested subalpine (480–600 m a.s.l.) and transitional (500–650 m a.s.l.) altitudinal zones while Poecilophysis pseudoreflexa and Rhagidia longiseta are found in the low-(600–800 m a.s.l.) and mid-(800–960 m a.s.l.), and Rhagidia parvilobata in the high alpine (960–1025 m a.s.l.) zones. Ten species of the rhagidiid mites are common in the Fennoscandian tundra as well as the alpine tundra of the Ötztal Alps, North Tyrol. Patterns of richness and diversity in this group of mites are different in different altitudinal zones in NW Lapland and the Ötztal Alps. In contrast to the Alps, no endemic species were detected in Fennoscandia. The different altitudinal niches of most common mite species overlap, but some species of mites in the subalpine forest and the high alpine zone are altitudinal vegetation belt-specific and occupy different niches. Some species of mites are rare in all altitudinal vegetation belts. Rhagidia diversicolor , R. gigas , Poecilophysis pratensis and P. pseudoreflexa exhibited sufficient abundance, habitat and elevational specificity to be useful as indicator species of the subalpine to transitional as well as the low alpine to middle alpine altitudinal zones, respectively. Rhagidia parvilobata and Poecilophysis saxonica are indicators of the high alpine zone. Abundant species from the low subalpine forested zone as well as the high alpine zone are proposed as potential monitors for direct and indirect impact of climate warming. Summit mite invaders detecting current impact of climate warming were not discovered in the high alpine zone of the Fennoscandian oroboreal tundra.

House dust mites on skin, clothes, and bedding of atopic dermatitis patients

Atopic dermatitis is a common allergic condition in children, often associated with a positive skin reaction to house dust mite allergens. To determine the presence of house dust mites on the skin, clothes, and bedding of patients with atopic dermatitis. Nineteen patients with atopic dermatitis were examined during a 2-year period. Samples from affected and healthy skin surfaces were obtained with adhesive tape, and dust samples from bedding and clothes were collected with a vacuum cleaner at the start of the study and 3-6 weeks later, and examined for the presence of house dust mites. The findings were compared with those of 21 healthy controls. The most common mite species on skin were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, which were found in nine patients and three controls. The patient group showed a significantly larger percentage of samples with mites than did the control group (34.9% and 7.9%, respectively) (P < 0.001), and a significantly larger percentage of individuals with at least one positive sample (84.2% and 14.2%, respectively) (P < 0.0001). No correlation was found between the number of mites on the skin and clothes/bedding of patients, or between patients and controls with regard to the number of mites on the clothes and bedding. Patients with atopic dermatitis showed a higher prevalence of mites on their skin than did healthy individuals, which could be involved in allergic sensitization and disease exacerbation.

Mite (Acari) fauna in apple orchards of around the Lake Van basin of Turkey

Summary Phytophagous and predatory mite species were determined in apple orchards in Van Lake basin (Turkey) during 2002-2004. Totally, eighteen mite species belonging to six families, Tetranychidae, Eriophyidae, Tenuipalpidae, Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae and Tydeidae, were identified on the apple orchards. It was found that Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is the most common and important pest species while Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae) are the most common predatory mite species in the apple orchards of the region.

Effect of sex, size, and age of commensal rat hosts on the infestation parameters of their ectoparasites in a rural area of Egypt.

The present study was carried out in the Bilbeis area, Sharqiya Governorate, Egypt. A total of 127 male and 115 female black rats Rattus rattus and 124 male and 153 female Norway rats R. norvegicus was collected during the study period. A total of 20,643 and 40,997 ectoparasites was recovered from R. rattus and R. norvegicus, respectively. Three common mite species were recovered from both rat hosts: Ornithonyssus bacoti, Radfordia ensifera, and Laelaps nuttalli. Three common flea species were also recovered from both rat hosts: Echidnophaga gallinacea, Leptopsylla segnis, and Xenopsylla cheopis. Polyplax spinulosa was the only louse species that infested both rat hosts. Rats that lived more than 12 mo formed about 24 and 14% of the populations of the black and Norway rats, respectively. The prevalences and general indices of many ectoparasites were significantly higher on males than on females of both rat hosts. Seasonal differences in prevalences and general indices of many ectoparasites were recorded between the 2 sexes of both rat species. Prevalences and general indices of most ectoparasites on both rat species showed a tendency to increase with increasing size and age of rat hosts. The type and degree of correlation between prevalences and general indices on the one hand and each of body size and age on the other hand differed among the species of ectoparasites.

Seasonal Studies on Commensal Rats and Their Ectoparasites in a Rural Area of Egypt: The Relationship of Ectoparasites to the Species, Locality, and Relative Abundance of the Host

The present study was carried out in 3 villages, namely Kafr Ayoub Soliman, Kafr Ibrahim El-Aidi, and El-Sa'adat, Sharqiya Governorate, Egypt. A total of 519 rats was collected from the 3 study sites: 46.6% Rattus rattus, and 53.4% Rattus norvegicus. A total of 20,643 ectoparasites was recovered from R. rattus: 33.3% mites, 33.8% fleas, and 32.9% lice. From R. norvegicus a total of 40,997 ectoparasites was recovered: 28.9% mites, 31% fleas, and 40.1% lice. Three common mite species were recovered from both rat hosts, i.e., Ornithonyssus bacoti, Radfordia ensifera, and Laelaps nuttalli. Three common flea species were also recovered from both rat hosts, i.e., Echidnophaga gallinacea, Leptopsylla segnis, and Xenopsylla cheopis. Polyplax spinulosa was the only dominant louse species that infested both rat hosts. Rats did not show a definite breeding season, and the seasonal rat indices were generally low in different study sites. There were no significant differences between the prevalence of each of mites, fleas, and lice in both rat species. The total general indices of mites and fleas, on the other hand, was significantly higher in R. norvegicus. The general index of X. cheopis was high and ranged between 5.9 in R. rattus and 14.5 in R. norvegicus. Season-related changes were observed in the general index of each of L. segnis infesting both rat species and R. ensifera and O. bacoti infesting R. norvegicus. The prevalence and general indices of some ectoparasites showed differences related to the locality of their rat hosts. Seasonal changes in the general indices of some ectoparasites paralleled seasonal changes in the relative abundance of their rat hosts.

Sensitization to Dermatophagoides siboney, Blomia tropicalis, and other domestic mites in asthmatic patients.

Mite species adapted to warm, humid climates are commonly found in house dust in the tropics. In Cuba, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. siboney, and Blomia tropicalis are the most common and abundant mite species in house dust. To investigate the pattern of sensitization of Cuban asthmatic patients to common mite species, we skin-prick-tested (SPT) 148 patients with a clinical history of asthma and possible mite allergy, and determined specific IgE antibodies against mite allergens (D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, D. siboney, B. tropicalis, Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Glycyphagus domesticus). The prevalence of positive SPT was high to D. siboney (88%), D. pteronyssinus (87%), A. siro (85%), B. tropicalis (85%), and D. farinae (83%). The largest skin reactions were obtained with D. siboney and B. tropicalis extracts. The skin test response to the D. siboney extract correlated to those of D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, B. tropicalis, and A. siro. The highest IgE levels were found to Dermatophagoides species and B. tropicalis. IgE to D. siboney and B. tropicalis were found in 97% and 96% of the patients, respectively. The prevalence of specific IgE to the other mites studied varied from 46 to 65%. D. siboney and B. tropicalis are important sensitizers among asthmatic patients in Cuba.

Honeylocust Pest Control, FT. Collins, 1987

Abstract Plots involved an established nursery planting of 12-15-ft honeylocust trees maintained by the City of Ft. Collins. Plots were single trees and experimental design involved a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Initial target insect for the study was the honeylocust pod gall midge. However, failure of this insect to develop sufficient populations shifted the emphasis to the common mite species. A soil injection of Metasystox-R was made using a Kioritz Soil Injector applying a 1:1 water-insecticide mixture at the time of bud break (1 May). Evaluation of plots 14 Jun involved counts, of all newly formed, second-generation pod galls on the terminal 1 ft of growth of 10 branches/tree. Onset of third-generation gall midge egg laying was observed at that time, so remaining foliar sprays were applied using a hand-operated compressed-air sprayer to run-off. Subsequent evaluation of mites involved counting randomly selected leaflets on 5 leaves/plot.

Incidence of pinewood nematode dauerlarvae and phoretic mites associated with long-horned beetles in central Louisiana

In central Louisiana, Monochamustitillator and M. carolinensis are the principle vectors of dauerlarvae of the pinewood nematode. Although proportionally more M. carolinensis carry the nematode, M. titillator is the more abundant species. Neacanthocinusobsoletus, a common long-horned beetle found in dead pines, seldom carries the pinewood nematode. Twelve species of mites are found to have instars phoretic on these cerambycids. More species of mites are associated with M. titillator than with N. obsoletus and, with the exception of Histiogasterarborsignis, mites are more numerous on M. titillator. Longoseiuscuniculus, Trichouropodalamellosa, T. hirsuta, and Histiogaster spp. are the most common mite species. Deutonymphs of the two Trichouropoda spp. and Dendrolaelapsvaripunctatus were observed to prey upon the pinewood nematode under laboratory conditions.