Common Interest Research Articles

The INPHET- a global approach to Environmental Public Health Tracking

Abstract Environment and health monitoring and information systems are fundamental infrastructure for evidence provision for policy making. The International Network for Public Health and Environment Tracking (INPHET) was formed by a community of environmental public health practitioners to address common interests and activities that advance environmental public health surveillance (EPHS) and data systems, and their uses to inform public health actions. Its main goal is to address the vast inequalities across countries and communities in their ability to monitor, assess, inform and mitigate environmental and health issues. INPHET supports the relevant role of environmental epidemiology as the pillar science providing evidence for decision making and interventions aiming at reducing and preventing environmental related diseases and contributes to an overall vision for public health. As a “Community of Practice”, INPHET focuses on sharing experiences and expertise; addressing common challenges for implementing and enhancing the science of EPHS/tracking; improving understanding of the link between the environment and health; and providing the appropriate evidence that informs public policy. The network, initiated in conference meetings in 2012-13 and formally launched in Modena, Italy in 2014, has carried out several activities which aim at sharing expertise and learning from different models of environmental and health data integration and surveillance systems that directly inform policy. These include Twinning cooperation with Euro-Asian and Balkan countries and sharing of expertise with African Public Health Agencies. Some experiences are presented in this workshop and highlight the EPHS/EPHT model adopted by several national public health agencies. It promotes that such integration and uses of environmental and health data is key for EPHS, including their accessibility and usability for communities of public health researchers, practitioners and policy makers.

Co-planning as a public health tool: the Milan Health Protection Agencies’s Local Gambling Plan

Abstract Issue/problem Gambling represents a public health, social, and economic problem. Lombardy Region, according with national and regional law, has approved the Regional Plan for the prevention and contrast of Pathological Gambling. The Health Protection Agencies (HPA) of the Metropolitan City of Milan, as the other HPAs, implemented the Local Gambling Plan, based on a context analysis and in synergy with all the actors involved. Description of the problem Since 2019, the Milan HPA’s Local Gambling Plan has been implemented through collaboration with non-profit entities (TSEs), which are involved via public tendering. The implementation of the new Italian ‘Code of the Third Sector’ changed the TSEs engagement modalities. For this reason, a complex co-planning process has been initiated in order to increase the level of active citizenship and to enhance public health, in line with horizontal subsidiarity principle. Results The Co-planning procedure promoted the integration among local health services, non-profit entities and municipalities with the aim of gambling prevention and contrast, ensuring the continuity of prevention programs and the involvement of local stakeholders in addressing a public health issue. During the co-planning, 9 working groups were established to define objectives, project actions, monitoring and evaluation methods, ensuring the common interest of all actors involved. Lessons For the health and social system, the co-planning procedure becomes an opportunity to translate what is foreseen by the regulations into local actions. It allow the active participation of local stakeholders involved into the co-construction and achievement of public health objectives and the promotion of communities’ empowerment. Key messages • Co-planning is both a process and a tool for local welfare. • Co-planning involved multiple actors, among which the public institution that ensures satisfaction of health needs through governance actions.

Investigating antimicrobial resistance genes in probiotic products for companion animals

IntroductionOne of the greatest challenges of our time is antimicrobial resistance, which could become the leading cause of death globally within a few decades. In the context of One Health, it is in the common interest to mitigate the global spread of antimicrobial resistance by seeking alternative solutions, alongside appropriate drug selection and responsible use. Probiotics offer a potential avenue to reduce antibiotic usage; however, there is a scarcity of research that examines commercial products in terms of carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) involved in resistance development through microbial vectors.MethodsOur study investigated 10 commercially available probiotic products for cats and dogs. Initially, we conducted phenotypic testing through determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for antibiotics important in animal and public health. Subsequently, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the products to elucidate the genetic background behind the decrease in phenotypic sensitivity.ResultsIn total, 19 types of ARGs were identified, with 57.9% being found on plasmids, and in two cases, carriage as mobile genetic elements were found. One of the genes identified was the APH(3′)-Ia gene, capable of inactivating aminoglycoside antibiotics through phosphotransferase enzyme production regulation, while the other was the tetS gene, capable of conferring reduced sensitivity to tetracycline antibiotics through target protection.DiscussionOur findings underscore the importance of approaching antimicrobial resistance investigations from a broader perspective. We suggest that further studies in this area are justified and raise questions regarding the need to extend legally required studies on probiotic products from their use in economic livestock to their use in companion animals.

국내외 교육 커먼즈 연구에 관한 체계적 문헌고찰

Objectives This study aims to identify the landscape of discussions on educational commons in domestic and international research, discover the value of educational commons, and explore its applicability. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted on 28 studies related to educational commons (5 domestic and 23 international). For data collection, various combinations of the keywords “education” and “commons” were searched on academic databases, including RISS, KISS, SCHOLA, eArticle, DBpia, domestic and international university libraries' databases, and Google Scholar. The searches were conducted twice between January 19, 2024, and January 26, 2024. The final selected literature underwent a process of planning, screening, extraction, and implementation, with frequency analysis conducted using SPSS 18. Results Research was minimal from 2008 to 2018 but increased from 2019, with the most studies conducted in 2023, sparking related discussions. All studies proposed educational commons as an alternative educational framework based on concerns about capitalist and neoliberal educational systems. The most common research methods were literature reviews and case studies. The main trend was that discussions on educational systems emerged as a key debate surrounding educational commons. Interest in educational commons is growing in various fields, such as environmental and civic education. Additionally, the discourse on educational commons is expanding beyond schools to broader social contexts, covering from preschool children to adults. Conclusions Educational commons is confirmed to be a crucial concept for reimagining and realizing new education in the post-COVID era. However, to enhance both the quantity and quality of discourse on educational commons, it is necessary to 1) reach an academic consensus on the scope of the concept of educational commons, 2) engage in more fundamental discussions on educational commons, and 3) consider the discourse within the context of a digital-based society. It is suggested that future research on educational commons suitable for domestic circumstances should accumulate both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Connecting environmental systems analysis to manufacturing technology: A catalogue of the world's steel and aluminium components

In pursuit of greenhouse gas emissions reductions, the environmental systems community has developed material flow analyses to describe the transformation of resources into goods, while the manufacturing technology community has developed innovations that can affect the production of individual components. However, these two communities have remained disconnected, because neither is able to relate their insights to their point of common interest: the global production of components. For the first time, this paper connects global analyses of the use of steel and aluminium to the production of components, classified by the metal forming processes which shape them. The results demonstrate the proportions of steel and aluminium used in ten distinct component groups, at global level, and for the major product groups which drive demand for these two metals. This helps both to prioritise requirements for innovation in design and manufacturing and to evaluate of the emissions potential of such innovations.

Doing dams better? A case study of a proposed pumped hydro scheme at Lake Onslow, Central Otago

AbstractWater resource managers and Geographers share common interests in meeting Sustainable Development Goal Seven (universal access to affordable energy) and addressing climate change. Hydropower plays a key role but dams have environmental, social and cultural consequences. The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol (HSAP) aims to ensure that dams are built safely and potential impacts are understood. This study of a proposed pumped hydro scheme at Lake Onslow in Central Otago, New Zealand, considers the effectiveness of HSAP. Results reported here show that HSAP works well but that it can also be improved by including new groups of stakeholders and by widening the perception of risks.

Sun and Sand Ecotourism Management for Sustainable Development in Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico

The promotion of tourism without planning or management can lead the degradation of ecosystems and conflictive social dynamics. This study was conducted in a coastal location where tourism has recently intensified and aimed to reconstruct the preliminary history of tourism and analyze which social groups were involved in tourism and conservation for conducting an ecotourism management. A qualitative content analysis was conducted based on the perceptions of developers, authorities, and tourists in the locality. The results identify social groups involved in the use of ecosystems within the context of local tourism, their interactions, interests, and actions. An analysis of actions contrary to the conservation of these ecosystems that cause land use conflicts and hinder the development of endogenous local tourism was conducted. Social movements and collective actions reveal common interests and values among the inhabitants of Sisal that reveal the potential for transformation into a sustainable tourism project for endogenous local development.

Confucian Familialism and the Crisis of Care

Abstract This paper critically examines Confucian proposals for social welfare espoused by contemporary Confucian moral and political theorists, who promote a familialist, residual welfare state in which welfare provision should be the family's primary responsibility and public assistance be a last resort only available to the poor without family support. By investigating the situation in South Korea, a country whose welfare system bears a striking resemblance to the Confucian ideal, I argue that the Confucian scheme is inherently flawed. It considers poverty to be a personal failure, idealizes the family as a single unity of common interest free from power hierarchies, and lacks knowledge about social reproduction. Their proposal in actuality humiliates and excludes disadvantaged and marginalized people from social protection, abdicates the state's responsibility for the well-being of citizens, and colludes with capitalism in free riding on women's unpaid labor.

EURAD state-of-the-art report: development and improvement of numerical methods and tools for modeling coupled processes in the field of nuclear waste disposal

The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA; https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/publications/eurad-sra) of the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD; https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/) describes the scientific and technical domains and sub-domains and knowledge management needs of common interest between EURAD participant organizations. Theme number 7 is entitled “Performance assessment, safety case development and safety analyses.” A list of research and development priorities and activities of common interest to be addressed within EURAD for theme 7 have been established. Amongst others, the Understanding and modelling of multi-physical Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical coupled processes (THMC) occurring in radioactive waste disposal is a major and permanent issue to support optimization of design and safety case abstraction. To tackle this challenge a research work package entitled “DONUT: Development and improvement of numerical methods and tools for modelling coupled processes” has been conducted within the EURAD join programming initiative. The purpose of this work package is to improve/develop methods or numerical tools in order to go a step further in development of (i) relevant, performant and cutting-edge numerical methods that can easily be implemented in existing or new tools, in order to carry out high-performance computing to facilitate the study of highly coupled processes in large systems, (ii) numerical scale transition schemes for coupled processes, (iii) innovative numerical methods to carry out uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. In this paper the work carried out within the DONUT work package is put in perspective regarding the existing concept and literature on the field. It does not pretend to be exhaustive but rather to put emphasis on particular issues tackled during the project.

Deadlocked International Institutions: Implications for Negotiated Conflict Management

Abstract This article argues that the international institutions in which negotiations have often taken place have been challenged by increased conflict among member states in the early 21st century. Multilateral international institutions function best when common interests are viewed as paramount by the state parties, because they allow the state parties to negotiate structures and processes that serve their shared interests and values. The paper analyzes the difficulties in managing international conflicts in the UN, osce, nato, and EU since 2000 due in part to the inability to achieve consensus within fractured and stalemated institutions. These problems have increasingly limited the role of these institutions in managing some of the most dangerous global conflicts, including on arms control and disarmament and managing the Russian war in Ukraine.

Friendship and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Correlation Between Friendships of Students with ASD High Function (AHF) and Educational Practices in the Context of Inclusion in Primary Education

Friendship contributes to mental well-being, is a protective factor in victimization and a challenge for children and adolescents with High Functioning Autism (HFA). The quantity and quality of their friendships depends on the quality of interventions in their environment. This study aims to investigate the quantity and quality of friendships between children with (AHF) and their peers in primary school, and the relationship between friendships and inclusive educational practices. The research sample consisted of 143 teachers of students with AHF in primary school. The qualitative approach used the Autism Inclusion Questionnaire (AIQ), while the quantitative approach used the Questionnaire on friendships between children with AHF and peers. Inferential statistics, i.e., the use of the x2 correlation test and Pearson's coefficient, was used to investigate the association and type of association between friendship practices with AHF and educational, behavioral practices. Results showed that 35% of teachers believed that children with ASD tended to have no friends and were surrounded by loneliness. Only one third of them had a good friend. However, these friendships could not be considered meaningful as they were not characterized by reciprocity and common interests. 19 out of 37 educational inclusion practices were linked to the development and improvement of friendships. They can be useful for educators, practitioners and families at this age stage.

Smart City Construction, Artificial Intelligence Development, and the Quality of Export Products: A Study Based on Micro-Level Data of Chinese Enterprises

Quality improvement is essential for a nation’s economy to transition from large to strong. In the 21st century, a new wave of quality development has emerged globally, and upgrading the quality of enterprise export products is a key measure for driving exports and supporting high-quality economic development. The development of artificial intelligence, as the new core engine driving technological revolution and industrial transformation, will profoundly alter various aspects of economic activities, including production, distribution, exchange, and consumption. Exploring and cultivating new artificial intelligence-driven momentum to enhance the quality of enterprise export products is inevitably a major theoretical and practical issue of common interest to governments, enterprises, and academia. This paper uses China, a major developing and export-oriented economy, as a case study to explore the policy measures for stimulating new momentum in artificial intelligence development and their effects and transmission mechanisms on improving the quality of enterprise export products. Specifically, it constructs a theoretical model to examine the relationship between smart city construction, artificial intelligence development, and the quality of enterprise export products. By considering the smart city construction projects launched by the Chinese government as a quasi-natural experiment to facilitate artificial intelligence development, the study employs matched city-enterprise data from 2007 to 2015 and utilizes a difference-in-differences (DID) methodology to empirically test the impact of smart city construction on enhancing the quality of enterprise export products. According to the study, the policy-driven nature of smart city construction significantly enhances the quality of enterprise export products. This beneficial impact is particularly evident in the eastern regions, as well as in labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries, and among foreign-invested and private enterprises. Mechanism tests and additional analyses indicate that artificial intelligence development is significantly more advanced in smart cities than in non-smart cities, with the gap between them steadily widening. The construction of smart cities significantly advances artificial intelligence development, which subsequently enhances the quality of enterprise export products. Furthermore, smart cities can substantially contribute to this improvement by facilitating a more efficient, market-oriented allocation of resources.

Komitmen Kerja Kepala Madrasah dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta di Kepulauan Riau

This study was conducted to see the work commitment of the Madrasah principal in improving the effectiveness of Private Junior High Schools (MTs) in the Riau Islands. As an effort to improve the quality of education in madrasas, it is hoped that private madrasas can compete with other public schools. This study uses a qualitative approach that describes the object of study through the process of extracting facts and object data in the field. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of the study indicate that the work commitment of the Madrasah principal in improving the effectiveness of private MTs in the Riau Islands is not optimal, because there are still many aspects that have not been achieved in terms of realization, budget constraints for the procurement of Madrasah facilities and infrastructure, increasing the professionalism of human resources, and other facilities that are still very limited. For this reason, the head of private MTs in the Riau Islands Province tries to improve the effectiveness of madrasas by implementing strategic educational development concepts. The roles played by the head of the Madrasah are; 1) focusing on common interests, 2) improving communication and understanding, 3) increasing involvement and participation, and 4) avoiding win-lose solutions. These roles are very helpful in realizing increased effectiveness of education in madrasas.

Pyrazine-Based Iodine-Containing Biocidal Materials: Enhanced Energy Performance and Reduced Corrosion Risk.

Biosafety is crucial to the common interests of all humanity. Currently, global biosafety governance is a challenge and poses significant opportunities. With the escalating challenges posed by microorganisms, there is an urgent need to develop advanced biocidal materials. In this work, we introduce a class of iodine-containing high-energy biocidal materials, utilizing pyrazine rings with good thermal stability as nitrogen-rich high-energy backbones, to address the issues of corrosion and hygroscopicity associated with N-H acidic protons in traditional iodine-containing azole compounds. Employing nucleophilic substitution and coupling reactions, we successfully synthesized two distinct series of eight compounds (Series A: BQDI, BQFI, BQDIO; Series B: BBQ3I, BBQ4I, BBQNI, MBQ5I, and MBQDI), which exhibit a high iodine content and enhanced detonation pressure. Notably, compounds BQDIO and BBQNI show detonation pressures of 13.70 and 16.52 GPa, respectively, both exceeding the 10 GPa of traditional iodine-containing biocidal materials. This improvement is crucial for expanding the diffusion range of biocidal substances and enhancing the biocidal efficiency of these materials. Pyrazine-based iodine-containing compounds have revolutionized the performance of biocidal materials, addressing corrosion issues and paving the way for the development of efficient, stable, and safe biocidal materials.

THE USAGE OF PAIR WORDS IN RUSSIAN LANGAUAGE

The method of teaching Russian language begins to teach language to students in primary school. The first method of teaching Russian language is practicing technique. Psychological and pedagogical laws of the learning process are like the needs of the society. At the beginning of these needs are communication tools. The communication tools define the ways of teaching Russian to students according to their language characteristics. The method of teaching Russian language consists of the literary parts of the language skills of students, the concepts of grammar, the change of language system over time (assimilation) and other parts of language science. Methodology; pedagogy, psychology and philosophy at the intersection of disciplines. These disciplines have a common interest.

EFFECTIVE TEACHING METHODS

The method of teaching Russian language begins to teach language to students in primary school. The first method of teaching Russian language is practicing technique. Psychological and pedagogical laws of the learning process are like the needs of the society. At the beginning of these needs are communication tools. The communication tools define the ways of teaching Russian to students according to their language characteristics. The method of teaching Russian language consists of the literary parts of the language skills of students, the concepts of grammar, the change of language system over time (assimilation) and other parts of language science. Methodology; pedagogy, psychology and philosophy at the intersection of disciplines. These disciplines have a common interest.

Interpersonal trust in a couple as a sociocultural value

The relevance of the research is the need to identify the features of reducing the value of interpersonal trust in a couple, which leads to a decrease in marriage rates among the Russian population.The problem of the research lies in the presence of deviations in interpersonal trust between men and women and the lack of scientifically based information about the attitude of subjects to trust as a sociocultural value, which prevents the development of effective measures to eliminate deviations in the intergender relationships of partners.The aim of the research is to identify the features of interpersonal trust in a couple as a traditional socio-cultural value.The research methods. The paper uses data from a sociological study conducted in 2024 in the Belgorod region by means of a questionnaire survey. With a quota sample, 1,155 respondents were interviewed.The Results. The study revealed that, for both men and women, the main reason for establishing trust was the presence of identity, individual similarity, common life goals, common interests, and the same rules of behavior. It was found that the majority of respondents trusted their partner much more than other people. The comparative analysis made it possible to talk about the relationships between the level of trust and the duration of the couple's existence. Thus, the lowest level of trust was typical for the young couples formed less than 6 months ago. And the highest level of trust was observed between subjects who had been together for more than 20 years. The correlation analysis led to the conclusion that the highest level of interpersonal trust was manifested in official married couples, and not in cohabitation and not in guest interaction.The Key findings. It has been concluded that following positive traditions and preserving sociocultural values in the interactions of representatives of different sexes is not presented as a cultural and historical relic, but, on the contrary, as a potential for further successful development of the institution of the family. It has been determined that interpersonal trust in a couple between is presented as a socio-cultural value, which largely determines the quality and stability of relationships and interactions between the subjects.

Syria in Turkey-US Relations: Security, Terror and Strategic Dilemmas

Turkey-US relations have historically been influenced by periodic developments, sometimes becoming strong or fragile. In this context, the relations between Turkey and the US have been deeply affected by the presence of the PKK/PYD/YPG in northern Syria and the US support for these groups. Turkey considers the PYD/YPG as an extension of the PKK and perceives it as a direct threat to its national security. On the other hand, the US supports this group by renaming it the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and describing it as the most effective ground force against DAESH. This situation has damaged the relationship between the two NATO allies, leading to diplomatic crises and regional strategic misalignments. Turkey’s cross-border operations and the US support for the PYD/YPG are the most significant points of tension overshadowing the common interests of the two countries. Despite these challenges, Turkey and the US have the potential to protect their common interests in counter-terrorism and regional security matters. This study analyzes how Turkey’s policies in Syria have been shaped by the US support for the PYD/YPG and how the tensions in this context have affected the strategic goals of both countries. Turkey’s national security strategies and its cooperation dynamics with the US can be reshaped through diplomatic negotiations and strategic cooperation mechanisms. In this framework, the advancement of relations on a more constructive basis will be possible if both sides act with mutual understanding and flexibility.

Criteria and tools for improving trust relations between dairy cluster stakeholders

The article shows the necessity and timeliness of building trusting relationships between stakeholders in projects to create a dairy cluster - an association of institutionally independent enterprises integrated into an inter-industry complex, in order to obtain a synergetic result from balanced cooperative relations between them. The cluster should take into account the interests of all its participants, so maintaining trust between them is necessary for the formation of the food chain in the dairy business, which in turn serves as a catalyst for the effective development of the dairy industry, increasing the volume of production and quality of dairy products. The aim is to study the influence of factors on the common interest, partnership between stakeholders in the project environment, as well as the development of methodological and practical recommendations for the application of tools of effective interaction between them, which contributes to the success of the project and the achievement of common goals. Methods - abstract-logical to identify problems and causes, online survey of respondents using Google-form, Cronbach's Alpha modeling methods are used to assess the reliability and internal consistency of questions in the model created in the Smart PLS program when analyzing complex relationships between latent variables (constructs) that cannot be measured directly. In the course of the study 76 respondents from all regions of Kazakhstan, which are potential stakeholders in the activities of the dairy subcomplex, were interviewed. Results - reliability and validity of the chosen conceptual model were established, the necessity of deepening the hypotheses put forward during the life cycle of the project on the functioning of the dairy cluster was proved. Conclusions - innovative entrepreneurship cannot be successful without managing the process of forming an atmosphere of trusting relations along the entire chain of the production process - from investors to consumers.

Analysis of Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning and Marketing Mix Strategies on The MSME Training and Coaching

This study aims to analyse the implementation and effectiveness of Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning (STP) and Marketing Mix NICE (Networking, Interaction, Common Interest and Experience) strategies at PT Indotraining Multi Solusi's MSME training and coaching institution. Using qualitative methods that include observation, document analysis and interviews with managers and participants, this study evaluates the effect of these strategies on increasing the marketing capacity of PT Indotraining Multi Solusi. The results show that effective integration of STP and Marketing Mix can significantly improve market understanding and competitive position with similar competitors.