Common Malignant Epithelial Tumor Research Articles

Non-invasive miRNAs for early detection and diagnosis of lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Lacrimal adenoid cystic carcinoma (LACC) is one of the most common malignant epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland, characterized by high rates of local recurrence, distant metastases, and tumor-related mortality. This malignancy impairs the lacrimal gland's ability to secret tears, thereby disrupting the normal function of the ocular surface. Due to ineffective diagnostic approaches and the complex anatomical location of the lacrimal gland within the orbit, many LACC patients are often diagnosed at the later stages. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a simple and convenient method for early detection of LACC through biomarker analysis by liquid biopsies, such as blood or tears. Various microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from liquid biopsies have been shown to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis of tumors. In the present study, we screened LACC-specific miRNAs using miRNA microarray analysis in both primary and recurrent patient groups. We then validate their expression by qPCR experiments conducted in tissues, cell lines, tear fluid and serum to explore the association between these miRNAs and LACC development and prognosis. Our findings reveal that hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-200c-3p and hsa-miR-141-3p are significantly upregulated in LACC, and the microarray data showed that these three miRNAs were significantly elevated in the recurrence group compared to the primary group. In conclusion, detecting miRNA expression in tear fluid and serum provides non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of LACC and may facilitate monitoring outcomes related to lacrimal gland diseases.

A review of tanshinone compounds in prostate cancer treatment.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant epithelial tumors in men worldwide. PCa patients are initially sensitive to chemotherapy, but patients in the advanced stages of PCa eventually develop resistance, leaving them with limited therapeutic options. Therefore, it is very important to screen new drugs for treating PCa. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a common Chinese herbal medicine used in some Asian countries. It has many functions and is widely used to treat a variety of diseases, including heart diseases and cancers. For the past few years, research has shown that liposoluble constituents of tanshinones (TANs), including cryptotanshinone, TAN IIA, dihydrotanshinone I, and TAN I, exhibit good anticancer activity in PCa. In this study, we review the progress of TAN compounds (cryptotanshinone, TAN IIA, dihydrotanshinone I, and TAN I) in treating PCa over the past decade. These compounds can act on the same molecular mechanisms, as they have a very similar structure; they are also found to work slightly differently in PCa. According to current studies, compared with other TAN compounds, TAN IIA appears to hold more potential for treating PCa. The toxicity, side effects or biodistribution of Salvia miltiorrhiza and these four TANs need to be confirmed with further research. Findings obtained in this study may provide important information for the potential clinical application of cryptotanshinone, TAN IIA, dihydrotanshinone I, and TAN I in the treatment of PCa.

ZIC2 induces pro-tumor macrophage polarization in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating the JUNB/MCSF axis

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant epithelial tumor of the head and neck that often exhibits local recurrence and distant metastasis. The molecular mechanisms are understudied, and effective therapeutic targets are still lacking. In our study, we found that the transcription factor ZIC2 was highly expressed in NPC. Although ZIC family members play important roles in neural development and carcinogenesis, the specific mechanism and clinical significance of ZIC2 in the tumorigenesis and immune regulation of NPC remain elusive. Here, we first reported that high expression of ZIC2 triggered the secretion of MCSF in NPC cells, induced M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and affected the secretion of TAM-related cytokines. Mechanistically, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses identified JUNB as a downstream target of ZIC2. Furthermore, ZIC2 was significantly enriched in the promoter site of JUNB and activated JUNB promoter activity, as shown by ChIP-qPCR and luciferase assays. In addition, JUNB and MCSF participated in ZIC2-induced M2 TAMs polarization. Thus, blocking JUNB and MCSF could reverse ZIC2-mediated M2 TAMs polarization. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses indicated that high expression of ZIC2, JUNB, and CD163 was positively associated with a poor prognosis in NPC. Overexpression of ZIC2 induced tumor growth in vivo, with the increase of JUNB, MCSF secretion, and CD163. In summary, our study implies that ZIC2 induces M2 TAM polarization, at least in part through regulation of JUNB/MCSF and that ZIC2, JUNB, and CD163 can be utilized as prognostic markers for NPC and as therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.

A case report: An unusual presentation of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland with the highest malignant degree. ACC of the lacrimal gland is characterized by symptoms of <1 years duration. We present a 38-year-old male patient who complained of an enlarging mass in the left lacrimal fossa for almost 10 years previous to the diagnosis of ACC. A 38-year-old male patient visited our ophthalmology clinic with a chief complaint of a mass in his left upper lid, which had enlarged significantly over the previous months. Magnetic resonance imaging with intravenous Gadobutrol showed moderate and homogenous mass enhancement. Bone destruction is found. The periosteum is not eroded. The magnetic resonance imaging finding was supportive for malignancy. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed solid tumor showing a cribriform pattern mixed small amount of basaloid cell proliferation. Therefore, the final diagnose was Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. The treatment included en bloc resection of the mass and adjacent bone and radiotherapy. In 1 year follow-up after operation, there is no recurrence. Visual acuity is 30/30. The left eye shows limitation on abduction. The present case demonstrates an unusual progression of ACC of the Lacrimal Gland.

THE CORRELATION OF CD3 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION WITH INTRATUMORAL TUMOR - INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TILS) AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL GRADING OF ADENOCARCINOMA COLON

Background. The most common malignant epithelial tumor originating from the colon is adenocarcinoma, which accounts for >90% of all colon carcinomas. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been extensively studied and are associated with prognostic factors for several solid tumors. Research of TILs with CD3 immunohistochemistry staining for colonic adenocarcinoma is still rarely done until now. Objective. the correlation of CD3 immunohistochemical expression with the degree of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) intratumoral and histopathological grading of adenocarcinoma colon. Materials and Methods. Analytical study with a cross-sectional approach using slides and paraffin blocks of colon adenocarcinoma patients with CD3 immunohistochemical staining. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-Square and Eta. to see the relationship of intratumoral TILs with histopathological grading of colon adenocarcinoma. Results. It was found in this study that the most were low-grade adenocarcinoma of the colon as many as 28 cases (87.5%) and the least was high-grade adenocarcinoma of the colon as many as 7 cases (21.9%). The degree of intratumoral TILs in this study was found in 32 cases (100%). In CD3 immunohistochemistry staining, 25 positive results (78.1%) and negative results in 7 cases (21.9%), Chi-Square test was carried out on the correlation grading with CD3 display, p-value = 0.201 (p>0.05). While the correlation between the degree of TILs with CD3 immunohistochemical expression using the Eta test obtained p-value = 0.05 (p> 0.05). Conclusion. There is no effect of histopathological grading with CD3 immunohistochemical expression and there is a significant relationship between the number of degrees of intratumoral TILs and CD3 immunohistochemical expression with a strong correlation and a positive direction.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Submandibular Salivary Gland

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare epithelial malignant tumor of the major and minor salivary glands with deceptive benign histologic appearance characterized by indolent, locally invasive growth with a high propensity for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Typical ACC has a cribriform pattern, presenting a very aggressive course among the histologic variants. According to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), ACC was considered the fifth most common malignant epithelial tumor of the salivary gland. ACC is more common in the minor salivary gland, the palate being the most common site, submandibular salivary gland and least followed by sublingual and parotid glands. ACC accounts for about 1% of all malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial regions. Thus, considering its rarity, we would like to discuss a case report of ACC of the submandibular salivary gland in a 52-year-old female patient with a typical histological pattern, which would epitomize all cases of ACC along with extensive management.

Knockdown of LncRNA PANDAR by CRISPR-dCas9 Decreases Proliferation and Increases Apoptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant epithelial tumor in the oral cavity. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the important function roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human cancers. LncRNA promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage activated RNA (PANDAR) functions as an oncogene in multiple carcinomas, whereas its function in OSCC has not been investigated yet. The aim of our study is to investigate the possible regulatory mechanism of PANDAR in OSCC. First of all, PANDAR was highly expressed in OSCC cells and loss-of-function assays mediated by CRISPR-dCas9 observed that PANDAR silencing restrained cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Then we found and confirmed the interaction between PANDAR and serine and arginine rich splicing factor 7 (SRSF7). Subsequently, serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1 (PIM1) was proved to be regulated by PANDAR in SRSF7-dependant way. Rescue experiments validated that PANDAR modulated the proliferation and apoptosis in OSCC through PIM1. In conclusion, PANDAR bound with SRSF7 to increase PIM1 expression, hence promoting the development of OSCC. These data shed new lights into the seeking for effective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OSCC patients.

Adenoid Kistik Karsinom: Vaka Raporu

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common malignant epithelial tumor of the salivary glands.The aim of this case report was to present a solid ACC case seen in the parotid gland. A 69-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of swelling, pain and paraesthesia in the posterior right mandible. In clinical examination mandibular ulcerated areas were observed. Submandibular and cervical lymphadenopathies and an expansive mass were detected in the buccal mucosa. In panoramic radiography, a radiolucent lesion was observed in the right ramus mandible, and in cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) it was determined that lesion caused bone destruction. As result of the biopsy, it was reported as ACC and excision was recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment is very important in terms of survival and prevention of metastasis to distant areas. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and evaluation will affect the treatment success.

LncRNA ZEB2-AS1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell through miR-574-3p/HMGA2 axis.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant epithelial tumor in the elderly, and the cause is very complicated. Therefore, the study of the pathogenesis of ESCC is conducive to the effective treatment of ESCC. Many studies indicated that lncRNAs were important regulatory factors in tumor formation and disease development. However, the regulatory network of lncRNA in ESCC has not been fully explored. The expression of miR-574-3p, ZEB2-AS1, and HMGA2 was measured using qRT-PCR. The protein expression of PCNA, Cleaved-caspase3, MMP9, and HMGA2 was detected through Western blot. Cell proliferation or apoptosis of transfected cells was calculated via CKK-8 assay or flow cytometry. Transwell assay was applied to detect cell migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down were used to determine the relationship among miR-574-3p, ZEB2-AS1, and HMGA2 in ESCC. Moreover, the regulatory network of ZEB2-AS1 has been verified in vivo in this study. We found that ZEB2-AS1 was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cells. The knockdown of ZEB2-AS1 could inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in ESCC. Interestingly, miR-574-3p deficiency or HMGA2 promotion could reverse the effects of si-ZEB2-AS1 on ESCC cell progression. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-574-3p was a target miRNA of ZEB2-AS1 and HMGA2 was a target gene of miR-574-3p in ESCC. In this paper, we first verified the novel regulatory mechanism of lncRNA ZEB2-AS1 in ESCC cellular process. LncRNA ZEB2-AS1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC by modulating miR-574-3p/HMGA2 axis, indicating that ZEB2-AS1 played essential roles in cell progression in ESCC and providing a new therapeutic target of ESCC.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland Metastasizing after a Short Followup to Multiple Distant Bones - a Case Report with a Review of the Literature

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland is a rare disease, but it is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, with poor prognosis. ACC of the lacrimal gland is notorious for its slow growth and tendency to recur despite surgical therapy and following radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. This tumor type occasionally metastasize via haematogenous spread to lungs, brain and bone in decreasing order of frequency. When it happens, metastases are always multiple and wide. We report a case of a 28-year young man followed in our Hospital with ACC of right lacrimal gland resected on April 2014 and treated with surgery followed by post-operative radiotherapy (50Gy total dose). After one years of follow-up, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan reported multiple lytic lesions in distant bones specially to multiple sites of vertebral column. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) confirmed metastasis of ACC. No evidence of other loco-regional or distant metastasis were described. Patient was treated with chemotherapy. After treatment, patient is actually in close follow up.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2015;10(2): 84-86

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid with multiple cervical lymph node involvement accompanying metastatic thyroid papillary carcinoma.

A 37-year-old male case was admitted with goiter. Ultrasonography of thyroid showed a 5 cm cystic nodule in the left lobe with a 1.5 cm solid component. Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion. The patient was operated on. The pathological diagnosis was reported as papillary thyroid carcinoma. The immunohistochemical examination showed multiple foci of Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving both lobes. The patient died due to cardiac arrest with respiratory causes in the early postoperative period. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare primary condition which involves abnormal clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells in various tissues and organs. Thyroid involvement is infrequently seen. Although the etiology is unknown, genetic components may be linked to the disease. It is also associated with a family history of thyroid disease. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the thyroid gland. Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting with papillary thyroid carcinoma is rare. The privilege of our case is langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid with multiple cervical lymph node involvement accompanying cervical lymph node metastatic thyroid papillary carcinoma.

The alveolar epithelial differentiation of glandular inner lining cells in a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung: a case report

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a common malignant epithelial tumor of salivary glands, but relatively rare in lung. The histological features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung are similar to its counterpart arising from the salivary glands. Here, we reported a special tumor that occurred in the medial segment of the right lower lobe in a 22-year-old man. This tumor exhibited typical features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma with 3 cell types: squamoid cells, mucin-secreting cells and cells of intermediate type. These 3 types of cells organized into cysts, nests, glands and solid patterns. Specially, the inner lining cells of some glandular structures were uniform cuboidal and hobnail-like, similar to the alveolar epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the inner lining cells of glandular structures were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1 and surfactant protein-B, used as markers of alveolar epithelial cells, and were negative for p63. These findings for the first time demonstrated a rare alveolar epithelial differentiation of glandular inner lining cells in a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung.Virtual SlidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7095988968057804

Pediatric parotid tumors: Clinical review of 24 cases in a Chinese population

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence, types, and treatment outcomes of pediatric parotid tumors in Chinese population. MethodsPediatric salivary gland tumors treated at Stomatolgy Hospital, of Wuhan University, from 1990 to 2010, were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsOne hundred and two patients 18 years old or younger were diagnosed as parotid mass, of which 24 (23.5%) were parotid tumors. Of these patients, 11 (45.8%) were benign and 13 (54.2%) malignant. Hemangioma was the most frequent no-epithelial tumor. The most common benign epithelial tumor was pleomorphic adenoma (63.6%), and the most common malignant epithelial tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (38.5%), with both of them showing a female to male predominance. The most common treatment was parotidectomy (83.3%). ConclusionsAlthough pediatric parotid masses are unusual, they can represent a variety of pathological diagnoses, including malignancy. The intralesional injection can treat parotid hemangiomas in pediatric population effectively. Parotidectomy remains the mainstay treatment for both pediatric parotid gland benign and malignancies of epithelial cell origin. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be used judiciously in pediatric patients due to the higher risk of post-irradiation complications.

Tumoren der Papilla Vateri

Tumors of Vater's ampulla are generally uncommon. In this location intestinal type adenomas are frequently found, followed by noninvasive papillary neoplasms of the pancreaticobiliary type and neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids). Carcinomas of Vater's ampulla represent about 0.5% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant epithelial tumor followed by the pancreaticobiliary type adenocarcinoma. Highly malignant neuroendocrine carcinomas of Vater's ampulla are very uncommon. Carcinomas of the ampullary region can be sporadic or a component of several disease syndromes. Designation of large carcinomas as tumors with an ampullary or extra-ampullary origin can be difficult but is of relevance for a TNM conform classification. Helpful in the decision are the relationship between the tumor centre and Vater's ampulla, the existence of premalignant lesions in the ampullary epithelium as well as histology and immunostaining of the tumor.

Unusual Mesenchymal Liver Tumors in Adults: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Our purpose was to review a broad spectrum of mesenchymal liver tumors in adults and present their cross-sectional imaging characteristics including radiologic-pathologic correlation. Cross-sectional imaging findings of mesenchymal liver tumors in adults are varied and some may overlap with others or even with more common malignant epithelial tumors. However, in some cases, their appearances at cross-sectional imaging studies may reflect characteristic abnormalities that suggest a specific diagnosis. Therefore, familiarity with the radiologic findings of mesenchymal liver tumors and understanding their pathological background is important for increasing the accuracy of radiologic diagnosis.

3596: Unusual mesenchymal liver tumors in adults: Ultrasound findings with CT, MR and pathologic correlation

Mesenchymal tumors of the liver are defined as benign and malignant tumors with vascular, fibrous, adipose and other mesenchymal tissue differentiation and may have variable faces in radiologic concerns, presenting a difficult diagnostic challenge. Although sonographic findings of mesenchymal liver tumors are varied in adults and there may be considerable overlap between each other and even with more common malignant epithelial tumors, however, in some cases, their sonographic appearances may reflect pathologic features.

비강 및 부비동에 범발한 혈관종

Hemangiomas involving the paranasal sinuses are rare. They are described to be a well circumscribed, intensely enhancing mass, causing benign appearing bone changes at CT scan. We report 4 cases of hemangiomas involving the nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, and ethmoidal sinus, presented with refractory epistaxis, and easily bleeding, friable intranasal mass. CT scan showed a large, inhomogenously enhancing mass with significant bone erosion, which made it difficult to differentiate hemangiomas from the most common malignant epithelial tumors on the basis of the imaging findings. Medial maxillectomy by midface degloving, rather than lateral rhinotomy with lip splitting, was recommended for surgical excision. Major intraoperative bleeding was avoided by the use of adjunctive preoperative embolization or by intraoperative ligation of the external carotid artery.

Reproductive variables, tobacco, ethanol, coffee and somatometry as risk factors for ovarian cancer.

A hospital-based case-control study of ovarian cancer was conducted in Athens from 1989 to 1991. The cases were 189 women, residents of Greater Athens and less than 75 years old, with histologically confirmed common malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary, operated in the 2 major cancer hospitals of the Greater Athens area. Controls were women residents of Greater Athens, less than 75 years old, who had never had cancer or had an ovary removed and who had visited patients hospitalized in the same wards as the ovarian cancer cases at the same time. The data were analyzed by modeling through multiple logistic regression. Statistically significant associations were found with induced menopause without oophorectomy [relative risk (RR) 0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.72], age at menopause (for an increment of 5 years RR 1.42; CI 1.00 to 2.01), hormone-replacement therapy (RR 5.73; CI 1.07 to 30.80), parity (RR 0.48; CI 0.24-0.96) and, marginally, age at first birth (for an increment of 5 years RR 1.30; CI 0.99 to 1.70). Non-significant but previously suggested or biologically plausible associations were noted with use of oral contraceptives (inverse), weight before onset of the disease (positive), and consumption of more than 2 glasses of alcoholic drinks per day (positive). There were no consistent associations with coffee, tobacco, moderate alcohol intake, broad occupational group, induced abortions, or age at menarche.

Hair dyes, analgesics, tranquilizers and perineal talc application as risk factors for ovarian cancer

In a hospital-based case-control study of ovarian cancer conducted in Athens (1989-1991), 189 women with histologically confirmed common malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary were compared with 200 hospital visitor controls. All interviews were conducted by personal interview in the 2 participating hospitals and the data were analyzed by modelling through logistic regression, controlling for demographic and reproductive variables. Tranquilizing and hypnotic drugs (mostly diazepam) were not associated with risk of ovarian cancer: the adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.96 (0.57 to 1.63), whereas use of analgesics (mostly salicylates) was associated with significantly reduced risk of the disease (RR 0.51; CI 0.26 to 1.02). There was no evidence that perineal application of talc was associated with increased risk (RR 1.05; CI 0.28 to 3.98) but the frequency of reporting talc use was low in the study population. There was a statistically significant (p for trend 0.007) and a dose-dependent association between hair dyeing and risk of ovarian cancer. Compared to never-users, women dyeing their hair up to 4 times per year had a relative risk of 1.74 (0.91 to 3.32) whereas those dyeing their hair 5 or more times per year had a relative risk of 2.16 (1.19 to 3.89).

Diet and ovarian cancer: A case‐control study in greece

In a hospital-based case-control study of common malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary, conducted in Athens (1989-1991), 189 cases were compared with 200 hospital visitor controls. Personal interviews were conducted in all cases and diet was ascertained through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrient intakes for individuals were estimated by multiplying the nutrient content of a typical portion size for each specified food item by the frequency at which the food was consumed per month and summing these estimates for all food items. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, controlling for non-dietary confounding factors, total energy intake and, among nutrients, mutual confounding influences. Adjusted odds ratios (rate ratios) for ovarian cancer, associated with particular nutritional variables, were expressed in terms of increments approximately equal to the standard deviations of (the residual of) the respective nutrients, on a daily basis. The adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) were 0.80 (0.65-0.99) for mono-unsaturated fat and 0.73 (0.61-0.87) for crude fiber. No substantial, statistically significant or consistent independent associations were noted for total energy, total protein, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, dietary cholesterol, total carbohydrates, sucrose, vitamin C, vitamin A, riboflavin or calcium. These associations, if causal, could explain to some extent the relatively low incidence of ovarian cancer in Greece and other Mediterranean countries as well as the increasing incidence trends noted in these countries during the last few decades.