Common Language Of Communication Research Articles

Linguistic authority in the context of European mobility: addressing the empty promise of élite multilingualism

ABSTRACT This qualitative study examines linguistic authority in an international department of a European Union institution in Luxembourg. Using socio-pragmatic discourse analysis, it investigates language workers’ stances towards language use at work. The findings reveal manipulative effects of language ideologies – (élite) multilingualism and native speakerism – that promote a business-like understanding of the value of language(s) in a public institution. While the institution benefits from this setup, its negative effects seem more pronounced for (‘routed’) workers in unstable situations of international mobility compared to those who are settled (‘rooted’). The paper advocates for increased critical language awareness and seeks to sensitise stakeholders to the effects of language ideologies in professional settings. This discussion is particularly relevant for public institutions that promote multilingualism while using English as the common language of communication. However, it may also inspire other multilingual organisations in which management aims to enhance their employees’ work experience.

Role of English Language as a Global and Economical Language Around the Globe: A Case of Kachru's Model

This paper attempts to examine 'World Englishes' (WE) with connectivity to English as an International Language (EIL), Applied Linguistics and socio-linguistics. In the light of Kachru's model of English Language in the late 20th century. This model has three circles, inner circle, where English is used as native language, Outer Circle, mostly former colonies of British Empire, such as Singapore, India, Kenya, Ghana, Malaysia, Pakistan and others, and 3rd is Expanding Circle, include countries in which English is known as Foreign Language in schools and universities, mostly for communication and business or economic purposes as well with Inner and Outer circles. The term "English language" refers to various interesting and notable features, patterns, or aspects of the English language. These phenomena can encompass a wide range of linguistic phenomena, including grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, syntax, idioms, and more. English holds significant importance around the world because English is the most widely spoken language globally. It serves as a common language of communication among people from different linguistic backgrounds. Proficiency in English enables individuals to connect with a broader range of people, both in personal and professional contexts. English is the language of international business and economics as well. It facilitates global trade, negotiations, and collaboration between companies and individuals from different countries. Proficiency in English enhances employability and career opportunities, particularly in multinational corporations and industries with international reach. It recognizes the importance of both native and non-native varieties of English and acknowledges that each circle has its own linguistic norms, purposes, and language development. The study informs us that Kachru was an original thinker not in the field of English Language including applied linguistics, multilingualism, bilingualism, language policy, language creativity, code mixing, code switching, cross-cultural communication, sociolinguistics but also in the domain of politics of language and so many other issues including cross-cultural awareness.

Enhancing English Language Proficiency in HRM: A Strategic Imperative for Logistics Efficiency

Good human resource management is critical to organizational success in the frantic logistics environment. The importance of English language skills in this setting cannot be overstated. This study piece dives into the interconnected connection between human resource management and English language abilities in the logistics sector. The internationalization of trade and the spread of supply chains across borders has prompted the development of a common language for communication. English, as the international corporate lingua franca, is critical in overcoming linguistic gaps across varied logistics teams and stakeholders. This article discusses the significant impact that English proficiency has on numerous facets of logistics operations. This study looks into the critical importance of English language competency in human resource management in the logistics industry, focusing on cross-cultural communication, talent acquisition, and retention. A comprehensive analysis of the literature, case studies, and surveys within the logistics industry was conducted to assess the significance of English language skills. Our research demonstrates a significant link between English language competency and effective cross-cultural communication, which is essential for timely information exchange in logistics operations. The strategic importance of English language ability for logistics organizations is highlighted by this research. In order to enable the staff to communicate effectively and promote operational excellence, it highlights the need for ongoing investment in language training programs. The findings of this study highlight the fact that comprehending English is a strategic need in the field of global logistics, not just a desired talent.

Prieštaringos nuostatos dėl estų kalbos Tartu universitete: vietos ir užsienio akademinių darbuotojų apklausos duomenų analizė

During the last decade, the universities in Estonia have internationalized their staff and student body to such an extent that the language environment in academia has undergone considerable changes. To react to the internationalization and Anglicisation of higher education and protect the use of Estonian in academia, the University of Tartu renewed its language policy in 2020 and commissioned a survey in 2021 to gain a better understanding of the implementation of the policy and its academic staff members’ attitudes towards the policy. This paper is based on the survey results. The survey was conducted by the authors in 2021 and 2022 and examines the attitudes of the local and international academic staff on acquiring Estonian and using it as the working language of the university. The results show a major difference in the attitudes of the local and international staff members. The local staff is in favour of language policies intended to advance the acquisition and use of Estonian in academia, whereas the international staff is generally interested only in acquiring introductory Estonian skills. Their motivation to continue learning Estonian is low since English is used as the common language of communication and work at the university. Based on the results, the authors present recommendations for designing inclusive institutional language policy and flexible forms of learning Estonian.

New Management Standard for Digital Data Protection Using A PDCA Model Anchored to ISO/IEC 27001 and R.A. 10173

ICT security has proven to be important in any organization in dealing with digital data. In implementing data protection, there are several challenges that an organization may encounter such as employee’s lack of awareness and education, cybersecurity threats, data breaches, lack of technical infrastructure, and limited resources. To combat internal security threats and encourage employees' security habits every agency, in the different sectors of the government must practice and promote data protection awareness against cybercrimes. To improve the security posture of every public or private organization in the Philippines. This study looked at a newly suggested security management standard that offers a thorough framework for detecting and evaluating risks to ICT (information and communication technology) systems and applications. The proposed standard strongly emphasizes the necessity of ongoing security control monitoring and assessment, frequent recovery plan testing and evaluation, and compliance with the PDCA Model anchored to the ISO/IEC 27001 standard and the Data Privacy Act of 2012. The study examined the suggested standard's main aspects and potential business advantages, including security, compliance, and stakeholder coordination and communication as well as emphasized the difficulties in implementing the suggested standard, including the requirement for significant resources and knowledge. The proposed standard also provides a common language for communication and collaboration among stakeholders, including I.T. staff, business leaders, and external partners. This can help promote a security culture and ensure everyone in the organization works together towards a common goal.

Dilemmas and Perceptionsregarding Medical Education in Hindi medium among Medical Community of Northern India: A Cross Sectional study

Introduction: The medical curriculum, the medium of instruction and evaluation in India, is primarily English. While it has the advantage of preparing Indian medical graduates to represent and interact globally, it also translates into learning difficulties for a substantial population of Indian medical students. Hindi is the common language of communication among majority of the population in Uttar Pradesh.Madhya Pradesh Government in India has already started the option of pursuing the allopathic graduate medical course in Hindi. There is paucity of data regarding opinion of medical professionals about implementation of Medical Education in Hindi in Uttar Pradesh and nearby states. Objective: To assess the attitude and opinion of medical students and medical professionals towards using Hindi in Medical Education. Method: A crossst st sectional web-based online survey was conducted between 1 December 2022 and 31 January 2023. Undergraduate medical students, interns, residents and faculty from medical colleges, hospitals of Uttar Pradesh and neighbouring states (Uttarakhand and Bihar) were contacted to participate in this survey using pretested structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 1606 participants responded and answered the questionnaire and 1575 responses were found complete and used in analysis.Most participants (52.8%) believed that Medical Education in Hindi would attract more students from Hindi backgrounds to join the medical field. Similarly, 58.9% of participants were of the opinion that Medical Education in Hindi would improve communication with patients. However, about half of the participants (49.5%) perceived teaching in Hindi as a hurdle in acquiring higher education. Conclusion: More than half of the participants thought that medical education in Hindi will attract more students from Hindi backgrounds to join the medical field. Similarly, Medical Education in Hindi was perceived to improve communication skills with patients, at least where Hindi is a vernacular language by majority of the participants

Economic processes and foreign languages: results of interaction

Language is the main vector of communication, in turn, communication develops languages throughout the history of mankind. The natural need of people is communication in their native language, the most convenient means of self-expression and understanding of others. However, modernity has changed the global paradigm of communication, indicating a reassessment of the role of languages by both official and informal communities, including native speakers of various languages. Moreover, the choice of a common communication language is influenced not only by the context, but also by the social, cultural, and economic characteristics of the communicants. In an intercultural context, there is a problem of adaptation of communication participants, closely related to the mastery of the language of the receiving party, ignorance of which is a barrier to successful communication. To develop the skills of tolerant communicative behavior, it is necessary to create special programs equipped with the necessary teaching materials available in international communication languages. Some of these workshops are offered in the presented article. Purpose of the article is to determine the influence of language on the development of economic processes that unite people of different linguistic and socio-cultural backgrounds, as well as to describe the influence of interacting languages on various aspects of professional activity and the role of education in introducing new generations into an intercultural context. To achieve the purpose, the following tasks were put forward: presentation of the main provisions of the economic theory of language; highlighting the controversial role of translators when working with companies in an intercultural environment; identification of problems and the role of teaching foreign languages to students for their successful adaptation in an intercultural professional context. The theoretical and methodological basis was the concepts, hypotheses and theories presented in the works of domestic and foreign researchers. The methodology is based on a systematic approach, in which methods of comparative, structural-functional, and statistical analysis were applied. To obtain empirical data, the methods of questioning and interviewing respondents included in the system of intercultural communication were used. Based on the results obtained, it can be said that, as a rule, in most cases, preference is given to the common language of communication, which is either one of the international languages or the language of the titular nation. Ethnic ties, trust and tolerance are often associated with the possession of a common language of communication.

Developing Magical Consciousness: A Theoretical and Practical Guide for the Expansion of Perception

Developing Magical Consciousness: A Theoretical and Practical Guide for the Expansion of Perception

The Problem with Capitalism in the Trichological Sciences.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels exposed a pattern of societal conduct they chose to name capitalistic bourgeoisie. The bourgeoisie created a common language of communication through collaboration, gathered in circles such as free academies, scientific academies, literary circles, and the media, that provided forums for the emerging bourgeoisie to conceive of new social orders. One aspect of bourgeoisie culture is conspicuous consumption, central to which, is a culture of prestige through material consumption. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and the operation for profit. Characteristic features of capitalism include competitive market, commercialism, property rights recognition, capital accumulation, material consumption, culture of prestige, sycophancy, and coterie. Critiques of capitalism allege that it is exploitative, alienating, unstable, unsustainable, and inefficient. In turn, critical theory inspired philosophers such as Michel Foucault to conceptualize how we form identities through social interaction. When the patient's body entered the field of medicine, it also entered the field of power where the patient can be manipulated by professional authority. Without forcibly being a proponent of political theory, as an academic, one is inevitably confronted with Marxism in terms of philosophy. As a discipline at the interface of medicine, lifestyle, and cosmetics, trichology is particularly susceptible to the primary aims of profit, consumption, and prestige that characterize the capitalistic bourgeoisie. The trichological sciences, particularly trichoscopy, have discovered a profitable market for itself. The practice of trichology is not immune to malpractice. It has created an industry that dwells on the autistic thinking of patients and doctors, and because it is prosperous, makes propaganda among lay people and doctors that necessarily leads to abuses.

How was the common communication language dropped in the turkish world?

Turkish communities living in various geographies of the world have played an important role in every period of history. By the middle of the 10th century, the establishment of the Karakhanid state and its Islamic period started a new era for the Turks. Influenced by this civilization, they used the Arabic alphabet until the first quarter of the 19th century. 20th century Russian Turks had bad results. According to the "Policy of Nationalities", the Soviets divided the geography in the USSR. Stalin implemented the policy of Tsarist Russia to dissolve Turkish communities more quickly and abolished the Arabic alphabet used by Turks with the decisions taken at the 1926 Baku Turkic Congress. After that in 1928, Turkey changed the alphabet and got the same alphabet. The cultural unity among the Turks would be revived but Moscow was hesitating. Without wasting time, USSR brought the Cyrillic alphabet and ultimately, the new generation has cut off contact with each other.

Impact of globalization on higher education

The status of English as a world language and its potential impact on other languages is a fundamental subject in the linguistic ecology of the Internet. According to Krauss (1992), 90 percent of human languages will vanish or be severely weakened in the next century. English is becoming more widely used, particularly as a second language and as a lingua franca—a common language of communication among speakers of many languages. The use of English in other countries is not compelled by legislation or military strength; rather, the United States has a popular culture that is consumed and mimicked by other countries, aiding the spread of English. Kachru (1996) stated that there is no single English language, but rather a variety of Englishes that have arisen throughout former British and American colonies, despite the fact that none of these variants has been officially acknowledged. As a result, while English is becoming more widely used, it has also being co-opted and domesticated in some circumstances.

Intelligent Correction System of Students’ English Pronunciation Errors Based on Speech Recognition Technology

With the increasingly frequent international exchanges, English has become a common language for communication between countries. Under this research background, in order to correct students’ wrong English pronunciation, an intelligent correction system for students’ English pronunciation errors based on speech recognition technology is designed. In order to provide a relatively stable hardware correction platform for voice data information, the sensor equipment is optimised and combined with the processor and intelligent correction circuit. On this basis, the MLP (Multi-layer Perceptron) error correction function is defined; with the help of the known recognition confusion calculation results, the actual input speech error is processed by gain mismatch; and the software execution environment of the system is built. Combined with the related hardware structure, the intelligent correction system of students’ English pronunciation error based on speech recognition technology is successfully applied, and the comparative experiment is designed and the practical application value of the system is highlighted.

A Distributed Control System for Monitoring and Controlling Different Processes

A set of controllers connected by a data network and appearing to function as one unit is known as a distributed control system (DCS). Despite having diverse roles, locations, configurations, and specifications, they are all connected by a common language of communication. In applications like chemical plants or oil refineries, where there are many input-output modules engaged in communication, DCS is favoured. They are multitasking systems that can handle sizable common databases and support numerous control loops through graphical function block representation. The necessity of the hour is process monitoring and control from a distance. One such option is DCS, which is used in most process control sectors. This idea is based on applying the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) concept in the stations and using DCS to control the existing process stations in the lab (level and flow process). The process control panel for each station’s monitoring and control is developed with a user-friendly Front Panel. The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller is programmed using functional blocks for the level and flow process.

Intelligent Correction System of Students’ English Pronunciation Errors Based on Speech Recognition Technology

With the increasingly frequent international exchanges, English has become a common language for communication between countries. Under this research background, in order to correct students’ wrong English pronunciation, an intelligent correction system for students’ English pronunciation errors based on speech recognition technology is designed. In order to provide a relatively stable hardware correction platform for voice data information, the sensor equipment is optimized and combined with the processor and intelligent correction circuit. On this basis, the MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) error correction function is defined, with the help of the known recognition confusion calculation results, the actual input speech error is processed by gain mismatch, and the software execution environment of the system is built. Combined with the related hardware structure, the intelligent correction system of students’ English pronunciation error based on speech recognition technology is successfully applied, and the comparative experiment is designed the practical application value of the system is highlighted.

Turkic Borrowings in the Turkish Language Reform: Past and Today

The purpose of this article is to investigate the practice of replacing borrowings with words from Turkic dialects during the Language Reform initiated by Ataturk. The aim of the Ataturk’s Language Reform was explained as revealing the beauty of the Turkish language and achieving its significance among the world languages. To realize this aim, it was planned to eliminate Arabic and Persian words, which were seen as foreign elements, from the language and to adopt and popularize Turkish words instead. In this study, Turkic words were suggested to be used instead of foreign words during the period of language reform, and events that occurred after the language reform were discussed. Recent research conducted in the Turkish Language Society is also mentioned. As a result, a proposal was put forward to develop a common language of communication in the Turkic world.

Towards Continuing Interprofessional Education: Interaction patterns of health professionals in a resource-limited setting.

There are challenges related to collaboration among health professionals in resource-limited settings. Continuing Interprofessional Education initiatives grounded on workplace dynamics, structure and the prevailing attitudes and biases of targeted health professionals may be a vehicle to develop collaboration among health professionals. Workplace dynamics are revealed as health professionals interact. We argue that insights into the interaction patterns of health professionals in the workplace could provide guidance for improving the design and value of CIPE initiative. The study was conducted through rapid ethnography and data were collected from non-participant observations. The data were transcribed and analysed through an inductive iterative process. Appropriate ethical principles were applied throughout the study. Three themes emerged namely "Formed professional identities influencing interprofessional interaction", "Diversity in communication networks and approaches" and "Professional practice and care in resource limited contexts". This study revealed poor interaction patterns among health professionals within the workplace. These poor interaction patterns were catalyzed by the pervasive professional hierarchy, the protracted health professional shortages, limited understanding of professional roles and the lack of a common language of communication among the health professionals. Several recommendations were made regarding the design and development of Continuing Interprofessional Education initiatives for resource-limited settings.

Examining the Significance of General Indian English and Soft Skills: An Employability Perspective

The Corporate sector has witnessed a drastic change in the last few decades around the world and India is no exception to it. Ever since the proliferation of globalization, inter-state business has grown up like never before. Consequently, multinational companies are gradually taking over the local businesses, which created a paradigm shift in the recruitment processes of companies to meet the demands of the job market. Earlier, people used to get recruited merely on the basis of their job-specific skills called Hard Skills. Today, employers need candidates who can communicate well in English as this language serves as the lingua franca, i.e. a common language of communication among employees of different regional and linguistic backgrounds. Moreover, particular preference is given to the candidates who possess certain necessary skills in addition to hard skills such as communication skill, time management, leadership, adaptability, team work and so on. These skills are known as soft skills. Thus, young job aspirants who can speak fluently and intelligibly in English and possess soft skills get an edge not only during the recruitment process but also during the job. In the above-discussed context, this paper attempts to carry out a critical analysis of teaching General Indian English and soft skills for generating employability among Indian job. To test the same an activity-based study was conducted with a group of 20 undergraduate students which consisted of pre-training and a post-training test. The analysis of the results showed positive changes in students’ attitudes and confidence after they undergo soft skills activities as well as spoken English lessons in General Indian English. Thus, this study suggests the integration of a paper on GIE and soft skills across all disciplines at undergraduate level or a short course on the same.

Technical Aspects of Developing Chatbots for Medical Applications: Scoping Review.

BackgroundChatbots are applications that can conduct natural language conversations with users. In the medical field, chatbots have been developed and used to serve different purposes. They provide patients with timely information that can be critical in some scenarios, such as access to mental health resources. Since the development of the first chatbot, ELIZA, in the late 1960s, much effort has followed to produce chatbots for various health purposes developed in different ways.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the technical aspects and development methodologies associated with chatbots used in the medical field to explain the best methods of development and support chatbot development researchers on their future work.MethodsWe searched for relevant articles in 8 literature databases (IEEE, ACM, Springer, ScienceDirect, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar). We also performed forward and backward reference checking of the selected articles. Study selection was performed by one reviewer, and 50% of the selected studies were randomly checked by a second reviewer. A narrative approach was used for result synthesis. Chatbots were classified based on the different technical aspects of their development. The main chatbot components were identified in addition to the different techniques for implementing each module.ResultsThe original search returned 2481 publications, of which we identified 45 studies that matched our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common language of communication between users and chatbots was English (n=23). We identified 4 main modules: text understanding module, dialog management module, database layer, and text generation module. The most common technique for developing text understanding and dialogue management is the pattern matching method (n=18 and n=25, respectively). The most common text generation is fixed output (n=36). Very few studies relied on generating original output. Most studies kept a medical knowledge base to be used by the chatbot for different purposes throughout the conversations. A few studies kept conversation scripts and collected user data and previous conversations.ConclusionsMany chatbots have been developed for medical use, at an increasing rate. There is a recent, apparent shift in adopting machine learning–based approaches for developing chatbot systems. Further research can be conducted to link clinical outcomes to different chatbot development techniques and technical characteristics.

The use of specific linguistic features within the context of a casual conversation in a speech community

There seems to be nothing remarkable about the interaction between two interlocutors who have never been in contact with each other. These persons are able to understand themselves in contact situations because most times, a common language of communication is known that can sustain the exchange for the time necessary. However, when such exchange is between individuals with some level of contact or familiarity, the concept of speech community comes into play. The concept is useful but may be problematic at times and one cannot avoid applying this idea when trying to make sense of the process that takes place in the conversation, specifically a causal conversation. The aim of this sociolinguistic study is to explain how individuals are able to build social history, construct interactional talk, maintain relations with each other and reinforce solidarity from a two hour audio recorded conversation (ARC) between an ethnic Indian and a Nigerian in Marylebone, London using interactional socio-linguistic and conversation analytic. By doing so, the concept of a speech community as well as how a group can be identified as being members of a community is understood. A particular focus is paid to such linguistic features as the register of conversation, turn taking, discourse variation, phonological variation and grammatical variation characteristic of London, Nigerian and Indian English observed in the speech of the participants and how these features function to build and maintain relations.
 Keywords: Speech community, Casual conversation, Linguistic features, Sociolinguistics, ARC

Ewolucja chińskiego protokołu i zwyczajowego prawa dyplomatycznego od XVI do XIX w.

The evolution of Chinese protocol and customary diplomatic law in contacts with European countries from the 16th to the 19th centuries From the earliest times, diplomatic protocol has been one of the most important instruments of foreign policy. It facilitates establishing relationships in the international arena by creating a common language of communication. The aim of diplomatic protocol is to create an atmosphere of respect, recognition, and harmony in international relations. To a large extent, it is the result of customary international law, which consists of two basic elements. Firstly, one comes from the practice of states, viewed objectively, and secondly, from opinio iuris, i.e. the subjective feeling that this procedure is a kind of law. For many centuries, the Chinese Empire used these two tools to conduct foreign policy, in particular with European countries with which relations were not based on the principle of equality and respect for sovereignty. The purpose of this article is to indicate how China used protocol and customary diplomatic law to achieve its goals in the international arena.